Loučná (Hrádek nad Nisou)
| Loučná | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Liberecký kraj | ||||
| District : | Liberec | ||||
| Municipality : | Hrádek nad Nisou | ||||
| Area : | 467.617 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 51 ' N , 14 ° 50' E | ||||
| Height: | 250 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 1,016 (March 1, 2001) | ||||
| Postal code : | 463 34 | ||||
| License plate : | L. | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Hrádek nad Nisou - Loučná | ||||
Loučná , until 1947 Gerštorf (German: Görsdorf ) is a district of the town of Hrádek nad Nisou in the Czech Republic . It is located one kilometer west of Hrádek nad Nisou and belongs to the Okres Liberec .
geography
Loučná extends on the left bank of the Lusatian Neisse up to the state border with Germany . It lies on the edge of the Zittau basin , whose brown coal deposits extend on the Bohemian side via Loučná to Chotyně .
To the north lies the Kristýna lake . In the west, the Weißbach / Bílý potok, which has since dried up as a result of mining, forms the border with Saxony . To the south is the ridge of the Lusatian Mountains . Here rise the Heideberg (549 m) in the southwest, the Sedlecký Špičák ( Lindeberg , 544 m) and the Popova skála ( Pfaffenstein , 565 m) in the south and the Ovčí Kopec ( Schafberg , 263 m).
Neighboring towns are Hrádek nad Nisou in the northeast, Donín in the east, Dolní Sedlo in the southeast, Lückendorf in the southwest, Oybin in the west and Hartau in the northwest.
history
The street village was probably created by German settlers in the 13th century on a raised bank pedestal above the Neisseauen. The place belonging to the Grafenstein lordship was first mentioned in writing in 1454 and was dominated by agriculture until the 18th century.
In 1786, lignite mining began in the Barbara shaft ( Baborka ). In 1797 a mechanical weaving mill was established in the Neisse meadows. In 1808, the Counts of Clam-Gallas expected seven dimensions on the Weissbach and had another brown coal works built in civil engineering. In 1822, on the right of the Neisse, the Christianenschacht lignite works, which also belonged to Count Clam-Gallas, followed . In 1830 Gersdorf had 474 inhabitants and consisted of 70 houses. In 1833, 69 entrepreneurs from Reichenberg joined together in the “Reichenberg Coal Mining Association” and began mining for lignite in Görsdorf. Since the result was unsatisfactory, the association continued its search for lignite seams beyond the Weissbach near Alt Hartau and in 1835 sunk the Negedly lignite mine on the Negedly farm. In 1837 seven brown coal mines were operated in Gersdorf.
After the abolition of patrimonial Gersdorf formed from 1850 a political municipality in the judicial district of Kratzau and district Reichenberg . In 1867 the factory owner Friedrich Franz Josef von Leitenberger sold the former Piarist monastery Kosmanos , which had served him as a production facility. On the Heilig-Geist-Wiese in the Neißeaue opposite Gersdorf, he had an artificial island built on the site of the flood-prone old weaving mill and a large cotton spinning and weaving mill built, which began operations in 1868. The work directed by Eduard Redlhammer was one of the most modern in the country; it had a factory kitchen and steam baths as well as a factory health insurance fund. In 1879 a two-class private works school opened in Gersdorf for the children of the employees, which was also open to the public. For this purpose, a school building with teachers' apartments was built on the factory premises. In addition, there had been a brickworks in Gersdorf since 1868. In 1869 the community had 685 inhabitants.
On the road to Alt Hartau, coal was mined directly at the border in the Franz-Schacht, to the southwest of it was the Eduard-Schacht, opposite on the Saxon side on the Weißbach the brown coal works Saxonia. The Christian tunnel was driven to the Neisse river to drain the water from the Clam-Gallasschen brown coal underground mine on the Weißbach. At the end of the 19th century, the community name changed to Görsdorf . On the Neisse near the border, the Zittau factory owner George Elstner set up a sizing and dyeing shop as a branch in 1888.
In 1892, the Görsdörfer spinning mill, which together with the factory in Josephsthal, formed one of the two pillars of the Leitenberger family business, operated 1152 mechanical looms. In the same year, another building was built on the spinning mill premises, in which a factory-owned consumption was set up. Both plants together employed over 2000 workers. After the accidental death of his son Friedrich von Leitenberger, the family business became Cosmanos AG. Due to the existing industry, the village also grew. Along the road through the Neißeaue to Grottau, the settlement of Neu Görsdorf was formed to the left of the river . The community of Görsdorf had 2312 inhabitants in 1900.
After the establishment of Czechoslovakia in 1918, the Czech place name Gerštorf was created . Until the 1920s, brown coal was mined in the Friedrich-Schacht and Barbara-Schacht at Weißbach. The popular Hahnbergbaude restaurant was located at the northern foot of the Lindeberg. In 1930 there were 2058 people in Görsdorf. At that time, coal was only extracted from the Neisse in the Christianen-Schacht colliery, which was operated in open-cast mining. As a result of the global economic crisis, the Cosmanos AG plant in Görsdorf had to cease operations in 1932. After the Munich Agreement , Görsdorf was added to the German Reich in 1938 and belonged to the Reichenberg district until 1945 . In 1939 the community had 1,791 inhabitants. After the occupation, the vacant factory was confiscated and in 1940 leased to the Spreewerk armaments company by the Verwertungsgesellschaft für Montanindustrie GmbH . Walther P38 pistols for the Wehrmacht were produced in the Spreewerk Grottau until the end of April 1945 . At the end of 1944, the expansion of the Christian tunnel for air defense purposes began. After the end of World War II, Gerštorf came back to Czechoslovakia and the German population was expelled by 1946 . With the closure of the border crossing from Hrádek nad Nisou to Zittau , which now crossed Polish territory in 1945, cross-border vehicle traffic was handled via the Gerštorf / Hartau border crossing. The factory was handed over to Jaroslav Mráz as a replacement for the nationalized Beneš Mráz plant in Choceň and produced pressing machines. After the nationalization in 1949, the plant came to the state company Praga via various intermediate stations and manufactured gears and transmissions for trucks.
In 1947 Gerštorf was renamed Loučná and in 1950 incorporated into Hrádek nad Nisou. In 1950 there were 1170 people in Loučná. The border to Alt Hartau was closed in 1951. The Střelnice ( Hahnbergbaude ) was demolished in the 1950s. In 1970 the population of Loučná was 1123, in 1991 it was only 891. Coal production in the Kristýna mine ( Christianen shaft ) was stopped in 1972 and the open-cast mine filled with water. In 1983 the transmission plant came to Avia . From the 1980s onwards, Lake Kristýna was used for bathing purposes and gradually expanded into a recreational area. In 1991 a tourist border crossing to Hartau opened. In the same year the place had 891 inhabitants. In the course of the privatization of Avia, the gear plant in Loučná was spun off as Severočeské výrobny autodílů Hrádek nad Nisou (SeVA as) in 1992 and was renamed Praga as, Hrádek nad Nisou from 1997. In 2002 the company went bankrupt and the transmission plant was bought by Vettorello in 2004. In 2006 it was acquired by ZPA Pečky as. In 2001 the village consisted of 242 houses, in which 1016 people lived. The former village school now serves as a kindergarten. The Oder-Neisse cycle path leads through the village .
Local division
Loučná is divided into the residential areas Stará Loučná, Nová Loučná and U hranic, the recreation area U Kristíny, the agricultural areas Ovčí Kopec and U Celnice and the forest area Za střelnicí.
Attractions
- Sedlecký Špičák ( Lindeberg , 554 m) with an old quarry at the top
- Popova skála ( Pfaffenstein , 565 m)
- Kristýna swimming lake , the 14 hectare open-cast mine is up to 28 m deep
Sons and daughters of the place
- Karl Linke (1900–1961), General of the National People's Army
literature
- Per Mathisen: Walthers P.38 Pistol - Spreewerk Produksjon , 2000
