Marshal von Bieberstein

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Coat of arms of the Marshal von Bieberstein

Marschall von Bieberstein is the name of an old Meissen noble family who held the hereditary marshal and treasury office of the Margraves of Meissen in the 13th century .

Origin, history and name development

Gnandstein Castle , fortifications from the 13th century

The family is first mentioned in 1196 with Norbert von Schladebach and his son Konrad (an identity of this Norbert with the Hallenser salt count Norbert mentioned in 1179 is likely, but cannot be proven). The family held the hereditary marshal and treasury office of the Margraves of Meissen . Towards the end of the 13th century, the official title became part of the name. While the tribe of "treasurers" founded by Norbert's younger son Konrad went extinct at the beginning of the 15th century, the descendants of Norbert's older son Heinrich, documented as the owner of the Marshal's Office since 1198, continue to live under the current family name of "Marschall von Bieberstein" . Gnandstein Castle near Kohren-Sahlis ( district of Leipziger Land ) has been the seat of the family since 1228 . At the end of the 14th century they ceded Gnandstein to the von Einsiedel family , who owned it until 1945.

As early as 1231, the family acquired the Mockritz estate near Döbeln and kept it until 1590; the line there was called Marschalk von Mockritz . After the loss of the hereditary offices at the beginning of the 14th century, the family's focus of ownership shifted to the historical office of Döbeln (including Choren , Döschütz , Ebersbach, Gärtitz (until 1469), Hermsdorf (1564–1612), Heyda , Jeßnitz (1480–1590) ), Kobelsdorf , Mahlitzsch , Naußlitz , Otzdorf and Ziegra ). To the east of the Elbe, possessions in Berbisdorf , Nassau and Niederau are attested. A line of marshals residing at Schloss Frohburg apparently sought to establish their own class rule; but it died out after 1405. At the same time, there were family members in the patriciate of Freiberg during the 14th century , where they appointed councilors and mayors. Family members also played a part in silver mining in the Ore Mountains during this period.

Bieberstein Castle

The acquisition of the castle, village and manor Bieberstein , located between Nossen and Freiberg, was financed from this income . The first family member named after Bieberstein was named Heinrich Marschall on June 15, 1399, but the surname "von Bieberstein" was not adopted by the entire family until the 17th century to distinguish it from other, non-related sexes of the name "Marschall" (see also below, differentiation from other noble families of the name Marschall ). There is no relationship with the Barons von Bieberstein , who died out in the 17th century and who once owned Bieberstein Castle (before 1218 to approx. 1290) and named themselves after her. After the initial bloom of the branch established in Bieberstein, an increasing economic decline set in at the beginning of the 16th century. Bieberstein Castle remained in the family of the marshals until 1602.

A branch of the family (von Marschall and Berbisdorff ) turned to Silesia at the beginning of the 16th century , where they owned the Paulsdorf, Schmollen and Zessel estates. In 1584, Nikolaus Marschall the Younger married Anna Luther, daughter of Paul Luther and granddaughter of the reformer Martin Luther, at Nossen Castle .

The turn from the 16th to the 17th century and the Thirty Years' War that followed soon after marked a deep turning point in the development of the family . Five branches of the family, including the two who sat at Bieberstein, died out during this time or left the feudal association and merged with the bourgeoisie in various cities. As a result, in the middle of the 17th century only a few male bearers of the name can be found as members of the Saxon landowning nobility; only in the 18th century did the number of family members return to the level of the end of the 16th century.

Choren Castle , Saxony

A new impulse came from Alexander Marschall von Bieberstein auf Hermsdorf (1604–1668) and his wife Johanna Barbara, nee. from Milckau (1610–1681), whose seven sons founded new lines; five of them left their home in Meissen in the middle of the 17th century and settled in northern Electoral Saxony or the Duchy of Magdeburg , in what is now Saxony-Anhalt (in Bennstedt near Halle, Bretleben , Hedersleben , Kayna, Baumersroda (1736 / 37–1744) and Schmon). One of the sons, Leonhard Marschall von Bieberstein, had the Choren Castle built near Döbeln in 1755 . The Thuringian manors Reichstädt and Bethenhausen were also family owned in the 18th century.

The family grew rapidly in the 18th and 19th centuries; During this time family members are in the Kingdom of Hanover (Burgdorf), Pomerania (Quatzow, Reddichow, Rowen, Rumske, Schmarsow and Zedlin), ( East ) Prussia (Adelwitz, Bleddin, Eichen, Gnie, Polzen, Tolksdorf and Wandlack), Baden ( Neuershausen Castle in March near Freiburg, Buchholz Castle near Waldkirch , Melcherhof / Unteribental near Kirchzarten), in the Duchy of Nassau ( Hahnstätten ), in Russia (Dobrenkaja / Gouv. Poltawa and Alexandrowskoje / District Orenburg) and the USA (Cherry Spring, Gillespie Co., Texas) wealthy.

One line came into the Duchy of Württemberg , Damian Otto Julius Marschall von Bieberstein (1701–1760) was lieutenant colonel and commander of the Hohenasperg fortress there . His older son Carl Wilhelm (1763–1817) founded the Baden line, the younger Friedrich August went to Russia and the third son, Ernst Franz Ludwig (1770–1834) became the conducting state minister in the Duchy of Nassau . Since he was able to avert an annexation of Nassau by Prussia at the Congress of Vienna , he received lands and the moated castle in Hahnstätten as a ducal endowment in 1816 . In 1969 the castle and palace gardens were sold by the family.

With the marriage of the Baden legation councilor August Marschall von Bieberstein in 1839 to Ida Freiin von Falkenstein from the Oberrimsingen family, Neuershausen Castle in March (Breisgau) came into the family's possession. Through Mara Freifrau Marschall von Bieberstein (-Neuershausen), born Freiin von Ow -Wachendorf, Buchholz Castle in Buchholz (Waldkirch) came to the family at the beginning of the 20th century ; the two castles in Baden are still in their possession.

In addition, numerous family members were in civil state services and in the military, v. a. in Württemberg, Prussia, Baden, Hz. Nassau and Russia (namesake appearing in Austria come from the Lower Saxon family Marschalck von Bachtenbrock ). In 1849, Hermann Marschall von Bieberstein zu Cölln near Meißen left Saxony - with him, the more than 650-year history of the family in the old Meissen homeland ended. The Baden and Nassau lines still exist today, with a geographical focus on Germany and the United States . The whereabouts of descendants of two branches of the family based in Russia (Moscow and Orenburg ) after the October Revolution of 1917 is unclear.

  • Neuershausen Castle, Baden

  • Buchholz Castle, Baden

  • Bieberstein Castle in Hahnstätten (Nassau)

Nobility elevations and nobility recognition

WappenMvB.gif

coat of arms

The coat of arms shows a red diagonal grid on a silver background. On the helmet with its red and silver covers , between two silver buffalo horns, there is an upright red staff ( marshal's staff ), which is topped with a bush of six black cock feathers. The first known coat of arms can be found on a seal from 1236.

A very similar coat of arms became the Ulm patrician family "Rottengatter" with the coat of arms letter of Emperor Friedrich III. conferred on June 21, 1473.

Known family members

Differentiation from other noble families of the name Marschall

This family is not related to the Barons von Bieberstein , who died in the 17th century , who once owned the Bieberstein Castle (before 1218 to approx. 1290) , where the marshals then settled from 1399, and who played an important historical role in Bohemia , Silesia and Lusatia. There is also no relationship to the East Prussian gentlemen Rogalla von Bieberstein , who can be traced back (somewhat doubtfully) to the aforementioned Barons von Bieberstein.

There is also no relationship with the Thuringian barons Marschall von Altengottern , with the Franconian Marschalk von Ostheim and the Bremen Marschalck von Bachtenbrock . See also:

swell

literature

  • Felix Bachmann: Rule and Effect - Nobility and large landowners in Halle and the western Saalekreis. Mitteldeutscher Verlag Halle, 2009.
  • Fritz Fischer: Ancestral lines of the Fischer siblings. typewritten Factory (Main State Archive Dresden)
  • Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels , Adelslexikon Volume VIII, Volume 113 of the complete series, CA Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn) 1997, ISSN  0435-2408 , pp. 282-284.
  • Otto Hupp : Munich Calendar 1925 . Book and Art Print AG, Munich / Regensburg 1925.
  • Lindner Genealogical Collection in the Bay. State Library Munich
  • Dieter Rübsamen: Small rulers in the Pleißenland. Böhlau-Verlag, 1987.
  • Harald Schieckel : Domain and ministeriality of the Margraves of Meißen. 1959.
  • Friedrich Cast: Historical and genealogical book of the nobility of the Grand Duchy of Baden. Volume 2, Part 1, pp. 284ff.
  • Valentin König : Genealogical aristocratic history. Part 2, p. 674ff.
  • Heinrich Erwin Ferdinand von Feilitzsch,: On the family history of the German, in particular of the Meissnian nobility from 1570 to approx. 1820, p.180f
  • Gothaisches genealogical pocket book of noble houses, 1901, S.607f , 1922 S.559f

Web links

Commons : Marschall von Bieberstein family  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ Codex diplomaticus saxoniae regiae
  2. ^ Document book of the city of Halle
  3. ↑ Last named is Otto Kämmerer von Gruna, urk. 1401
  4. ↑ Codex diplomaticus saxoniae regiae
  5. ↑ Chronicle Mockritz
  6. ↑ The last mention of five Brothers Marschall von Frohburg in a Meissnian document from 1405.
  7. ↑ So far it is not clear whether there are still living descendants of this couple today. It is documented that the couple had children.
  8. ^ Georg Job Marschall von Bieberstein , Joachim Wilhelm Marschall von Bieberstein , Alexander Haubold Marschall von Bieberstein , Julius Heinrich Marschall von Bieberstein , Leonhard Marschall von Bieberstein, Hans Dietrich Marschall von Bieberstein and Moritz Thamm Marschall von Bieberstein
  9. ↑ See the coat of arms on the tombstone of Franz MvB in the cemetery in Prague / Lesser Town
  10. ↑ O. Posse: The seals of the nobility of the Wettin region.
  11. ^ Kurt von Priesdorff : Soldatisches Führertum . Volume 1, Hanseatische Verlagsanstalt Hamburg, undated [Hamburg], undated [1937], DNB 367632764 , pp. 323-324, no. 349.
  12. ^ The Saxon General Postmasters of the Polish Post during the personal union with the Electorate of Saxony from 1697 to 1763. In: Contributions to the Saxon Postal History and Philately. Volume 5, Verlag Christian Springer, 1983, pp. 28-34.
  13. ↑ Bieberstein. In: Eugen Lennhoff, Oskar Posner, Dieter A. Binder: Internationales Freemaurer Lexikon. 1980. Reprint from 1932, Amalthena Verlag, ISBN 3-85002-038-X .
  14. ↑ Biberschteijn. In: Russki biografitscheski sslowarj. Volume 3, 1908, pp. 13/14.
  15. ^ W. Menn: Ernst Franz Ludwig Freiherr Marschall von Bieberstein, 1770-1834. In: Nassau pictures of life. Volume 6, 1961, pp. 114-183.
  16. ^ Kurt von Priesdorff: Soldatisches Führertum. Volume 8, Hanseatische Verlagsanstalt Hamburg, undated [Hamburg], undated [1941], DNB 367632837 , pp. 430-431, no. 2678.
  17. ^ Irene Marschall King: Wilhelm Freiherr Marschall von Bieberstein, 1822–1901. Self-published, Waco / Texas c. 1970.
  18. ↑ Erich Lindow: Freiherr Marschall von Bieberstein as ambassador to Constantinople 1897 to 1912. Danzig 1934.
  19. ↑ Götz v. Pölnitz: Emir. the brave life of Baron Marshal von Bieberstein. Munich et al. 1942.
  20. ^ Obituary by Sven Hedin: Marschall v. Bieberstein. In: Sven Hedin: Fifty Years of Germany. FU Brockhaus, Leipzig 1938, pp. 239–246.