Adolf Marschall von Bieberstein (politician, 1842)

Adolf Baron Marshal von Bieberstein

Marshal von Bieberstein as a Heidelberg Swabian, 1862

Adolf Hermann Freiherr Marschall von Bieberstein (born October 12, 1842 in Karlsruhe , † September 24, 1912 in Badenweiler ) was a German politician and State Secretary of the Foreign Office of the German Empire .

origin

Adolf Freiherr Marschall von Bieberstein came from the originally Meissen noble family Marschall von Bieberstein . His parents were the Baden lawyer and later chief court judge August Friedrich Freiherr Marschall von Bieberstein (1804–1888) and Ida nee Freiin von Falkenstein (1810–1857). They founded the Neuershausen branch of the Marschall von Bieberstein line in Baden.

Adolf's grandfather Karl Wilhelm Marschall von Bieberstein was Baden's Minister of the Interior, as was his uncle Adolf Ludwig Marschall von Bieberstein . His cousin Adolf of the same name was Baden's Foreign Minister from 1905 to 1911.

Life

Adolf Freiherr Marschall von Bieberstein studied law at the Universities of Freiburg and Heidelberg from 1861 to 1865 and was a member of the Corps Suevia . After graduating he worked from 1865 to 1867 legal intern and 1867-1871 trainee . In 1871 he received a position as magistrate in Schwetzingen and in the same year became a public prosecutor in Mosbach . In 1879 he became a district judge and from 1882 first public prosecutor in Mannheim .

His career as a politician began in 1875 when he became a member of the First Chamber of Baden . He had this mandate until 1883. From 1878 to 1881 he was also a German-Conservative member of the Reichstag for the constituency of Baden 10 (Karlsruhe-Bruchsal). He initially supported Otto von Bismarck , but contrary to the general political development after Bismarck's turn to the conservatives in 1879, he took an oppositional stance. From 1883 to 1890, Marschall von Bieberstein was the Badischer envoy in Berlin and participated in the overthrow of Bismarck.

In 1890 he was promoted to State Secretary (de facto Foreign Minister) in the Foreign Office under Bismarck's successor Leo von Caprivi and remained in this position for some time under the new Chancellor Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (since 1894). He supported Caprivi's balancing policy through trade agreements and sought a compromise with Great Britain, which he endangered by drafting the Kruger telegram . However, he increasingly came into conflict with Kaiser Wilhelm II , who sought a stronger personal influence on foreign policy. Finally, in July 1897, Marshal von Bieberstein was recalled and transferred to Constantinople as ambassador . Through the economic cooperation between the German and the Ottoman Empire, Bieberstein wanted to further expand relations with the Orient. The Baghdad Railway played a central role in this. Thanks to the efforts of Marshal von Bieberstein, a predominantly German consortium received the concession to build the Baghdad Railway. In 1907, Marshal von Bieberstein was the representative of the German Reich at the second Hague Peace Conference . In 1912, shortly before his death, he moved to London as ambassador . He was given the task of turning the tense German-British relationship around. However, shortly after taking office, he died on September 24, 1912 at the age of 69.

In 1896 he coined the phrase, which is now popular today, " to flee into the public eye ".

family

Marschall von Bieberstein married Marie Freiin von Gemmingen, born in 1862 (daughter of Wilhelm Pleikard Ludwig von Gemmingen ) in 1886 , with whom he had five children. His son Wilhelm Pleickart (1890-1935) became a Freikorps and SA leader.

After the death of her husband, the widow devoted herself to church tasks, founded the “Evangelical Women's Association for Inner Mission in Baden” in 1916 and was the chairwoman of the “Evangelical Women's Association” from 1916 to 1934. In 1918 she founded the "Evangelical Social Women's School" in Freiburg, later the Evangelical University of Freiburg , and in 1925 the first maternity home in Baden.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Georg Hirth: German Parliament Almanac . 13th edition, September 1878. Georg Hirth Verlag, Leipzig 1878, p. 190.
2. ^ Ekkehard Verchau: Marschall von Bieberstein, Adolf. In: New German Biography. 16, 1990, pp. 256-257.
3. ^ Fritz Specht, Paul Schwabe: The Reichstag elections from 1867 to 1903. 2nd edition. Berlin: Verlag Carl Heymann, 1904, p. 256.
4. ↑ Konrad Canis: From Bismarck to world politics. German foreign policy 1890 to 1902. (= studies on international history. Volume 3). 2nd Edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1999, p. 39.
5. ↑ Irene Geuer: Adolf Marschall von Bieberstein coined the catchphrase "Escape into the public". In: Zeitzeichen. NDR , December 4, 2016, accessed January 2, 2017 . 

literature

• Armin Danco: The Yellow Book of the Corps Suevia in Heidelberg. 3. Edition. (Members 1810–1985), Heidelberg 1985, No. 573
• Eckhard Hansen, Florian Tennstedt (Eds.) U. a .: Biographical lexicon on the history of German social policy from 1871 to 1945 . Volume 1: Social politicians in the German Empire 1871 to 1918. Kassel University Press, Kassel 2010, ISBN 978-3-86219-038-6 , p. 106 f. ( Online , PDF; 2.2 MB).
• Ekkehard Verchau:  Marshal von Bieberstein, Adolf. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 16, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-428-00197-4 , p. 256 f. ( Digitized version ).
• Biographisches Jahrbuch und Deutscher Nekrolog, Volume 17, 1912, p.206

Web links

Commons : Adolf Marschall von Bieberstein  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Mr. von Marschall, Adolf in the database of the members of the Reichstag
• Biography of Adolf Freiherr Marschall-Bieberstein . In: Heinrich Best : database of the members of the Reichstag of the Empire 1867/71 to 1918 (Biorab - Kaiserreich)