Marshal (title of nobility)

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The marshal ( Middle Latin: marescalcus horse servant , military leader) is a hereditary arch and court office .

history

When the Saxon Duke Henry I on March 12, 919 Fritzlar king of Ostfrankenreiches chosen was to appear in the subsequent coronation in the Palatinate for the first time Erzämter the Empire ore Marshal, Ore Steward, Ore eunuch ore cupbearer . Erbtruchseß were those of Waldburg , Erbschenk those of Limpurg , Erbmarschall that of Pappenheim and Hereditary Treasurer that of Bolanden-Falkenstein .

In the Golden Bull , the Elector of Saxony is named as Reich Archmarschall ( Archimarescallus ). He was the bearer of the imperial sword on ceremonial occasions. His official sign, which he also used in the coat of arms, was two crossed red swords. The deputy was hereditary as Reichshermarschall ( Vicemarescallus ) to the Counts of Pappenheim. In the High Middle Ages , both offices had a real function as commanders of the entire imperial contingent , but since the Renaissance at the latest they only had to perform ceremonial tasks at imperial coronations and imperial days .

The marshal families

List of families with the title of marshal as part of the surname

As a rule, the marshal families derive their name from the court office of a marshal . The following families usually add the headquarters or their origin after the marshal title to differentiate.

  • Marshal von Anweil ​​(Ministerial of Constance)
  • Marschalck von Bachtenbrock , Hereditary Marshal of the Archdiocese of Bremen (also M. von Bachtenbruck, M. von Cronenberg, M. von Cranenburg)
  • Marschalck von Baldingen, in the 14th century in Freiburg
  • Marshal of Basel with the line of Marshal von Liestal, Hereditary Marshal of the Bishop of Basel
  • Marshal von Biberbach (and Kahlenthal) → Marshal von Pappenheim
  • Marshal von Bieberstein , Marshal of the Margraviate of Meissen
  • Marshal von Bleideck, feudal men of the Bishop of Constance
  • Marshal von Da (h) l (e) witz (also from Marschall, the tribe of the Scottish noble family Marishall de Clothoderick (Marshal of Clothoderick), a tribe with the Marshal von Keit (Hereditary Marshal of Scotland, Scottish Count 1458), Marshal of Eslemont and Marschall von Lochwardt, for the Prussian minister Samuel von Marschall the aristocratic origin was recognized in 1717, then noble family of Nieder-Barnim), owners of the estates Dahlewitz, Münchehofe, Rahnsdorf, Tasdorf (today part of Rüdersdorf near Berlin) and Ranft
  • Marshal von Derschney, in Swabia, also Marshal von (der) Schney, Marshal in the Schney, Marshal zu Raucheneck from the Schney, a tribe with the von Redwitz
  • Marshal of Delsberg called Spender (Spendre, Alsace), feudal men of the bishops of Basel, a coat of arms with the Marshal of Basel
  • Marshal von Dettikofen (Tetenkoven)
  • Marshal of Diefurt
  • Marshal von Donnersberg (also Marshal von Dornsperg), went out at the end of the 16th century, a tribe with the Marshal von Oberndorf , since 1150 Marshal of the Bishops of Augsburg, Marshal von Boxberg (Bocksberg), Marshal von Elgen and Truchsess von Killenthal
  • Marshal von Ebersberg (= Marshal von Eckersberg, with the lines Altengottern, Burgholzhausen (Holzhausen), Gosserstedt, Guthmannshausen, Troeber, hereditary marshal in the Landgraviate of Thuringia )
  • Marshal von Ebnet, a tribe with the von Redwitz
  • Marshal von Eckardtsberge (also M. von Eckertsberg)
  • Marshal von Erlebach and Einödt → Marshal called Greiff , on Erlebach
  • Marshal von Eckersberg (= Marshal von Ebersberg, with the lines Altengottern, Burgholzhausen (Holzhausen), Gosserstedt, Guthmannshausen, Troeber, hereditary marshal in the Landgraviate of Thuringia)
  • Marshal von Falkenstein, also Marshal von Sanct Gallen
  • Marshal of Froburg
  • Marshal von Gnandstein, former name of → Marshal von Bieberstein
  • Marshal von Goldbach
  • Marshal von Hohenreichen → Marshal von Pappenheim
  • Marshal von Jülich (family von Eschweiler )
  • Marshal von Justingen, also von Justingen
  • Marshal von Kalden → Marshal von Pappenheim
  • Marschalck called Kraft, in the 15th century in Constance, in Thurgau
  • Marshal von Kunstadt, Marshal of the Principality of Bamberg, a tribe with the von Redwitz
  • Marshal von Liebenstein
  • Marshal of Maierhofen
  • Marshal von Meilenhart → Hereditary Marshal von Lechsgemünd-Graisbach
  • Marshal von Markdorf
  • Marshal von Mockritz → Marshal von Bieberstein
  • Marshal von Nabeck
  • Marshal von Neuenbürg, noble family in Neuchâtel, especially in Hach
  • Marshal von Oberndorf → Marshal von Donnersberg
  • Marshal of Osdagessen
  • Marshal von Ostheim , inheritance from the Archbishopric Mainz, Marshal von Reichenau
  • Marshal von Rechberg → Marshal von Pappenheim
  • Marshal of Seewasen (Alsace)
  • Marschal-Perelat (Field Marshal-Lieutenant Peter Marschal-Perelat was raised to the baron status in 1819.)
  • Marshal von Staffelstein
  • Marshal of Strasbourg, also Marshal of Huneburg (The Counts and Lords of Huneburg (Lower Alsace)), allegedly a branch of the Counts of Metz, held the Grand Marshal's Office of the Diocese of Strasbourg (which came to the dynasty of Lichtenberg after their extinction) and called themselves also Marshal of Huneburg or of Strasbourg
  • Marshal von Staufen, line of those von Staufen (Lower Alsace)
  • Marshal von Struntzberg
  • Marshal von Stumpfberg
  • Marshal of Sulicki
  • Marshal of Trebra
  • Marschalken von Schiltberg , Marshal of the Wittelsbacher
  • Marschall von Waldeck (also called Marshal von Waldeck von Ueben, Marshal von Lorch, Sooneck (Marshal) von Waldeck called von Lorch), Hereditary Marshal von Kurmainz
  • Marshal of Warburg
  • Marshal von Weil
  • Marshal called Greiff , Marshal of the princes of Henneberg, 1923 in the male line with Ulrich Marschall called Greiff
  • Marshal von Zimmer at Castle Marschalkenzimmern with the lines of Marschall von Geisingen, Marshal von Hohenberg, Marshal von Reichenau and Marshal von Wartenberg, Marshal of the Counts of Hohenberg
  • Marschalek, also Marschallek, Prussian manor owner and tenant of Groß Kreutz in der Zauche

List of families that only have the title of Hereditary Marshal

  • Auersperg , Obersterblandmarschall in Krain and the Windischen Mark, Erblandmarschall in Tirol
  • Beichlingen , heir marshal of the Landgraviate of Thuringia, went out in 1567
  • Birgel , Hereditary Marshal of the Duchy of Jülich
  • Boedberg , Hereditary Marshal of the Duchy of Geldern, went out in 1613
  • Brimeu , Barone von Wesemaele, Count of Megen, Hereditary Marshal of Brabant, died in 1572
  • Buggenhagen , Hereditary Marshal of the Duchy of Pomerania since 1357, Hereditary Marshal in the countries of Rügen and Barth, died out in 1652
  • Bülow , Hereditary Marshal in the Duchy of Lauenburg
  • Closen , Hereditary Marshal of Lower Bavaria since 1519, expired in 1856
  • Corsselaer , Hereditary Marshal of the Duchy of Limburg
  • Dernbach , Hereditary Marshal of the Duchy of Franconia (Hochstift Würzburg)
  • Dietz , Hereditary Marshal of the County of Diez, expired in 1727; it was waived to enfeoff a successor gender with the title
  • Eggenberg , Oberst-Erbmarschall-Amt in Lower and Upper Austria since 1625, inheritance tavern in Carniola and the Windischen Mark since 1622, expired in 1717 in the male line
  • Eltz , Hereditary Marshal of the Electorate of Trier
  • Eschweiler , Hereditary Marshal of Jülich
  • Flemming , Hereditary Marshal of the Duke of Pomerania-Stettin and from 1406 as Hereditary Marshal for Western Pomerania
  • Gans zu Putlitz , Hereditary Marshal of the Kurmark Brandenburg
  • Hahn , hereditary marshal of the Stargard reign since 1469
  • Henneberg , Hereditary Marshal of the Principality of Würzburg
  • Heusenstamm , Hereditary Marshal of the Electorate of Mainz from 1548 to 1803
  • Hoensbroech , Hereditary Marshal of the Duchy of Geldern and the County of Zutphen since 1613
  • Hohenlohe-Öhringen , Reichshermarschall of the Kingdom of Württemberg since 1808
  • Horst , Hereditary Marshal of the Duchy of Kleve, line entitled to the title expired in 1533
  • Kannenberg, Hereditary Marshal of the Principality of Minden
  • Künsberg , hereditary marshals of the Burgraviate of Nuremberg since 1623
  • Ledebur , hereditary marshal of Herford Abbey
  • Löser , Hereditary Marshal of Electoral Saxony
  • Maltzahn , hereditary marshal in the Duchy of Pomerania-Stettin since around 1330
  • Meding , Hereditary Marshal of the Principality of Lüneburg since 1360
  • Merveldt , Hereditary Marshal of the Principality of Münster since 1840
  • Metternich , Hereditary Marshal of the Duchy of Luxembourg since Wolfgang Heinrich († 1699)
  • Morrien , Hereditary Marshal of the Duchy of Münster since 1350, line entitled to the title expired in 1691
  • Münster , Hereditary Marshal of the Herford Abbey, since 1814 Hereditary Marshal of the Kingdom of Hanover
  • Nassau , Hereditary Marshal of Holland
  • Nesselrode , Hereditary Marshal of the Duchy of Berg since 1481
  • Oldershausen , since the end of the 13th century hereditary marshal of the principalities of Braunschweig, Göttingen and Grubenhagen, they were later given this dignity in the Principality of Calenberg
  • Pallandt , Hereditary Marshal of the Duchy of Cleves since 1533
  • Pfäffinger , Hereditary Marshal of Lower Bavaria from 1375 to 1519
  • Plettenberg , 1695 to 1802 Hereditary Marshal of the Duchy of Münster, Hereditary Marshal of the County of Mark
  • Prager , Hereditary Marshal in Carniola
  • Putbus , Hereditary Marshal in New Western Pomerania and Rügen
  • Wilhelm and Johann von Reuschenberg zu Overbach , Hereditary Marshal of the Duchy of Limburg
  • Reck auf Stockhausen, Hereditary Marshal in the Principality of Minden
  • Riedesel , Hereditary Marshal of Hesse since 1432
  • Rollingen , Hereditary Marshal of the Duchy of Luxembourg and the County of Chiny, died out in 1740
  • Rössing , Hereditary Marshal of the Diocese (Principality) of Halberstadt
  • Salm-Reifferscheidt , Hereditary Marshal of the Electorate of Cologne since the middle of the 15th century, as legal successor to the Lords of Alfter
  • Sandretzky , Hereditary Marshal of Silesia
  • Schlitz called by Görtz , hereditary marshal of the Fulda monastery
  • Schwicheldt , Hereditary Marshal of the Hildesheim Monastery
  • Spiegel zu Peckelsheim , Hereditary Marshal of the Paderborn Monastery
  • Stecke , Hereditary Marshal of the Duchy of Kleve before 16th century
  • Thumb von Neuburg , Hereditary Marshal of the Duchy of Württemberg since 1507
  • Thurn and Taxis , Hereditary Marshal of the Province of Hainaut
  • Velen , Hereditary Marshal of Flanders
  • Veltheim , Hereditary Marshal of the Duchy of Magdeburg
  • Wagensperg wagon , Obrister Erbland-Marshal in Carinthia since 1619
  • Walsee , Hereditary Marshal to Austria
  • Westernach , Hereditary Marshal of the Hochstift Augsburg
  • Züle , Hereditary Marshal of the Duchy of Saxony-Lauenburg until 1466

See also

  • Drost , his office was comparable to that of a Hereditary Marshal

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. a b c d e f g h i Institute for German Adels Research, entries in the nobility lexicon from the 19th century
  2. Jakob Christoph Beck : Neu-Vermehrtes Historisch- und Geographisches Allgemeine Lexicon , p. 1075
  3. ^ Leopold von Zedlitz-Neukirch : New Prussian Adels Lexicon , p. 6
  4. Rolf Straubel : Nobles and civil officials in the Frederician judicial and financial administration. Selected aspects of a social restructuring process and its background (1740–1806) (=  publications of the Brandenburg State Main Archives . Volume 59 ). BWV Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-8305-1842-6 , p. 307 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  5. ^ Johann Gottfried Biedermann : Gender Register of the Reichs-Frey-Immediate Knights , 1747, p. 198
  6. Karl Friedrich Hohn: Geographical-statistical description of the Upper Main District , 1827, p. 338
  7. Johann Carl Sigmund Holzschuher: Collection of some messages from the chapel on the Gottes-Acker , 1788, p. 22
  8. Nikolaus Haas : History of the Slaven country on the Aisch and the Ebrach curses , p. 313
  9. ^ Carl Günther Ludovici : Large complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts , Sp. 1736
  10. 1315 enfeoffed by Ludwig the Bavarian with the patronage of Ehingen: RI VII ( Memento of the original of March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Ludwig the Bavarian (1314–1347) - [RI VII] H. 5 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.regesta-imperii.de
  11. ^ Johann Nepomuck Franz Anton von Raiser : Drusomagus, - Satum, and Roman antiquities , p. 30 ff.
  12. ^ Alliance coat of arms Georg Notthracht-Margaretha, Herr Manngen Marschalkhen von Hochen Reichen daughter
  13. ^ Johann Christian von Hellbach : Adels-Lexikon volume 2, p. 99
  14. ^ Johann Christian von Hellbach : Adels-Lexikon , Volume 2, p. 96
  15. “John III. Marshal von Waldeck 1364, Lorch ”. Grave monuments in Hesse until 1650. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  16. The manor house in Groß Kreutz .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archivesInfo: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 147 kB)@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / kirchengemeinde-gross-kreutz.de  
  17. Thuringian State Archives Rudolstadt: Loan letters from the von Hopfgarten family (No. 26 and 30)
  18. ^ Georg Christian Gebauer : Life and memorable deeds of Mr. Richards: Elected Roman Kaysers , p. 513
  19. Yearbook of the Art History Collections of the Very Highest Imperial House 1887 p. 330
  20. Family tree
  21. ^ Carl Günther Ludovici : Large complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts , 1734, p. 633
  22. Johann Samuelersch u. a .: General Encyclopedia of Sciences and Arts , 1834, p. 165 f.
  23. ^ Bernhard Peter: The coats of arms of the Eggenberg, barons and princes .
  24. Solver. In: Johann Heinrich Zedler : Large complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts . Volume 18, Leipzig 1738, column 205 f.
  25. Regesta Imperii: RI XIV Maximilian I. (1486 / 1493-1519) - RI XIV, 3.2 ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.regesta-imperii.de
  26. ^ A b Wilhelm Ostermann: Principles of Prussian constitutional law ( books.google.de )
  27. ^ Bernhard Peter: Graz, Landhaus, Landstubentrakt