Reichserbmarschall
The office of Imperial Hereditary Marshal was one of the hereditary offices provided in the Holy Roman Empire to represent the electors .
Arch office and inheritance
Each of the lay electors held a certain addition to its role in the election of the king Erzamt . He was able to be represented by an old noble family in the exercise of this ceremonial office at the imperial coronation. In these families, the deputy offices were passed on, hence the term inheritance .
The office of Archmarschall ( Archimareschallus ) was exercised by the Elector of Saxony . His official sign was two crossed red swords. The elector passed on the execution of the ceremonies of his office as inheritance to the Pappenheimer family . These then also carried the two red swords in the first and fourth fields of their coat of arms.
The lords and later imperial counts of Pappenheim from the Altmühltal had a special function as hereditary marshals at the imperial coronation ceremony. Like the other representatives of noble families on behalf of the electors, they had to wear one of the imperial insignia (Erbtruchseß were the Counts of Waldburg , Erbschenk the taverns from Limpurg and hereditary treasurers from Bolanden-Falkenstein ).
The imperial hereditary marshal was supposed to wear the imperial sword at the coronation . At the coronation meal he rode on horseback into a heap of oats that had to reach the horse's stomach. This symbolized that the imperial stables were well supplied with food. The oats were then distributed among the people.
The family presumably had the hereditary marshal's office as early as 1100. Henricus de Pappenheim, who is mentioned in documents from 1138 to 1147, was named marshal for the first time in a document from 1141. Another Heinrich von Pappenheim called himself Marshal by the grace of God of the imperial court and the Duchy of Swabia in 1263 .
The last Imperial Hereditary Marshal from the Pappenheim family was Karl Graf zu Pappenheim (* 1771), who held the office in 1792 at the coronation of Franz II , the last Roman-German emperor.
Hereditary Marshal
As for the imperial hereditary marshal for the imperial court, there were also hereditary marshals for the electors, archbishops, bishops, dukes, collegiate prelates, abbeys and other imperial estates. In Austria , today's federal states of Upper Austria / Lower Austria, Styria, Carinthia and Tyrol had their own hereditary offices.
In many territories of the Holy Roman Empire noble families therefore led the feudal honorary title of Erbmarschalls or Erblandmarschalls , see also List of the Erbmarschallstitel leading families . As a rule, however, this was not associated with any official function, but at most with ceremonial privileges. In Bavaria , the lords and later imperial barons of Gumppenberg were granted the hereditary marshal dignity of Upper Bavaria in 1411 , which they exercised until 1808. In Hesse , knight Heinrich von Eisenbach became hereditary marshal in 1343 , in 1422 the office went to the brothers Eckhard II. And Friedrich von Röhrenfurth , and finally in 1432 to the knight Hermann II. Riedesel, Eckhard's son-in-law. The Riedesel family exercised the office uniformly for all of Hesse until its abolition in 1918. Even today, the chairmanship of the Althessian knighthood is nominally bound to the heir of the title.
Official
Holder of the deputy office of the Reichserbmarschall:
- Veit zu Pappenheim (1535–1600)
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hereditary Marshal . In: Heinrich August Pierer , Julius Löbe (Hrsg.): Universal Lexicon of the Present and the Past . 4th edition. tape 5 . Altenburg 1858, p. 815 ( zeno.org ).
literature
- Haupt Graf zu Pappenheim: Regesten of the early Pappenheim marshals from the XII. until the XVI. Century . 1927
