Riedesel

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Family coat of arms of the Riedesel barons of Eisenbach

The originally knightly family of the Riedesel barons zu Eisenbach (Riedesel FzE) belongs to the Hessian nobility . The oldest mention of a Riedesel has come down to us from the area west of Marburg ; later, there are reports of possessions and notarizations from the areas of Ziegenhain , Kassel and Melsungen .

The Riedesel provided the Hereditary Marshal of Hesse from 1432 . The oldest male member of the Riedesel FzE in years was the title holder. The family has been a member of the Althessian Knighthood since 1532 until today. Nominally, the Knighthood is still presided over by the Hereditary Marshal of Hesse. In 2006 Kraft Riedesel was Freiherr zu Eisenbach Hereditary Marshal of Hesse in this position.

The Riedesel led as titled nobility the " Freiherrn " without the usual "from", since the name is derived from the coat of arms or a nickname , not from an ancestral castle.

history

origin

With Ditmarus Ridesil, the family is first mentioned in a document around 1226. The family line begins with the knight Johann Riedesel, who was wealthy in the landgrave of Kassel in 1293 and in the Melsung area in 1308 .

Lauterbach-Eisenbach line and possessions

Eisenbach Castle
Lauterbach Castle
Ludwigseck Palace
Stockhausen Castle
Castle Altenburg (Alsfeld)

When the lords of Eisenbach died out in the male line at Schloss Eisenbach with Rörich II. Von Eisenbach , the knight Hermann II. Riedesel (1407–1463), known as the "Golden Knight", became the new bailiff of the Fulda possessions in the Lauterbach area . The marriage of his son Johann to Rörich's daughter Margarete shortly before Rörich's death and his prudent and energetic policy, which also included the severance pay for the other three Eisenbach daughters and their husbands (including one von Buchenau ), secured the entire area around Lauterbach for his family, including the castles Eisenbach , Lauterbach , Ludwigseck and Stockhausen . In 1432, Hermann also obtained the hereditary position of Landgrave Hessian Hereditary Marshal in his family . However, since the first Eisenbach's fief to various feudal lords home fell and were of those awarded in part to other followers, rounding off the Riedesel's reign lasted but for a time; so came z. B. the Mooser Grund as a fief of the Palatine Wittelsbacher to the Riedesel in 1466 . Dispute over the scope and boundaries of the former iron Bacher fief, in particular with the Abbey of Fulda , led in the years 1465-1471 to bloody clashes between the abbey and the Riedesel, with most villages between Lauterbach and Fulda, and especially in the controversial court Moos , were devastated. The feud even became part of the Hessian fratricidal war from 1469 , since Ludwig II. The Riedesel, his brother Heinrich III. but the abbey supported.

Even in the 16th century there were serious disputes with the Fulda Abbey, which gave the bailiwick (secular jurisdiction). In 1527 Hermann IV. Riedesel introduced the Reformation . The course of the Reformation in the Riedeselland did not go smoothly. The contrast between the two brothers Hermann IV and Theodor Riedesel - the former a supporter of Luther, the latter a defender of Catholic doctrine - became apparent, which soon resulted in open hostility. This went so far that they only entered the chapel in Schloss Eisenbach through different doors in order not to meet. It was only after her death that Hermann V. Riedesel, son of Hermann IV, finally succeeded in enforcing the Reformation. Until around 1560, all members of the Riedesel family accepted the Protestant faith. The evangelical church ordinance issued by them in 1557 prescribed that the subjects go to the Lord's Supper at least once a year. As a result of the Reformation there was a complete break with the Catholic Fulda. The abbot from Fulda tried in vain to bring Lauterbach back under his rule. In 1548 Fulda conquered the city of Lauterbach in a coup. The Riedesel did everything in their power to regain possession of the city in years of unsuccessful trials. With the help of the powerful Protestant Count of Oldenburg , they managed to regain control of Lauterbach by force in 1552. The unclear legal situation was only ended in 1684 with the conclusion of a contract between the Fulda Abbey and the Riedesel. The Vogtei Lauterbach was declared a fiefdom and transferred to the Riedesel, who belonged to the Franconian knighthood , which was directly part of the empire and who were raised to the baron status that year , as independent rulers. The rule of Riedesel was de facto an independent state and existed until 1806. Then it was mediatized and incorporated into the province of Upper Hesse of the Grand Duchy of Hesse .

The Eisenbach line is divided into branches

With the death of Hermann IV. Riedesel (1481–1529) the division of the Riedesel to Eisenbach line into four branches or houses began. The founder of the House of Hermannsburg (in Stockhausen) was its eldest son, Johann Riedesel (1531–1550) . His younger brother Volprecht Riedesel (1500–1580) formed the other branch: His only son Konrad Riedesel (1546–1593) had three sons, the founders of the Ludwigseck family ( Volprecht Riedesel (1578–1632) ), the Altenburg family ( Georg Riedesel (1580–1631) ) and the house of Burg (in Lauterbach) ( Johann Riedesel (1588–1632) ). In 1586 the brothers Johann and Volprecht signed an inheritance contract for the house of Hermannsburg and the brothers Georg and Konrad, according to which the ownership of both lines should remain undivided as a family entourage. The senior of the house, the hereditary marshal, was head of the Riedesel estate . For family matters there was an annual meeting of the male Riedesels in Lauterbach.

Both branches expanded Eisenbach Castle into a palace in the 16th century. Lauterbach Castle, which dates from the Gothic period, was also converted into a castle with a Renaissance portal from 1580 to 1581. The Hermannsburg in Stockhausen was built in the 16th century and replaced by today's classicist castle between 1770 and 1801. Altenburg Castle near Alsfeld was pledged for a long time until Hermann XVI in 1681. Riedesel moved into the castle. All four castles still belong to the Barons Riedesel zu Eisenbach. Ludwigseck Castle, which was completed in 1419, was partially destroyed in the Thirty Years' War and then rebuilt as a castle around 1677, which was historically renovated in the 19th century; In the 1980s, Ludwigseck was inherited by the von and zu Gilsa family .

Elevation of rank

Since 1680, the Riedesel have been listed as Riedesel Freiherren zu Eisenbach in the Imperial Barons. Until the mediatization in 1806 they ruled the Lauterbach area directly from the empire. The Eisenbach Castle there remained in common ownership of all three family lines - Ludwigseck (which went out in the 1980s), Altenburg and Lauterbach Castle - of the entire Riedesel family. Their extensive possessions stretched from today's district of Hersfeld-Rotenburg over the Vogelsbergkreis to south of the Vogelsberg .

Hessian hereditary marshal

The coat of arms of the Riedesel zu Eisenbach, hereditary marshals of Hesse above the church door of Landenhausen ( Wartenberg )

In 1432, following Eckhard II von Röhrenfurth , his son-in-law Hermann II. Riedesel (1407–1463) was enfeoffed with the hereditary court office of the Hessian Hereditary Marshal since 1343 . Until 1918, the end of the monarchy in Hessen-Darmstadt, the oldest male Riedesel of the entire family held this office. Since 1918, Hereditary Marshal of Hesse has only been a courtesy title, which is still nominally associated with the position of the highest-ranking member of the Althessian knighthood that still exists today .

The hereditary marshal's office was also undivided after the state was divided into Hessen-Kassel (later Electorate of Hesse ) and Hessen-Darmstadt (later Grand Duchy of Hesse ) and was thus continued to be exercised by the oldest Riedesel in the two principalities. The hereditary marshal was later a member of the first chamber in the Hessian estates (chamber parliaments). After the annexation of Kurhessen by Prussia in 1866, the Hereditary Marshal also took a seat in the Prussian manor house . In contrast to the Berlepsch family (hereditary treasurers of Hesse), the Riedesel did not accept any foreign (not Hessian) title of count.

Other lines (except Eisenbach)

Other Riedesel lines (to Camberg , to Bellersheim , who were also Burgmannen of Friedberg Castle , to Josbach , to Vers, etc.) held offices 1300–1600 in Hesse and Westphalia. Some coats of arms can be found in the Elisabeth Church in Marburg . As a noble tribe, they were extinct before 1700.

  • Philipp Eberhard Riedesel died in 1628 as the last in Camberg
  • Johann Gotfrid Riedesel died in 1640 as the last in Bellersheim

It is unclear whether the numerous Riedesel families in the old district of Wittgenstein and the Riedesel descended from them and now living in the United States are actually descendants of the Riedesel zu Josbach. This theory, formulated more as a question, revolves mainly among the descendants of the middle-class Riedesel from the Wittgenstein area who emigrated to the United States.

coat of arms

The family coat of arms shows in gold a black donkey's head turned forward with three reed leaves in its mouth. On the helmet with the black and gold covers there is an open black flight , each with a gold label on which the donkey's head is repeated.

Personalities

Hereditary Marshal

image number Hereditary Marshal Term of office Life dates annotation
6th Hermann II. Riedesel 1432-1463 1407-1463 Son-in-law of Eckhardt II von Röhrenfurth
7th Hermann III. and Georg I. Riedesel (brothers) 1463-1500 Georg † 1482/1483
8th Hermann IV. Riedesel 1500-1529 1481-1529
9 Theodor Riedesel zu Eisenbach 1529-1531
10 Johann II. Riedesel 1531-1550 1490-1550
Lauterbach City Church Epitaph 347.JPG 11 Volpert Riedesel 1550-1563 1500-1563 Wife Apollonia b. Waldpott von Bassenheim (1510–1571 / 82), children: Georg IV von Riedesel zu Eisenbach , Hermann VII, Hans Volprecht I, Konrad II, Anna (married von Cronberg, later von Berlepsch), Maria, Apollonia; Tomb in the Lauterbach church
12 Adolph Hermann Riedesel zu Stockhausen and Hermannsburg 1563-1582
13 (8) George IV of Riedesel zu Eisenbach 1582-1589 (before 1563 - February 6, 1589 in Ersrode ) 1566 to 1568 Hessian council; in 1st marriage with Anna Rau von Holzhausen , in 2nd marriage before / around 1589 with Margarete von Boyneburg-Hohenstein zu Jestädt (1565–1623), died shortly afterwards
14 (9) Johann III. Riedesel zu Hermannsburg 1589-1609 1544-1609
15 (10) Volprecht II. Riedesel zu Eisenbach zu Hermannsburg 1609-1610 also Volpert
Volprecht Riedesel zu Eisenbach (1578-1632) .jpg 16 (11) Volprecht IV. Riedesel zu Eisenbach the Middle zu Ludwigseck 1610-1632 1578-1632 also Volpert
17 (12) Georg Riedesel zu Eisenbach zu Hermannsburg 1632-1640 1588-1640 Son of Volprecht II.
Kurt Riedesel zu Eisenbach (1603-1665) .jpg 18 (13) Kurt Riedesel zu Ludwigseck 1640-1665 1603-1665
19 (14) Johann Riedesel zu Altenburg 1665-1676
20 (15) Johann Riedesel zu Eisenbach (1624–1691) zu Lauterbach 1676-1691 1624-1691
21 (16) Volpert Riedesel zu Eisenbach zu Ludwigseck 1691-1698 1628-1698
Hermann Adolph Riedesel zu Eisenbach (died 1707) .jpg 22 (17) Hermann Adolph Riedesel zu Eisenbach zu Lauterbach 1698-1707 died 1707
Georg Riedesel Freiherr zu Eisenbach (1657-1724) .JPG 23 (18) Georg Riedesel zu Eisenbach zu Lauterbach 1707-1724 1657-1724
Jost Volprecht Riedesel zu Eisenbach (1663-1733) .jpg 24 (19) Jost Volprecht Riedesel zu Eisenbach zu Ludwigseck 1724-1733 1663-1733 also Hans Volpert
Adolph Hermann Riedesel Freiherr zu Eisenbach (1675-1734) .JPG 25 (20) Adolph Hermann Riedesel zu Eisenbach zu Sickendorf 1733-1734 1675-1734
Hermann Riedesel Freiherr zu Eisenbach (1682-1745) .JPG 26 (21) Hermann XVIII. Riedesel zu Eisenbach zu Lauterbach 1734-1745 1682-1745
Hermann Riedesel Freiherr zu Eisenbach (1682-1751) .JPG 27 (22) Hermann XIX. Riedesel zu Eisenbach zu Altenburg 1745-1751 1682-1751
Friedrich Georg Riedesel Freiherr zu Eisenbach (1703-1775) .JPG 28 (23) Friedrich Georg Riedesel zu Eisenbach zu Ludwigseck 1751-1775 1703-1775
Georg Ludwig Riedesel Freiherr zu Eisenbach (1725-1800) .JPG 29 (24) Georg Ludwig Riedesel zu Eisenbach zu Altenburg 1775-1800 1725-1800
Johann Conrad Riedesel Freiherr zu Eisenbach (1742-1812) .JPG 30 (25) Johann Conrad Riedesel zu Eisenbach 1800-1812 1742-1812
Karl Georg Riedesel Freiherr zu Eisenbach (1746-1819) .JPG 31 (26) Carl Georg Riedesel zu Eisenbach 1812-1819 1746-1819 Karl too. President of the Hessian state parliament from 1815/16
32 (27) Ludwig Riedesel zu Eisenbach zu Ludwigseck 1820-1825
33 (28) August Riedesel zu Eisenbach zu Lauterbach 1779-1843 President of the constituent assembly of the Kurhessian Estates
29 Friedrich Riedesel zu Eisenbach 1782-1853 Member of the Electoral Hessian Estates Assembly, the 1st Chamber of the Estates of the Grand Duchy of Hesse
30th Ludwig Volprecht Riedesel zu Eisenbach 1806-1858 Member of the 1st Chamber of the Estates of the Grand Duchy of Hesse
31 Georg Riedesel zu Eisenbach 1812-1881 Member of the Electoral Hessian Estates Assembly, the 1st Chamber of the Estates of the Grand Duchy of Hesse and the Prussian Manor House
32 Giesebert Riedesel zu Eisenbach 1813-1885 Member of the 1st Chamber of the Estates of the Grand Duchy of Hesse and the Prussian Manor House
Georg Riedesel zu Eisenbach (1845–1897) .jpg 33 Georg Riedesel zu Eisenbach 1845-1897 Member of the 1st and 2nd chambers of the state estates of the Grand Duchy of Hesse and the Prussian manor house
34 Ludwig Riedesel zu Eisenbach 1846-1924 Member of the 1st Chamber of the Estates of the Grand Duchy of Hesse and the Prussian Manor House
35 Volprecht Riedesel zu Eisenbach 1852-1939 Member of the Electoral Hesse State Assembly and the Municipal Parliament

Other

  • Epitaph for Hermann IV. (Died 1560) and Margarethe Riedesel in the Protestant town church in Lauterbach

  • Epitaph for Volprecht I (died 1563) and Apollonia Riedesel

  • Epitaph for Hans Volprecht (died 1569) and Anna Riedesel

  • Epitaph for Conrad II. (Died 1593), Elisabeth and Anna Riedesel

Street names

In Allendorf (Eder) , Darmstadt , Kassel , Lauterbach , Starnberg and Cambridge in the USA there are Riedeselstraßen, which are named after the noble family.

Historical sources

The Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt (HStAD) preserves the historical, written records of the Riedesel zu Eisenbach family. The family archive came to Darmstadt as a deposit from Lauterbach between 1992 and 1996 . There it forms the inventory F 27 (Herrschaft Riedesel zu Eisenbach), whose approx. 750 linear meters of files are divided into nine subdivisions:

  • HStAD F 27 A Herrschaft Riedesel zu Eisenbach - Samtarchiv
  • HStAD F 27 B Lordship of Riedesel zu Eisenbach - official books and invoices
  • HStAD F 27 C Lordship of Riedesel zu Eisenbach - other families
  • HStAD F 27 D Lordship of Riedesel zu Eisenbach - Burgsamtarchiv
  • HStAD F 27 E Lordship of Riedesel zu Eisenbach - Linien
  • HStAD F 27 F Lordship of Riedesel zu Eisenbach - Rentkammer
  • HStAD F 27 G Herrschaft Riedesel zu Eisenbach - Castle private archive
  • HStAD F 27 H Lordship of Riedesel zu Eisenbach - pension administration
  • HStAD F 27 I Lordship of Riedesel zu Eisenbach - forest administration

In addition, a document department (HStAD B 13) with more than 1350 documents and a map and plan department (HStAD P 27) were set up.

In other stocks, e.g. B. HStAD E 12 (nobles and gentlemen), information on family history can also be found.

literature

  • The Riedesel zu Eisenbach. 7 volumes:
  1. Eduard Edwin Becker: From the first appearance of the name to the death of Hermann III. Riedesel 1500. Offenbach / Main 1923.
  2. Eduard Edwin Becker: Riedeselisches Urkundenbuch 1200 to 1500. Offenbach / Main 1924.
  3. Eduard Edwin Becker: From the death of Hermann III. Riedesel 1501 until the death of Konrad II in 1593. Offenbach / Main 1927.
  4. Fritz Zschaek: From the death of Konrad II to the treaty with Hessen-Darmstadt 1593–1713. Giessen 1957.
  5. Karl Siegmar von Galéra: From the Empire to the Rhine Confederation 1713–1806. Neustadt / Aisch 1961.
  6. Karl Siegmar von Galéra: Paths to New Forms of Life 1806–1918. Neustadt / Aisch 1965.
  7. Karl-August Helfenbein: The velvet family and their companies in republican forms of government 1918–1965. Lauterbach 2003.
  • From the Freiherrl. Riedeselschen goods. In: Johann Ernst Fabri , Karl Hammerdörfer (Ed.): Historical and geographical monthly. First to sixth piece , Halle u. a. 1788, pp. 117-123.
  • German Adelsarchiv (ed.): Genealogical manual of the nobility . Vol. 122: Adelslexikon XI Pre-Rok, Starke, Limburg (Lahn) 2000, ISBN 3-7980-0822-1 .
  • Rudolf Buttlar-Elberberg: Family Tables Riedesel IV. In: Family Book of the Althessian Knighthood. 1888, pp. 129-137.
  • Georg Helwich: Genealogia or birth line of the clock old noble family of the Riedesel von Camburg , Franckfurt 1631. ( Online )
  • Georg Landau : The Hessian knight castles and their owners , Volume 4, Cassel 1839, therein: Die Riedesel , pp. 1–77
  • Samuel Wilhelm Oetter: Historical news of the house and coat of arms of Mr. Riedesel, barons from and to Eisenbach , Tübingen 1778 ( digitized version )
  • Paul Riedesel and Stefan Hermann Riedesel: The origin of the name Riedesel in the county of Wittgenstein: Known and new theories. In: Wittgensteiner Heimatverein : Wittgenstein. Vol. 71 (2007), No. 4, pp. 140-155.
  • Paul Riedesel and Stefan Hermann Riedesel: Why was Mannus Riedesel so close to the Count's House of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg? In: Wittgensteiner Heimatverein: Wittgenstein. Vol. 76 (2012), Issue 1, pp. 13-15.
  • Stefan Hermann Riedesel and Paul Riedesel: The Origin of the Name Riedesel in the County of Wittgenstein: New Findings on Its Origin. In: Wittgensteiner Heimatverein: Wittgenstein. Vol. 78 (2014), Issue 2, pp. 68-83.
  • Ernst Wagner: The Riedesel zu Josbach and its Josbach family estates. In: Working group of the family history societies in Hessen (Hrsg.): Hessische Familienkunde . Vol. 7 (1964-1965), Issues 1, 2 and 4th
  • Ernst Heinrich Kneschke : New general German nobility lexicon . Volume 7, Friedrich Voigt's Buchhandlung, Leipzig 1867, pages 500–502. ( Digitized version )
  • Johann Maximilian Humbracht, Georg Helwich, Georg F. von Greifenclau zu Vollraths: The highest adornment of Teutsch-Land, and the excellence of the Teutsche nobility, presented in the Reichs-Freyen Rhenish knights, also out of the same descended and adjoining generations, so sworn to high stiffers , or 150 years ago Praiseworthy Knights were incorporated, Stamm-Taffeln and Wapen. Franckfurt am Mayn, 1707, p. 114 online at the MDZ

See also

Web links

Commons : Riedesel  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Art. 24 Rhine Confederation Act .
  2. ^ Karl Siegmar von Galéra: Die Riedesel zu Eisenbach: Vom Reich zum Rheinbund 1713–1806, 1961, S. 142–144
  3. ^ Damian Hartard von Hattstein: Die Hoheit des Teutschen Reichs-Adels , 1751, p. 439. online in the Google book search
  4. ^ Damian Hartard von Hattstein: Die Hoheit des Teutschen Reichs-Adels , 1751, p. 438. online in the Google book search
  5. ↑ The numbering is based initially on the representation of Landau. However, this does not correspond to the current count. From point 25 (20), the current counting method is therefore indicated (initially in brackets)
  6. ↑ Certificate: HStAD inventory R 4 No. 21533  In: Archive Information System Hessen (Arcinsys Hessen).
  7. ↑ Georg IV. Riedesel 1589, Ersrode. Grave monuments in Hesse until 1650 (as of February 19, 2006). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on November 19, 2018 .
  8. ^ EE Becker: Die Riedesel zu Eisenbach , Darmstadt 1936
  9. ^ Riedesel zu Eisenbach, Margarete. Hessian biography (as of April 21, 2017). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on November 19, 2018 .
  10. ^ "Riedesel zu Eisenbach, Adolph Hermann Freiherr". Hessian biography. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  11. ^ "Riedesel Freiherr zu Eisenbach, Hermann XVIII.". Hessian biography. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  12. ^ "Riedesel zu Eisenbach, Hermann XIX. Freiherr ". Hessian biography. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  13. ^ "Riedesel zu Eisenbach, Friedrich Georg Freiherr". Hessian biography. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  14. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Ruppel / Groß: Hessian MPs ...
  15. ↑ Inventory overview "Herrschaft Riedesel zu Eisenbach" Archive Information System Hessen, accessed January 7, 2015
  16. ↑ Inventory overview "Aristocracy and Standesherren" Archive Information System Hessen, accessed January 7, 2015