Ziegenhain (Schwalmstadt)
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Goat grove
City of Schwalmstadt
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| Height : | 212 m above sea level NHN |
| Area : | 11.32 km² |
| Residents : | 4108 (Dec. 31, 2013) |
| Population density : | 363 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | December 31, 1970 |
| Postal code : | 34613 |
| Area code : | 06691 |
The former residence and district town of Ziegenhain has been a district of Schwalmstadt in the north Hessian Schwalm-Eder district since December 31, 1970 .
geography
Geographical location
Ziegenhain is located west of the Knüllgebirge in the Schwalm landscape on the middle course of the Schwalm tributary of the Eder .
Neighboring communities
In the west it borders on Ascherode , in the northeast on Rörshain , in the east on Nieder Grenzebach , in the southeast on Trutzhain (all districts of Schwalmstadt), in the south on the Willingshausen districts Steina , Loshausen and Ransbach .
Road link
It is located on federal highways 454 and 254 .
Flood retention basin
To protect against flooding, the Treysa-Ziegenhain flood retention basin was created to the west and south-east of the town center on the Schwalm.
history
Origin and development up to the beginning of the 20th century
Ziegenhain was created in the 11th century to secure a passage over the Schwalm, and the Counts of Cigenhagen were mentioned for the first time in 1144. In 1275 Ziegenhain was granted city rights.
After the death of Johann II , the last Count of Ziegenhain, in 1450 the county and with it the town of Ziegenhain fell to the Landgraviate of Hesse . Count von Ziegenhain is still part of the title in the Hessian princely house .
Landgrave Ludwig II (“the frank one”) of Hesse had the castle in Ziegenhain converted into a palace in 1470. His grandson Philip I made them from 1537 to 1548 to a water keep expanding, and this was up to her by Napoleon decreed razing 1807 Hessian main fortress.
During the Seven Years' War , the Hessian army had to evacuate the Ziegenhain fortress during the advance of French troops. In an unsuccessful attempt to recapture Hesse in 1761, the fortress was set on fire and 47 buildings were destroyed in the process. The reconquest was not successful until 1762.
To the east of the fortified city district, the suburb of Weichau arose , which by the end of the 16th century was already larger than Ziegenhain in terms of the number of households. The two districts grew together through further development over the years.
In 1538, at the suggestion of the Strasbourg reformer Martin Bucer, an assembly met in Ziegenhain , which in 1539 adopted the so-called Ziegenhain breed and elders order . With this church discipline , the confirmation and the office of church leader in the Landgraviate of Hesse were introduced. On October 31, 2017, the European State Secretary Mark Weinmeister awarded the place the special designation "Confirmation City Schwalmstadt".
The activity of goldsmiths in Ziegenhain between around 1680 and 1790 is evidence of an economic boom .
In 1728, Landgrave Karl invited the Schwalm farmers to Ziegenhain for a potato and salad dinner to convince them of potato cultivation. Since then, the Ziegenhain Salad Fair has been taking place on the second weekend after Whitsun to commemorate this .
During the time of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Westphalia (1807-1813), Ziegenhain was the capital of the canton of Ziegenhain and the seat of the local court of justice . In 1821 Ziegenhain became the district town of the district of the same name . The district court of Ziegenhain existed until 1943 .
Jewish community
A Jewish community existed in Ziegenhain possibly as early as the second half of the 13th century, but certainly since the second half of the 17th century and then until 1938/40. In the 19th century the community numbered around 100 people, but it steadily decreased after the turn of the century due to emigration. In 1933 there were still 53 Jewish residents living in the city.
In 1853 a synagogue was inaugurated in the Weichau district at Kasseler Straße 28, with a mikveh (ritual bath) on the ground floor. The front building, built in 1835 on the street, contained the teacher's apartment on the upper floor, the classroom and the ritual bath on the ground floor; in the rear building added in 1852/53 was the prayer room with the women's gallery. The community's cemetery was located in the nearby Nieder Grenzebach . An elementary school existed in the synagogue building from 1870 to 1922; after that there was only one religious school. As the end of the community was foreseeable due to increasing emigration and emigration after 1933, the building was sold to a Christian family before 1938. Nevertheless, the building was devastated by SA and NSDAP people during the November pogrom in 1938 . The two remaining Jewish shops and the Jewish apartments were demolished, and the Jewish residents of the two neighboring houses at Kasseler Strasse 23 and 24 were mistreated.
Of the 53 remaining Jewish residents of the city in 1933, six died in Ziegenhain by 1939. All others moved away because of the increasing disenfranchisement and reprisals or emigrated entirely from Germany. In April 1939 the last of them left the city. Of the Jewish people born in Ziegenhain and / or who lived there for a long time, at least 34 died violently during the Nazi era.
Modern times
In 1939 the main camp IX A was established , which served as a transit camp for displaced persons after the Second World War and on whose area the village of Trutzhain was created in 1951 .
As part of the regional reform in Hesse , on December 31, 1970, the two cities of Treysa and Ziegenhain merged with the surrounding villages of Ascherode, Florshain, Frankenhain, Niederbegrenzebach, Rommershausen and Trutzhain on a voluntary basis to form the expanded city of Schwalmstadt. This made Ziegenhain a district of Schwalmstadt. Schwalmstadt thus took over the function of district town from Ziegenhain, but lost it to Homberg when the districts of Ziegenhain , Melsungen and Fritzlar-Homberg were merged to form the Schwalm-Eder district on January 1, 1974 .
Cultural monuments
traffic
Road traffic
The federal highways 254 and 454 , which cross in Ziegenhain, run through Ziegenhain . The next motorway junction ( A 49 ) is near Neuental , about twelve kilometers north of Ziegenhain. The next motorway junction to the south is at Alsfeld on the A5 .
Rail transport
The next train station is in Treysa on the Main-Weser-Bahn . Ziegenhain used to have a north station on the Treysa – Homberg – Malsfeld line (Kanonenbahn) and a south station on the Treysa – Neukirchen – Niederaula – Bad Hersfeld line (Knüllwaldbahn). The Treysa – Wahlshausen section on the former Knüllwald Railway was converted into the Rotkäppchenland cycle path ; No construction work is currently planned on the Treysa – Homberg section.
Glider airfield
In Ziegenhain, in a flood retention basin on the south-eastern edge of the town, the glider airfield “Der Ring” is located . There, the Schwalm aviation association and Akaflieg Frankfurt pursue gliding aviation .
sons and daughters of the town
- Roswitha Aulenkamp (* 1946), composer
- Carl Bantzer (1857–1941), painter
- Friedrich Bender (1924–2008), geologist
- Ernst Bösser (1837–1908), architect and building officer
- Vincent Burek (1920–1975), expressionist painter
- Adam Dietrich (1711–1782), botanist
- Reinhard von Gehren (1865–1930), politician, governor for the province of Hessen-Nassau, member of the Prussian House of Representatives
- Gereon Goldmann OFM (1916–2003), Franciscan priest. He was a member of the Waffen SS and later became known as the Tokyo Ragman
- Hans John (1911–1945), lawyer and resistance fighter against National Socialism
- Heinrich Kaiser (1838–1913), veterinarian and university professor
- Matthias Lesch (* 1961), mathematician
- Heinrich Ruppel (1886–1974), educator and writer
- Klaus Stern (* 1968), documentary filmmaker
- Louis Stern (1847–1922), American entrepreneur and politician
- Julius Weiffenbach (1837–1910), lawyer
- Konrad Widerholt (1598–1667), commander in the Thirty Years' War, defender of the Hohentwiel Fortress
- Albert Wigand (1890–1978), draftsman, collagist and painter
literature
- Ziegenhain found literary mention in Jean Paul's novel Hesperus or 45 Hundposttage : a stray letter from Fenk passed through 15 hands in the novel, including Ziegenhain.
- On the prisoner of war camp in Ziegenhain in February 1945, see Agnes Humbert Notre guerre, souvenirs de Resistance (Tallandier Editions, 2004).
- Some of the filming of the novel The Winter That Was a Summer took place in Ziegenhain. The plot of the novel of the same name by Sandra Paretti begins in Ziegenhain.
- Literature about Ziegenhain in the Hessian Bibliography
Individual evidence
- ↑ Numbers / data / facts on the website of the city of Schwalmstadt ( Memento of the original from January 22, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed January 2016.
- ↑ "Population figures " on the website of the city of Schwalmstadt ( Memento of the original from January 22, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed January 2016.
- ^ F. von Appel: "The former fortress Ziegenhain". In: Journal of the Association for Hessian History and Regional Studies , New Series 25, 1901, pp. 192–320.
- ↑ Confirmation city Schwalmstadt ( Memento of the original from December 1, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , schwalmstadt.de, accessed on November 20, 2017.
- ↑ Götz J. Pfeiffer: Baroque goldsmiths in Ziegenhain. Johann Christoph Wolff, Johann Michael Pletong and Johann Andreas Siegfried . In: Schwalm yearbook . 2020, p. 72-78 .
- ↑ grouping of municipalities to the city "Schwalmstadt" County goat Hein of 7 January 1971 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1971 No. 4 , p. 139 , point 158 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 6.3 MB ]).
Web links
- Ziegenhain district. In: Website of the city of Schwalmstadt
- Ziegenhain, Schwalm-Eder district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
