Putbus (noble family)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Coat of arms of the princes of Putbus

The princes of Putbus are an ancient noble family from the island of Rügen with the ancestral home of Schloss Putbus .

Under the name Podebusk, the lords of Putbus belonged at times to the Danish and Swedish nobility . They were raised to the imperial count status in 1727 , the Swedish count status in 1731, the Swedish count in 1807 and the Prussian princely status in 1815 .

history

Putbus Castle around 1900 (destroyed 1960)
Granitz Hunting Lodge

The noble family zu Putbus is of West Slavic origin and is considered to be a side line of the Rügen princely house . It is derived from Stoislaw I , mentioned in a document in 1193 , who was probably a close relative of Prince Jaromar I of Rügen and is sometimes also regarded as his brother. Should the latter apply, Jaromars father would be Ratislaus von Rügen (approx. 1105–1141), prince of the West Slavic Rans and ancestor of the princes of Rügen, at the same time also the progenitor of the lords (later counts and princes) of Putbus.

Initially, the Lords of Putbus were equal to the Rügen princes in terms of property rights; later a fiefdom developed . The original possessions were near Vilmnitz (today a district of Putbus ) on Rügen and on the mainland near Brandshagen , south of Stralsund. The name Putbus was first mentioned in 1286 and was adopted by all family members by the middle of the 14th century.

The Danish King Erich VI. Menved , feudal lord of the Principality of Rügen, moved in 1309 the Lords of Putbus together with the Lords of Gristow to renounce the inheritance in the event that the Rügen Princely House died out. When this actually happened in 1325, the von Putbus fiefs became the dukes of Pommern-Wolgast , after they had received the principality as a result of the War of the Rügen Succession . With the extinction of the Rügen princes, the von Putbus family quickly gained the leading role among the Rügen noble families. In 1371 a "stone house" ( fixed house ) was mentioned in Putbus. The church in Vilmnitz was used as a burial place for the von Putbus family from 1351 at the latest , until 1860.

The von Putbus family and the Danish nobility had been related to each other since the 13th century. Members of the family were in the Danish service and held high offices. These included Henning II von Putbus , who after the death of Waldemar IV temporarily led state affairs in Denmark, and the Bishop of Odense , Waldemar I.

In 1493 the family split into a Danish (Pridborsche) line under Pridbor V. and a Rügische (Waldemarsche) line under Waldemar II. The Danish Putbus called themselves Podebusk, acquired the Kørup estate in 1410 and the neighboring Einsidelsborg in northern Funen in 1650 . The Waldemarsche line received the Hereditary Marshal's Office for Swedish Pomerania and Rügen in 1652 .

After the Rügische (Waldemarschen) line died out in 1702, the Rügische possessions , which were now part of Swedish Pomerania , went to the Pridborsche line in Denmark in 1704, which was established by Emperor Charles VI in 1727 . was raised to the imperial count status and in 1731 received the Swedish recognition of the count status. The original Putbus Castle from the 14th century was extended Gothic in the 15th century and converted into a three-winged palace complex at the beginning of the 17th century. This complex was almost completely renovated from 1725 for the new Count's House, only the Gothic wing and the Renaissance part remained. As a result of this, as well as the events of the Great Northern War and the Seven Years War, the Putbus reign got into over-indebtedness. In 1780 , Count Malte Friedrich sold the Danish estates, Einsidelsborg and Kørup , to ease her debts .

Monument to Prince Wilhelm Malte I in Putbus Castle Park

His son, Wilhelm Malte I , served as the Swedish governor in Pomerania and was raised to the status of Swedish prince in 1807 . As a result of the Peace of Kiel , Rügen became Danish for a short time in 1814 and became part of Prussia in 1815, not least through the participation of the Prince . In 1817, King Friedrich Wilhelm III confirmed him . the prince status also for Prussia and also the dignity of a hereditary land marshal of Western Pomerania. He was now chairman of the local council of Pomerania and Rügen and retained the title of governor general. Wilhelm Malte I had Putbuss Castle redesigned from 1827 to 1832 in a classical style. The town of Putbus was considerably enlarged by the settlement policy and developed into a classicist residence town (theater, stables, orangery , circus, church, pedagogy, Goor bath house , etc.). From 1838 to 1846 he had the Granitz hunting lodge built. In 1817 he also acquired Spycker Castle . The construction activity under his rule has left unmistakable traces on the island of Rügen until today; there was a cultural and economic boom, in which the prince actively participated with numerous undertakings.

With his death in 1854, the Putbus house became extinct in the male line . Through his daughter Clotilde, who was married to Friedrich Graf von Wylich and Lottum , the title and majorate passed to his grandson Wilhelm Carl Gustav Malte Graf von Wylich and Lottum (1833–1907), who in 1861 was given the name Wilhelm Malte II with royal approval . , Prince and Lord of Putbus , accepted. In 1872 he had Putbus Castle rebuilt after a fire .

His grandson Malte von Veltheim -Lottum inherited the Fürstlich-Putbus'sche Fideikommiss from his aunt Asta, Countess v. Wylich and Lottum, Princess and Mistress of Putbus. The noble houses of Putbus and Veltheim had been married for four generations. On October 20, 1938, the Reich Minister of the Interior gave him, his wife and underage children permission to use the family name “von und zu Putbus”. Malte zu Putbus died in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp in 1945.

His son Franz von und zu Putbus (* 1927 - † 2004) lost in 1945 - in addition to the Wylich-Lottumschen property Lissa Castle near Breslau - through the land reform , the property of the Putbus house, which comprised around one sixth of the island of Rügen, and the had previously been placed under compulsory administration by the Nazi government. After reunification in 1990, he unsuccessfully raised claims in court for the restitution of the extensive properties due to confiscation by the Nazi government. Since 1951 he has held the title of Prince and Lord of Putbus . The name of Prince zu Putbus was not objected to by the German Nobility Law Committee and the family was entered in the Genealogical Handbook of the Nobility at the Princely Houses (Section III). However, Franz bought back one of the cavalier houses on the Circus , the circular square in front of the castle, as well as small parts of his lands. His widow, Michaela Fürstin zu Putbus, b. Countess von Carmer, moved to Rügen after his death in 2004 and took over the management of the property, which their son Malte Fürst zu Putbus (* 1964) took over.

Nobility uprisings

coat of arms

In the golden shield a crowned black ascending eagle on a gold and black geschachten field. On the crowned helmet a crowned black eagle soaring over a gold and black chess board. The coat of arms thus shows a certain similarity to that of the princes of Rügen , but in a different tinge and with an eagle instead of a lion.

The coats of arms of the Counts and Princely also show two wild men armed with clubs and wearing helmets as shield holders . The right helmet wears a crown from which a golden pillar with three peacock feathers rises. The one on the left has a peacock's tail on his helmet.

Historical coats of arms

  • Old coat of arms after the seal of the knight Johannes von Putbus from 1337

  • Family coat of arms of those von Putbus in the Pomeranian Wappenbuch by Julius Theodor Bagmihl

  • Coat of arms of the Freiherrn von Putbus in Danmarks Adels Aarborg 1908

  • Coat of arms of the Imperial Count von Putbus 1723 - after Siebmacher 1857

Name bearer

swell

  1. ↑ The Erblandmarschallamt for Pomerania had since the 14th century Flemming held
  2. ↑ This appears as the only modern creation of a princely house by a Scandinavian monarch.
  3. ^ Prince Wilhelm Malte I married the divorced Countess Luise von Veltheim in 1806; their second daughter Asta (1812–1850) married Franz von Veltheim (1812–1874); their daughter Wanda Maria Freiin von Veltheim-Bartensleben married her cousin Wilhelm Malte II in 1857 ; two of their daughters, Marie and Victoria, in turn married two Veltheims. The latter, Viktoria Countess von Wylich and Lottum (1861–1933), heiress of the Lissa Fideikommisses near Breslau, married Ludolf Heinrich von Veltheim in 1888, who then took the name of Veltheim-Lottum . Their son was Malte zu Putbus .
  4. ↑ FOCUS No. 42 (1997) Putbus-Erbe - Considerable doubts
  5. ↑ Genealogy Putbus

literature

See also

Web links

Commons : Putbus family  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files