Jaromar I.

Jaromar I (* before 1141 ; † before August 1218 ) was the ruling prince on Rügen from 1170 .

Live and act

According to the Pomeranian chronicler Thomas Kantzow , his father was King Ratislaus of Rügen (1105–1141). The Ranen , a West Slavic people, lived on Rügen since the 7th century. In the 12th century they undertook military expeditions to Liubice (pre-settlement of Lübeck) and the Scandinavian coasts. In 1160 Waldemar I of Denmark, the Saxon Duke Heinrich the Lion and the Pomeranian Dukes Casimir I and Bogislaw I concluded a pact to fight the Ranen.

When on June 15, 1168 the Danish army under Waldemar I and Bishop Absalon von Roskilde finally conquered the temple castle at Cape Arkona (later called Jaromarsburg ) after previous campaigns, Jaromar's brother Tezlaw was King of the Rans on Rügen. After negotiations at the instigation of the Bishop of Roskilde, they handed over their Charenza headquarters with the shrines there to the Danes without a fight. By recognizing the sovereignty of the Danish king and accepting Christianity, Tezlaw and Jaromar secured their continued rule over Rügen. The Pomeranian dukes, who were left empty-handed, retaliated by destroying the Ranen headquarters the following year. Tezlaw is mentioned for the last time in written sources in 1170. From 1181 Jaromar I was the sole prince of Rügen.

As vassals of the Danish king, the Ranen took part in several campaigns by Waldemar into the Pomeranian territory in the following years. After the Danish King Canute VI. refused to take the feudal oath to Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa , the Pomeranian Duke Bogislaw I tried to subjugate Rügen with the approval of Emperor. The Pomeranian fleet was defeated in 1184 by the Danish and Rügische in the Greifswalder Bodden . In the same year and the following year, the Danish-Rügen troops made trains to the Pomeranian areas on the Peene and Stettiner Haff . Finally, Bogislaw I. had to recognize the fiefdom of the Danes in 1186. After Bogislaw's death in 1187 Jaromar was in 1189 by Knut VI. appointed guardian of Bogislaw's sons.

Around 1180 Jaromar I resided on the Rugard near Bergen and had the island's first brick church, the Marienkirche, built in Bergen . Originally it was intended as a ruling church ( Palatinate ), but the Jaromar had to change his plans in order not to irritate the Danish feudal lords. In 1193 it was consecrated as the monastery church of the neighboring Cistercian convent of Bergen , which was built at the same time . Jaromar's sphere of influence at this time extended on the mainland to the middle Peene, for example in the countries of Wusterhusen , Loitz , Gützkow , Miserez and Ziethen . Lassan and Ziethen were reassigned to Pomerania by the Danish king after a border dispute with the Dowager Duchess. In 1198 there was another war between Denmark and Pomerania and Brandenburg, which led to the loss of the areas south of the Ryck.

In 1199, Jaromar monks from the Dargun monastery, which was destroyed in 1198, settled in Eldena monastery at the mouth of the Ryck . From the monasteries, the wooded areas north of Ryck and Trebel were colonized with farmers from Lower Saxony, Westphalia and the Altmark in the 13th century . At that time, Rügen was relatively densely Slavic. At the beginning of the 13th century Jaromar promoted Christianization in his domain by building more churches. After his death in 1218 he was buried in the Bergen monastery church.

progeny

Jaromar I married Hildegard of Denmark (documented around 1159), the daughter of Knut V. Magnusson of Denmark (around 1128–1157) and (Sophie?) Sverkersdotter of Sweden.

• Five of his descendants are known by name:
  • Barnuta (* before 1193, † 1236), married (after Kantzow) Slavomira, daughter Mitzlaw II. Von Gützkow
  • Wizlaw I. (* before 1193, † 1255/56)
  • Pybygnew (mentioned only in 1232)
  • Lucia (mentioned only in 1208), married Władysław III. from Poland
  • Zwentopolk (mentioned only in 1207)

literature

• Theodor Pyl :  Jaromar I. and Tezlaw . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 13, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1881, pp. 722-724.
• Joachim Wächter : The Principality of Rügen. An overview. In: Haik Thomas Porada (ed.): Contributions to the history of Western Pomerania. The Demminer Colloquia 1985–1994. Thomas Helms, Schwerin 1997, ISBN 3-931185-11-7 , pp. 299-313.
• Nicolaus von Klemptzen : “Vom Pommer-Lande and its princes”, 1771, including the lineage of the Rügen princes p. 52
• Christian Friedrich Wutstrack : "Description of Vor und Hinterpommern", 1795, addendum 1, table of the Rügen princes p. 6

Web links

• The Wizlawiden - the Slavic dynasty of Rügen . Jens Ruge's private homepage.
• Bogislaw I. . Information about Pomerania at the time of Bogislaw I. on the private homepage Die Greifen. The ducal family of Pomerania by Udo Madsen.
• History of Rügen - from the earliest times to the present day - by Otto Wendler, 1895

Remarks

1. ↑ Hildegard Princess of Denmark
2. ↑ Canute V, King of Denmark (1154-1157)
3. ↑ Sverker I, King of Sweden (1130-1156)

predecessor	Office	successor
Tezlaw	Prince of Rügen 1170–1218	Barnuta