1218
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Calendar overview 1218
Map with all linked sites: | 1218 | |
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| 1218 in other calendars | |
| Armenian calendar | 666/667 (turn of the year July) |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1210/11 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1761/62 (southern Buddhism); 1760/61 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana ) |
| Chinese calendar | 65th (66th) cycle
Year of the Earth Tiger戊寅 ( at the beginning of the year Fire Ox 丁丑) |
| Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam) | 580/581 (turn of the year April) |
| Iranian calendar | 596/597 |
| Islamic calendar | 614/615 (turn of the year March 29/30) |
| Jewish calendar | 4978/79 (September 21/22) |
| Coptic calendar | 934/935 |
| Malayalam calendar | 393/394 |
| Seleucid era | Babylon: 1528/29 (turn of the year April)
Syria: 1529/30 (turn of the year October) |
| Spanish era | 1256 |
| Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar) | 1274/75 (turn of the year April) |
Events
Politics and world events
Damiette crusade
The Fifth Crusade under Johann von Brienne cannot make any progress against the Ayyubids under Sultan Abu-Bakr Malik al-ʿAdil I for months , as they repeatedly avoid an open field battle. On January 10 dies Hugo I of Cyprus , causing its contingent to return home. Also Bohemond IV. Of Antioch , who in the same year Melusine of Jerusalem marries, and Andrew II. Of Hungary return to their home countries in the course of January.
- April / May: The Cologne crusade preacher Thomas Olivier and Count Wilhelm I of Holland arrive in Acre with Dutch, Flemish, Frisian and German crusaders . The crusaders then decide to attack the Ayyubids in Egypt . An alliance with the Muslim Rum Seljuks under Sultan Kai Kaus I. provides that they should attack the Ayyubid Empire at the same time in Syria.
- May 24th : The crusade sets sail from Acre and reaches the Egyptian port city of Damiette three days later. In June, two attacks by the Ayyubids on the crusader camp are repulsed.
Crusader fighting the Saracens in front of Damiette, representation from the Chronica majora by Matthew Paris
- August 24 : The Europeans succeed in conquering the chain tower of Damiette with the help of a ship tower designed by Thomas Olivier . This gives you control over the only navigable branch of the Nile . A few days later, Sultan al-Adil I died, which led to power struggles among the Ayyubids. al-Kamil Muhammad al-Malik finally takes over rule in Egypt, his brother al-Malik al-Mu'azzam 'Isa Sharaf al-Din becomes emir of Syria and Palestine including Jerusalem and al-Malik al-Ashraf Musa receives jazira in Mesopotamian Room.
- August: Cardinal Pelagius von Albano , from Pope Honorius III. appointed leader of the crusade, joins the crusaders with an Italian contingent. A little later he rejects an offer of peace by al-Kamil, which includes the return of Jerusalem and a 30-year truce.
Crusader States
- January 10th : When King Hugo I dies, his successor Heinrich I is just a few months old. His mother Alice de Champagne therefore took over the reign in the Kingdom of Cyprus . Philip of Ibelin is appointed Bailli .
Occitania
- April 15th : After several months of siege of Toulouse , Simon de Montfort , leader of the Albigensian Crusade , begins active attacks on Count Raimund VI. city defended by Toulouse .
- June 7th : Raimund's son Raimund VII. Is able to break through the ring of siege amid the cheers of the population and reinforces the defenders with a contingent of Provencal knights.
- June 24th : Simon de Montfort gives the order to attack the city. The next day, the defenders begin a sortie, in the course of which Simon de Montfort is killed by a boulder from a catapult.
- June 26th : The French crusaders and barons pay homage to Amaury de Montfort as their new leader and heir to all titles and domains of his father. This initially continues the siege.
- July 25th : The siege is lifted. The crusaders retreat to Carcassonne .
- Revolts against the crusaders break out throughout Languedoc and by the end of the year the two Raimunds succeed in regaining control of practically the entire county of Toulouse .
- The French Crown Prince Ludwig takes over the leadership of the Albigensian Crusade .
Iberian Peninsula
- September 8th : Count Sancho of Roussillon resigns from the reign of the minor King James I of Aragon .
Eastern Europe and the Balkans
- February 2 : After the death of his brother Constantine, Yuri II becomes Grand Duke of Vladimir from the Rurikids .
- Ivan Assen II. Displaced Boril the Bulgarian throne and married Maria, daughter of Hungarian King Andrew II.
Asia
- Genghis Khan subjugates the Kara Khitai empire on Lake Balkhash .
- At an imperial assembly of the Mongols , there were violent disputes among Genghis Khan's sons, Dschötschi , Tschagatai , Ögedei and Tolui . Ultimately, an agreement can be reached and Ögedei is contractually determined as heir to the throne. Furthermore, a campaign against the Khorezm Shahs is decided.
City rights and first documentary mentions
- April 15th : The Golden Handfests certificate is issued by King Friedrich II in Frankfurt am Main. Bern receives city rights and becomes a Free Imperial City . The document is said to be a forgery, but the attached imperial seal is real.
- June 24 : The Lubeck city rights for Rostock by Henry I. Borwin confirmed.
- The Zähringer are dying out. Large lands of today's Switzerland fall to the Kyburger (jurisdiction to the Habsburgs ). Bern , Zurich and Solothurn receive city rights and become imperial cities.
- Mandach , Mumpf , Oberdiessbach and Worpswede are first mentioned in a document.
- Werl receives city rights .
science and technology
- The University of Salamanca is founded by King Alfonso IX. founded by León .
Culture
- around 1218: The song of the Albigensian Crusade is completed by an anonymous poet.
religion
- February 10 : Berthold V. von Andechs , up to now Archbishop of Kalocsa , succeeds Wolfger von Erla , who died on January 23, as Patriarch of Aquileia .
- August 6 : The Dominicans in Paris receive a hospice for foreigners (see also pilgrims' hostel ) with a small chapel. The St. Jacques convent (near the university ) was founded
- Petrus Nolascus and Raimund von Peñafort found the Mercedarian Order .
- The Schmerlenbach Monastery is founded by Gottfried von Kugelberg , Provost zu Mockstadt and Archdeacon of Würzburg.
- The Paraclet monastery is founded by Enguerrand II. De Boves .
Born
Date of birth saved
- February 12 : Kujō Yoritsune , Shogun of the Kamakura Shogunate in Japan († 1256 )
- May 1 : Johann von Avesnes , Count of Hainaut († 1257 )
- May 1 : Rudolf I , Count of Habsburg and Roman-German King († 1291 )
- October 30 : Chūkyō , Emperor of Japan († 1234 )
Exact date of birth unknown
- Abel , Duke of Schleswig and King of Denmark († 1252 )
- Bernhard I , Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg († 1287 )
Born around 1218
- Jaromar II , Prince of Rügen († 1260 )
Died
First half of the year
- January 10 : Hugo I , King of Cyprus (* 1195 )
- January 23 : Wolfger von Erla , Bishop of Passau and Patriarch of Aquileia (* around 1140 )
- February 2 : Constantine , Grand Duke of Vladimir (* 1185 )
- February 12 : Alix von Courtenay , Countess of Joigny and Angoulême (* around 1160 )
- February 18 : Berthold V , Duke of Zähringen (* around 1160 )
- March 3 : Dreux IV. De Mello , lord of Saint-Bris and Baulche, later lord of Mello, castellan of Loches and Châtillon-sur-Indre, crusader, connétable of France (* 1138 )
- March 3rd : Rostislaw II , Grand Prince of the Kievan Rus (* 1172 )
- March 6th : Otto I , Bishop of Münster (* around 1170 )
Depiction of Count Theobald in a window of Chartres Cathedral
- April: Theobald VI. , Count of Blois and Châteaudun, Chartres, Clermont-en-Beauvaisis
- May 19th : Otto IV. , Holy Roman Emperor (* around 1170 )
- June 25 : Simon IV. De Montfort , leader of the Albigensian Crusade (* around 1160 )
Second half of the year
- July 6th : Odo III. , Duke of Burgundy (* 1166 )
- July 16 : New Year's Eve , Bishop of Worcester
- July 29th : Ludwig II. , Count of Loon (* around 1165 )
- August 7th : Adolf III. , Count von Berg and Crusader
- August: al-Adil I , Sultan of the Ayyubids in Egypt, Syria and Mesopotamia (* 1145 )
- August 26th : Guillaume de Chartres , Grand Master of the Templar Order (* around 1185 )
- October: Aymar de Lairon , Lord of Caesarea and Marshal of Jerusalem, Marshal of the Hospitaller Order
- December 28 : Robert II , Count of Dreux and Braine (* 1154 )
Exact date of death unknown
- Arnulf von Walecourt , Vogt von Merzig (* around 1145 )
- Friedrich von Baden , Margrave of Verona and Baden, crusader (* around 1167 )
- Gottfried III. , Count of Sponheim (* before 1183)
- Jaromar I. , Prince of Rügen (* before 1141)
- Wilhelm I , Count of Sancerre
Died around 1218
- 1218 or 1219 : Oliver FitzRoy , English nobleman, illegitimate son of Johann Ohneland
Web links
Commons : 1218 - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
