Bohemond IV (Antioch)

Bohemond IV of Antioch called the One-Eyed ( le Borgne ) († March 1233 ) was prince of Antioch from 1201 to 1205, from 1208 to 1216 and again from 1219 until his death. Since 1189 he was also Bohemond I Count of Tripoli .

Bohemund IV. Was the second-born son of Bohemund III. and his second wife Orgueilleuse.

Life

Count of Tripoli

1187 had his older brother Raymond of Antioch after the childless death of Count Raimund III. of Tripoli whose county acquired. As early as 1189, Bohemund III. Raimund returned to his court in Antioch as his eldest son and designated heir of Antioch. In his place, the younger brother Bohemond was installed as Count of Tripoli. Raimund died in 1199, before his father, so that Bohemond inherited the principality of Antioch after his father's death in 1201.

Prince of Antioch

His first reign was marked by dynastic conflicts. His older brother Raimund and his wife, the Armenian princess Alice, had a son, Raimund Ruben , who saw himself as the heir to his father's claims as the legitimate heir to Antioch. Although Raimund Ruben was excluded from the line of succession, Bohemond IV lost the principality to his nephew in 1216, who was supported militarily by his uncle Leo II , the king of Lesser Armenia . Bohemond only regained the principality in 1219.

During the crusade of Emperor Frederick II. 1228/1229, he initially allied himself with the emperor, but later allowed his troops to desert, which earned him the reputation of an unreliable ally, who placed his oaths of loyalty where it was most favorable in the interests of the principality appeared.

Bohemond was also a bitter opponent of the Order of St. John , whose growing influence in his lands he tried to limit, which is why he was in 1230 by Pope Gregory IX. was excommunicated .

Marriage and offspring

Before August 21, 1198, Bohemond married Plaisance von Gibelet († 1217), a daughter of Hugo III. Embriaco , Lord of Gibelet . The couple had six children:

• Raimund (* around 1195; † murdered 1214 in the Cathedral of Tortosa ), Bailli of Antioch;
• Bohemond V († 1252), his successor as Prince of Antioch and Count of Tripoli;
• Philip († poisoned in prison 1226), King of Lesser Armenia ⚭ Isabella of Armenia ;
• Mary ⚭ 1220 Thoros of Lesser Armenia;
• Orgueilleuse († young);
• Heinrich of Antioch († drowned 1276) ⚭ Isabella of Cyprus , father of King Hugo III. of Cyprus (Hugo I of Jerusalem).

In his second marriage, he married Melusine of Jerusalem in January 1218 , the daughter of Amalrich I , King of Cyprus and (as Amalrich II) King of Jerusalem . With her he had three daughters:

• Isabella († young);
• Maria († after 1307), claimed the title of Queen of Jerusalem after the death of Conradin and sold it to Charles of Anjou in 1277 ;
• Helvis († young).

literature

• Steven Runciman : History of the Crusades (= dtv. 4670). 3. Edition. Deutscher Taschenbuch-Verlag, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-423-30175-9 .
• Jean Richard: The Crusades. c. 1071 - c. 1291. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge et al. 1999, ISBN 0-521-62566-1 .

Web links

• Bohemund IV. At medieval-genealogie.de
• Bohemond of Antioch at fmg.ac (English)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Heinz Halm : Caliphs and Assassins. Egypt and the Middle East at the time of the First Crusades, 1074–1171. Beck, Munich 2014, ISBN 978-3-406-66163-1 , p. 329.
2. ^ Lignages d'Outre-Mer . Marciana Ms Francese 20, CC.XCII, p. 68.

predecessor	Office	successor
Raymond IV.	Count of Tripoli 1189–1233	Bohemond II.
Bohemond III.	Prince of Antioch 1201-1216	Raymond II.
Raymond II.	Prince of Antioch 1219–1233	Bohemond V.