1219

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Heads of State · Nekrolog

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1219
In the battle of Lyndanisse the Danes under King Waldemar II against the pagan Estonians , legend has it that the Danebrog falls from the sky.
1219 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	667/668 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1211/12
Buddhist calendar	1762/63 (southern Buddhism); 1761/62 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	65th (66th) cycle Year of the Earth- Rabbit 己卯 ( at the beginning of the year Earth-Tiger 戊寅)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	581/582 (turn of the year April)
Iranian calendar	597/598
Islamic calendar	615/616 (turn of the year 18/19 March)
Jewish calendar	4979/80 (September 11-12)
Coptic calendar	935/936
Malayalam calendar	394/395
Seleucid era	Babylon: 1529/30 (turn of the year April) Syria: 1530/31 (turn of the year October)
Spanish era	1257
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1275/76 (turn of the year April)

Events

Politics and world events

Northern and Eastern Europe

The Baltic Sea Region 1219

• June 15 : Under the pretext of supporting the Fifth Crusade in Palestine , a royal Danish crusader army under Waldemar II wins the battle of Lyndanisse over a contingent of pagan Estonians and builds the city of Tallinn around the fortress Castrum Danorum . According to legend, the Danebrog falls from the sky during the battle and promises victory to the Danes. Allegedly the Danebrogorden was also donated after the battle .

France

• Spring: The Albigensian Crusade under its new leader, the French Crown Prince Ludwig , suffers a heavy defeat at Baziège against the Occitan troops of Count Raimund VI. by Toulouse and Raimund Roger by Foix .

Manuscript page from the song of the Albigensian Crusade with the capture of Marmande

• After conquering the city of Marmande, the crusaders massacre the population.
• June 17th : The crusade troops arrive in Toulouse . After a siege of several weeks, Ludwig breaks off the crusade on August 1st and begins his return journey to northern France. Raymond VI. and his son Raimund VII attacked the remaining crusaders and set out to recapture the Languedoc .

Iberian Peninsula

• July: After Count Sancho von Roussillon resigned the reign of the Crown Aragón last year , Pope Honorius III determined. a new Regency Council for the minor King James I of Aragon . Vice-Count Wilhelm II of Béarn is now in charge of this as procurator. At the same time, ten-year-old Jacob left the castle of Monzón of his own volition and joined one of the competing aristocratic factions of the country in Saragossa, among whose entourage he gained his first combat experience.

Fifth crusade

Giotto : Francis of Assisi preaches to the Sultan al-Kamil

• From February: Sultan Al-Kamil Muhammad al-Malik makes several peace offers to the crusaders who are besieging the Egyptian city ​​of Damiette , including the return of Jerusalem and the surrounding areas and a 30-year ceasefire. But the new leader of Damiette's crusade , Cardinal Pelagius von Albano , refuses to negotiate with the Saracens on principle.
• May 5th : Duke Leopold VI. von Austria leaves the crusade and begins the journey home.
• November 4th / 5th : After a 19-month siege, the Fifth Crusade conquers the Egyptian port city of Damiette . Most of the city's residents died of starvation and disease during the siege; those who remained are now being killed or enslaved.

Grandmaster coat of arms of Pedros de Montaigu

• Pedro de Montaigu succeeds Guillaume de Chartres, who probably died of typhus on August 26 of the previous year before Damiette, as Grand Master of the Templar Order .

Friedrich's promise in Haguenau

• September: King Friedrich II. Repeatedly in Haguenau to Pope Honorius III. his promise made in 1216 to carry out a crusade .

Other events in the Middle East

• May 1st : Isabella , who is only a few weeks old, follows her late father Leo II as Queen of Armenia .

• The Latin regent Jolante von Flanders seeks a peaceful settlement with the warring Greek Emperor of Nicaea , Theodor I. Laskaris , and marries her daughter Maria von Courtenay to them. When Jolante dies a little later, Theodor demands rule over Constantinople , which the Latin barons deny him. Thereupon renewed battles between the two empires. Jolante's son Philip II , Count of Namur , declines the imperial crown offered to him and recommends his younger brother Robert , who is on his way to the east.
• Bohemond IV , Count of Tripoli , drives out his nephew Raimund II. Ruben and becomes again Prince of Antioch .

Mongol Empire

• Beginning of the Mongol war against the Khorezmian Empire
• Genghis Khan conquers Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan .

Japan

• February 13th : Minamoto no Sanetomo , third Shogun of the Kamakura Shogunate in Japan , is murdered by his nephew Minamoto no Yoshinari in Tsurugaoka Hachiman-gū . Hōjō Yoshitoki takes over de facto power in the empire.

City rights and first documentary mentions

• King Frederick II. Explains Nuremberg for free imperial city and gives Annweiler am Trifels the town charter .
• First documentary mention of Aken , railway bridges , Büches , Cama , Crossen , Gernsbach , Grono , Hinterrhein , Limbach , Lostallo , Neuburgweier , Reute , Roveredo , Safien , Santa Maria in Calanca and Weiningen
• Büdingen Castle is first mentioned as a moated castle of the Staufer .

religion

• March 3 : Archbishop Siegfried II of Mainz confirms the founding of the Eppenberg monastery as a subsidiary of the Ahnaberg monastery and takes it under his protection.

The document of King Frederick II of August 15, 1219

• The Romanesque Leonhard Church in Frankfurt am Main is being built after King Friedrich II gave the city a plot of land intended for it on August 15th .

Seal of Waldemar II.

• The Danish King Waldemar II founds the Diocese of Reval . Wesselin becomes the first bishop of the newly founded diocese.
• During the Damiette Crusade, Francis of Assisi preaches in the camp of Sultan Malik al-Kamil .
• The Scottish monastery Deer and the English Hulton Abbey are donated.
• Sava is appointed Orthodox Archbishop of Serbia.

• around 1219: The Franciscans set up a convent in Paris

Disasters

• January 16 : A severe storm surge hits the North Sea coast: around 36,000 to 50,000 people are killed in the First Marcellus Flood . West Frisia is particularly hard hit. Here the North Sea breaks through a naturally formed sand dike, creating the Zuiderzee bay , the IJsselmeer , which is now artificially separated from the North Sea . It is the first major storm surge in the North Sea of ​​which there is an eyewitness report: The Premonstratensian canon Emo von Wittewierum declares the natural event as a “ deluge ” as a punishment “for our crimes” .
• On September 14, the natural barrier at Lac de Saint-Laurent in France breaks and the dammed lake empties. A tidal wave rushes down the Romanche valley to the mouth of the Drac and on to the Isère . Grenoble is largely spared from the first wave, but a backwater occurs in the Isère, which means that the escape route is cut off for the fleeing people. Half of Grenoble's population is killed by the floods.

Born

• September: Baldwin of Avesnes , French nobleman and chronicler († 1295 )

• Isabella of Armenia , Queen of Lesser Armenia († 1252 )
• Yolanda of Hungary , Queen of Aragón († 1251 )

• around 1219: Christopher I , King of Denmark († 1259 )

Died

First half of the year

• February 12 : Robert von Courson , English cardinal, papal legate and chancellor of the University of Paris (* around 1165 )
• February 13 : Minamoto no Sanetomo , Japanese Shogun of the Kamakura Shogunate and poet (* 1192 )

• March 17th : Rudolf I , Count Palatine of Tübingen (* around 1160 )
• April 16 : Hugh de Mapenore , Bishop of Hereford

• May 1st : Leo II , King of Armenia
• May 1st : Rudolf I , Lord of Issoudun and Count of Eu

The reclining figure of William Marshal in Temple Church

• May 14th : William Marshal , English knight of Norman descent, regent and Lord Marshal of England (* 1144 )
• May 24th : Meingoth , abbot of the Cistercian monastery in Ebrach

• June 15th : Theodoric , Bishop of Estonia and founder of the Order of the Brothers of the Sword
• around June 15 : Georg , Count zu Wied and Kreuzfahrer
• June 17th : David of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon , Scottish nobleman (* around 1144 )

Second half of the year

• July 27th : Jean de Béthune , Bishop of Cambrai
• August 13 : Gerhard I , Bishop of Osnabrück and Archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen
• August: Milon IV , Count of Bar-sur-Seine, Vice-Count of Chartres and Lord of Le Puiset (* around 1170 )

• after September 1st: Berthold II , Bishop of Naumburg
• before September 22nd: John de Courcy , Anglo-Norman nobleman, Justiciar of Ireland (* around 1160 )
• October: Walter III. of Châtillon , Lord of Châtillon, Troissy, Crécy, Montjay, Broigny and Pierrefonds, and Count of Saint-Pol

• November 3 : Saer de Quincy, 1st Earl of Winchester , Anglo-Norman nobleman
• November 5th : Hugo IX. , Lord of Lusignan, Count of La Marche and crusader (* 1163 or 1168 )

Exact date of death unknown

• Gauthier II. De Villebéon , Grand Chamberlain of France
• Henry de Gray , English nobleman
• Jolante of Flanders , regent of the Latin Empire of Constantinople and Margravine of Namur
• Casimir II , Duke of Pomerania-Demmin (* around 1180 )
• Raimund III. , Vice Count of Turenne
• Rudolf of Saint-Omer , Seneschal of Jerusalem and titular Prince of Galilee (* 1138 )
• Sigwin , Bishop of Cammin

Died around 1219

• 1217 /1219: Peter of Courtenay , Latin Emperor of Constantinople Opel (* around 1155 )
• 1218 or 1219: Oliver FitzRoy , English nobleman, illegitimate son of Johann Ohneland
• Richalm von Schöntal , Cistercian abbot of the Schöntal monastery

Web links

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