1220
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Calendar overview 1220
Map with all linked sites: | 1220 | |
|---|---|
 Confoederatio cum principibus ecclesiasticis . |
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| 1220 in other calendars | |
| Armenian calendar | 668/669 (turn of the year July) |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1212/13 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1763/64 (southern Buddhism); 1762/63 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana ) |
| Chinese calendar | 65th (66th) cycle
Year of the Metal Dragon庚辰 ( at the beginning of the year Earth-Rabbit 己卯) |
| Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam) | 582/583 (turn of the year April) |
| Iranian calendar | 598/599 |
| Islamic calendar | 616/617 (turn of the year 7/8 March) |
| Jewish calendar | 4980/81 (August 30/31) |
| Coptic calendar | 936/937 |
| Malayalam calendar | 395/396 |
| Seleucid era | Babylon: 1530/31 (turn of the year April)
Syria: 1531/32 (turn of the year October) |
| Spanish era | 1258 |
| Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar) | 1276/77 (turn of the year April) |
Events
Politics and world events
Holy Roman Empire / Kingdom of Sicily
- April 26 : King Friedrich II issues the Confoederatio cum principibus ecclesiasticis , in which he renounces sovereign rights in favor of the ecclesiastical imperial princes . Beginning of territorial rule in the Holy Roman Empire and weakening of the central power. He also approves the burning of “shameful writings” and their authors by law.
- November 22nd : Frederick II is in Rome by Pope Honorius III. crowned Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and his son Henry (VII) elected King. In December, Friedrich sets out for the Kingdom of Sicily . On December 20th, he holds a court day in Capua , where he enacts a collection of 20 laws for the Kingdom of Sicily, the Assises of Capua .
- Eike von Repgow wrote the Sachsenspiegel (until 1231 ) .
Occitania
- During the reconquest of his territories in the county of Toulouse, which had been lost to the Albigensian Crusade , Count Raimund VII conquered for his father Raimund VI. the towns of Lavaur , Puylaurens and then Castelnaudary . In the latter he is trapped and besieged by Amaury de Montfort , whose brother Guy de Montfort is killed in the siege.
Kingdom of England
The death of the regent William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke , last year led to a power struggle within the Regency Council between Peter des Roches and Hubert de Burgh . A large council in Oxford in April finally confirmed a three-member Regency Council, consisting of the papal legate Pandulf as the first counselor and leader of the kingdom, the legal advisor Hubert de Burgh and Peter des Roches as tutor to the underage king.
- May 17th : The twelve year old Heinrich III. is re-crowned King of England in a solemn ceremony by Archbishop Stephen Langton of Canterbury in Westminster Abbey , the ancestral coronation site . After the loss of King Johann Ohneland's treasure, numerous new crown insignia were made for it.
Damiette crusade
- March 19 : After disagreements with Bishop Pelagius von Albano , John von Brienne von Damiette returns to Acre in the Kingdom of Jerusalem to reign over his daughter Isabella II .
- After the sudden death of Kai Kaus I , who was allied with the Crusaders , his brother Kai Kobad I became ruler of the Sultanate of the Rum Seljuks .
Asia
- Mongolian Empire : Genghis Khan founds his capital, Karakoram, in what is now Mongolia . He conquered Khorezmia and destroyed the cities of Bukhara and Samarkand .
City rights and first documentary mentions
- Nordhausen am Harz is elevated to a Free Imperial City on July 27 by King and later Emperor Friedrich II .
- With the takeover of the Soest town charter in Lippstadt , it spreads as Lippe town charter in the state of Lippe .
- Avully , Cartigny , Elbersdorf , Finsterhennen , Graben , Samnaun , Schapbach , Schindellegi , Schöftland , Schrattenthal , Staffelbach and Walkringen are mentioned in a document for the first time.
- Voitsberg in Styria is referred to as civitas for the first time .
- Bulach receives city rights .
- Frankfurt am Main becomes a free imperial city .
economy
science and technology
- Pope Honorius III. founds and orders the medical faculty of Montpellier (subordinated to a bishop; expanded to a full university in 1289 ).
Culture
- April 28 : With the laying of the foundation stone by Bishop Richard Poore , construction of the Gothic cathedral in Salisbury begins in New Sarum . Nikolaus von Ely is the first master builder, and Ellias von Dareham is the manager of the site .
- Bishop Evrard de Fouilloy lays the foundation stone for the new Gothic building of Amiens Cathedral, which burned down in 1218 . The builder Robert de Luzarches , who was probably trained at the Notre-Dame de Paris cathedral, is commissioned to carry out the work .
- around 1220: The Fagrskinna , a book about the history of the Norwegian kings from Halvdan Svarte to the fight with the birch legs , is published.
- Around 1220 to 1260 : The Sicilian poetry school is formed in Palermo at the court of King Frederick II , where cultural and literary influences from southern France ( trobados poetry ) and the Muslim world mix with the Norman and Greek heritage.
religion
- At the General Chapter of the Dominicans in Bologna , propertylessness is made a law of the order. Dominic even suggests leaving the administration of the individual convents to the lay brothers , so that the monks are not distracted from their spiritual activities. But he cannot assert himself with this.
- Francis of Assisi resigns from the leadership of his order .
- The Nikolaikirche in Meißen is first mentioned in a document.
- The construction of the Gothic cathedral of Metz begins at the suggestion of Bishop Konrad III. von Scharfenberg on the ground plan of the Romanesque previous church.
Born
Date of birth saved
- April 1 : Go-Saga , Emperor of Japan († 1272 )
- May 27th : Amicia de Clare , English nobleman and founder of a monastery († 1284 )
- October: Pietro Peregrossi , cardinal of the Catholic Church († 1295 )
- November 11 : Alfonso of Poitiers , Count of Poitou and Count of Toulouse († 1271 )
Exact date of birth unknown
- Adolf IV. , Count von Berg († 1259 )
- William de Braose , cambro-Norman nobleman, Baron von Bramber and Gower († 1291 )
- Gerhard von der Mark , Bishop of Münster († 1272 )
- Johanna , Countess of Toulouse and Margravine of Provence († 1271 )
- Raymundus Martinus , Catalan Dominican, zebzor for Jewish literature († 1285 )
- Bonagiunta Orbicciani , Italian poet († 1290 )
Born around 1220
- James Audley , English magnate, Justiciar of Ireland († 1272 )
- Roger Bacon , English Franciscan and philosopher, empiricist († around 1294 )
- Hugh Bigod , English nobleman, justiciar of the government of the barons († 1266 )
- Thomas de Cantilupe , Lord Chancellor of England and Bishop of Hereford († 1282 )
- Campanus von Novara , Italian astronomer, mathematician, astrologer and doctor († 1296 )
- Ingrid Elovsdotter , Swedish Dominican († 1282 )
- Enzio , King of Sardinia († 1272 )
- Friedrich III. , Burgrave of the medieval burgraviate of Nuremberg († 1297 )
- Friedrich von Haseldorf , Bishop of Karelia and Dorpat († 1285 or 1289 )
- Heinrich IV von Geroldseck , Bishop of Strasbourg († 1273 )
- Hillel ben Samuel , doctor and philosophizing Jewish theologian who worked in Italy († around 1295 )
- Konrad von Rosdorf , Marshal of the County of Henneberg († 1271 )
- Brunetto Latini , Italian statesman, scholar and writer († 1294 )
- Paltram before Freithof , Austrian Ritter and bailiff († 1287 / 1288 )
- Patrick de Chaworth , Anglo-Norman nobleman († 1258 )
- Maredudd ap Rhys , Lord of the Welsh Principality of Deheubarth († 1271 )
- Stefan Uroš I , King of Rascia, the coastal lands and all Serbs († 1277 )
- Ulrich von Strasbourg , Dominican philosopher and theologian († 1277 )
- Walram II , Count of Nassau († 1276 )
- William of Tripoli , author and preacher monk of the Dominicans in the convent of Acre
- 1220/ 1221 : Przemysł I. , Duke of Greater Poland († 1257 )
- 1220/ 1225 : Matilda of Holstein , Queen of Denmark († 1288 )
- 1220/ 1225 : John Peckham , Franciscans and English theologian († 1292 )
- 1220/ 1230 : Dietrich of Apolda , German hagiographer († after 1302)
Died
Date of death secured
- January 16 : Berard of Carbio , Umbrian nobleman, martyr of the Franciscan order
- January 23 : Bogislaw II , Duke of Pomerania (* around 1177 )
- February 25 : Albrecht II , Margrave of Brandenburg (* before 1177)
- March 5 : Roger de Vico Pisano , Bishop of Lausanne (* around 1140 )
- March 17th : Otto II von Berg , Bishop of Freising
- April 15 : Adolf von Altena , Archbishop of Cologne (* around 1157 )
- before May 1st: Thomas Basset , English nobleman
- May 8 : Rikissa of Denmark , Queen of Sweden (* 1174 )
- June 1 : Henry de Bohun , English magnate (* around 1175 )
- July 13th : Berthold of Neuchâtel , Bishop of Lausanne
- September 23 : Ulrich von Sax , Abbot of St. Gallen
- November 3rd : Adelheid II. Von Büren , abbess of the monastery of Gernrode and Frose
- November 3 : Urraca , Castilian princess and queen of Portugal (* 1186 )
Exact date of death unknown
- between September 16 and November 2: Philip of Oldcoates , English knight
- Arnold II , Count of Guînes
- Azo , Italian legal scholar (* before 1190)
- Engelbert III. , Count of Gorizia
- Guido von Montfort , Count of Bigorre
- Izz Ad-Din Kai Kaus I , Sultan of the Rum Seljuks
- Meiler FitzHenry , cambro-Norman nobleman and Justiciar of Ireland
- Siegfried II , Bishop of Brandenburg
Died around 1220
- Josef ben Juda ibn Aknin , Catalan-Jewish religious philosopher and poet (* around 1150 )
- Saxo Grammaticus , Danish clergyman and historian (* around 1140 )
Web links
Commons : 1220 - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
- Meister Eckhart and his time: Gerhart von Abbeville