1297

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Heads of State · Nekrolog

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1297
At the Battle of Stirling Bridge , Scots led by Andrew de Moray and William Wallace defeat an English army.
1297 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	745/746 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1289/90
Buddhist calendar	1840/41 (southern Buddhism); 1839/40 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	66th (67th) cycle Year of the Fire Rooster丁酉 ( at the beginning of the year Fire Monkey 丙申)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	659/660 (turn of the year April)
Iranian calendar	675/676
Islamic calendar	696/697 (turn of the year 18/19 October)
Jewish calendar	5057/58 (September 18-19)
Coptic calendar	1013/14
Malayalam calendar	472/473
Seleucid era	Babylon: 1607/08 (turn of the year April) Syria: 1608/09 (New Year October)
Spanish era	1335
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1353/54 (turn of the year April)

Events

Politics and world events

Southern Europe

Statue of Francesco Grimaldi in his disguise as a monk in Monaco

• January 8th : Monaco is conquered by a coup d'état by a group of exiled Genoese led by the Guelph Francesco Grimaldi and his cousin Raniero , the lord of Cagnes . Raniero takes control of Monaco as the head of the family .
• April 4th : Pope Boniface VIII enfeoffs King James II of Aragón with the islands of Sardinia and Corsica .

The Treaty of Alcañices

• September 12th : In the Treaty of Alcañices between King Dionysius of Portugal and King Ferdinand IV of Castile , the border between the two countries is determined, which is still largely valid around 700 years later.

• Serrata : The constitution of Venice will continue to focus on a strict oligarchy : the previous Grand Council with 588 members until then will be expanded and new membership regulations will gradually be introduced. This ultimately leads to the fact that in principle men are admitted to the Grand Council whose father or grandfather sat on the Grand Council. Access is now only granted to members of the leading families . The Grand Council elects the doge , the head of state, and the procurators for life, as well as all other office holders with always limited terms of office.

Western and Central Europe

• August 20 : At the Battle of Veurne , the French under Robert von Artois gain the upper hand over a Flemish army fighting for Count Guido I of Flanders .
• September 11th : The Battle of Stirling Bridge occurs during the Scottish Wars of Independence . The Scottish troops under Andrew de Moray and William Wallace are victorious at the Stirling Bridge . The English under John de Warenne suffer a crushing defeat.
• Johann I becomes burgrave of Nuremberg .

Asia

• August 16 : After the death of John II , his son Alexios II becomes Emperor and Grand Comnene of Trebizond . Since he is still very young, he is placed under the guardianship of his uncle, the Byzantine emperor Andronikos II. Palaiologos .

City rights and first documentary mentions

• First written mention of Corsier , Korntal , Neuweier and Morges
• Foundation of Wiesental by Friedrich von Bolanden , the prince-bishop of the Speyer monastery
• Tettnang receives from King Adolf of Nassau , the city charter .
• Hersbruck and Harburg / Elbe receive city rights.

Culture

Palazzo Pubblico in Siena

• Construction of the Palazzo Pubblico in Siena begins.
• Giovanni Pisano becomes master builder of the cathedral in Pisa , where he designs the sculptures of the Gothic floors for the baptistery.

religion

• April 7th : Siegfried von Westerburg dies. In May, Wigbold von Holte was elected by the cathedral chapter to succeed him as Archbishop and Elector of Cologne . King Adolf of Nassau is present at the election.
• August 11th : Pope Boniface VIII speaks to the French King Louis IX, who died in 1270 . with the bull Gloria Laus holy after he was venerated as a saint during his lifetime.
• September 24th : Ulrich von Paldau is consecrated as the successor to Heinrich II , who died in February, as Bishop of Seckau .
• The Dominican Jacobus de Voragine finishes the Chronica de civitate Ianuae , a chronicle of Genoa from its beginnings to 1297, the last part of which is the only source for the city's history.
• Dietrich von Apolda finishes the work commissioned by the order on the life of the founder Dominikus , which is distinguished from older vitae by the abundance of material.
• The inquisitor and religious writer Bernhard Gui is prior in Carcassonne . As the first writer of the Order of Preachers , he begins this year with a collection of the files of the General Chapters .
• The Franciscan John Duns Scotus teaches at Cambridge and Oxford .

nature and environment

• Germany: mild and pleasant autumn

Born

Date of birth saved

• March 25th : Andronikos III. Palaiologos , Byzantine Emperor († 1341 )
• August 14 : Hanazono , Japanese Emperor († 1348 )

Exact date of birth unknown

• Adolf VII. , Count of Holstein-Pinneberg and Count of Schauenburg († 1353 )
• Ingebjørg Eriksdatter , Norwegian princess († around 1357)
• Louis of Burgundy , Prince of Achaia and Titular King of Thessaloniki († 1316 )
• Otto VI. , Count of Weimar-Orlamünde († 1340 )
• Thomas von Neumarkt , titular bishop of Sareptensis and auxiliary bishop in Breslau († 1378 )

Born around 1297

• Robert Fitzwalter , English nobleman († 1328 )

• End of 1296 or early 1297: Gregory Palamas , Orthodox Byzantine theologian, writer and archbishop of Thessalonica, Saint of the Eastern Church

Died

Date of death secured

• January 23 : Florence of Hainaut , Prince of Achaia (* around 1255 )
• February 22nd : Margaret of Cortona , Franciscan Saint from the Third Order (* 1247 )
• February 27 : Heinrich II. , Bishop of Seckau

• April 7th : Siegfried von Westerburg , Archbishop of Cologne
• April 16 : Konrad II of Rietberg , Bishop of Osnabrück

• May 7 : Simon d'Armentières , Cardinal of the Catholic Church
• May 18 : Nicholas Longespée , Bishop of Salisbury

• June 18 : Guta von Habsburg , Bohemian Queen (* 1271 )
• July 19 : William de Vescy , English nobleman (* 1245 )

• August 13 : Gertrud von Altenberg , Catholic Blessed and Premonstratensian (* 1227 )
• August 14 : Friedrich III. , Burgrave of Nuremberg (* around 1220 )
• August 16 : John II , Emperor of Trebizond (* 1262 )
• August 19 : Louis of Toulouse , saint (* 1274 )
• August 20 : William Fraser , Bishop of St Andrews
• August 27 : Reinboto von Meilenhart , Bishop of Eichstätt

• September 11th : Hugh de Cressingham , English knight
• December 28 : Hugues Aycelin , French theologian and cardinal (* around 1230 )

Exact date of death unknown

• after July 25th: Domhnall , Scottish nobleman (* around 1250 )
• November: Andrew de Moray , political leader in the Scottish War of Independence (* around 1265 )

• Cynan ap Maredudd , Prince of Deheubarth
• Schweiker von Gemmingen, called Velscher , Landvogt in Wimpfen
• John XI. , Patriarch of Constantinople
• Ulrich Moser , Abbot of Wessobrunn
• Walram , Count of Jülich

Web links

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