Thomas von Neumarkt

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Thomas von Neumarkt OPraem (also Thomas von Sarepta ; religious name Peter or Petrus ; * 1297 in Tilbury , †  May 31, 1378 in Breslau ) was titular bishop of Sareptensis and auxiliary bishop in Breslau , Kingdom of Bohemia . He was also court chaplain and personal physician to the dukes Heinrich VI. of Breslau and Boleslaw III. from Liegnitz .

Life

Thomas turned to the clergy and studied in Bologna next to canon law and medicine. According to his own information, he practiced medical practice in different countries. It is not known when he was ordained a priest. As a young cleric he received a benefit in Lebus . From 1336 he stayed permanently in Breslau, where he worked as a doctor, joined the order of the Premonstratensian at St. Vincent and took the name of Peter or Peter . In a document dated March 8, 1350 he was named "Petrus physicus et professus ad s." By the Breslau bishop Preczlaw von Pogarell . Vincentium »and in a document dated June 15th d. J. he appears as "Frater Petrus Premonstratensian of St. Vincent" as well as Magister and Chaplain of Duke Boleslaw III. von Liegnitz, who praised its medical services. In recognition, he gave him the lifelong income from a share of Stannowitz near Ohlau .

Presumably through the mediation of his patrons, the dukes Heinrich and Boleslaw and at the request of Bishop Pogarell, he was appointed titular bishop of Sarepta by the Pope in 1351/1352 due to his services as a priest and appointed auxiliary bishop in Breslau. Then he had taken his former first name Thomas again.

On December 17, 1354, with the consent of his abbot, he set up a foundation to support the sick friars. In addition to appropriate health food, the sick conventuals should also be served good wine on certain days. On the deed of foundation was his seal, which shows him in pontifical clothing and with a coat of arms and a shell. The Abbot General confirmed this foundation on October 10, 1355.

He owned the Lossen estate in the Duchy of Oels as well as the tithe in some neighboring villages. Later he exchanged this property for the Ottwitz monastery. This was released from all taxes and burdens in 1364 by Emperor Charles IV . At the same time, Charles IV commissioned the governor to ensure that these privileges were not diminished. In recognition of his services as a doctor, Charles IV had also appointed him to his council ( consiliarus ).

From 1360 Thomas wrote a large medical work, which he called "Mihi competit" and divided into the four volumes Regimen sanitatis , Aggregatum , Antidotarium and Practica medicinalis with Regulae and four Tabulae . In his second work, "Collectarium secundum Alphabetum", he dealt with medical topics in alphabetical order. Furthermore, a Tractatus de iudiciis urinis and a Tractatus de flebotomia have come down to us.

Despite his medical success, Thomas always remained connected to his monastery. At the collegiate church of St. Vincent he built a chapel, which should serve as his burial place and the hll. Thomas the Apostles and Thomas of Canterbury and the Eleven Thousand Virgins . On August 25, 1369, he established a mass foundation at this chapel, which was confirmed by the Abbot General that same year. On the occasion of the visit of Emperor Charles in March 1372, the accompanying bishops Johann von Prag , Johann von Olmütz and Gerhard von Naumburg as well as the auxiliary bishop Dirslaus von Schwenkfeld from Wroclaw bestowed a 40-day indulgence to all believers who visited the chapel and worshiped there.

Auxiliary episcopal acts have also come down to us from Thomas. I.a. On Maundy Thursday, 1373, he took the public penitents back into the church in Breslau Cathedral and held the subsequent pontifical office . He appears as a witness in some documents from Bishop Pogarell.

Auxiliary Bishop Thomas was last mentioned on April 14, 1378, when he presented Pastor Michael at the Lossen monastery on behalf of his abbot. On May 31st J. he died in Breslau.

After a Practica medicinalis , written by Thomas from 1360 onwards, was first mentioned in 1686 by the Leipzig poetry professor Joachim Feller , his medical work was first made known to the professional world by the Breslau researcher August Henschel .

Work editions

  • Thomae de Wratislavia Practica Medicinalis. A critical edition of the "Practica Medicinalis" of Thomas of Wroclaw, Prémontré Bishop of Sarepta (1297 – c. 1378) by Theodore James Antry. Studia Copernicana; XXVII. Wrocław, Ossolineum, 1989.

literature

  • Joseph Jungnitz : The auxiliary bishops of Breslau . Verlag von Franz Goerlich, Breslau 1914. pp. 16–26.
  • Michael Sachs: Thomas medicus Vratislaviensis: Life and work of the Breslau priest doctor Thomas, titular bishop of Sarepta (born around 1297, died after 1378). In: Würzburg medical history reports. Volume 16, 1997, pp. 35-84.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Information from Neumarkt after Erwin Gatz : The Bishops of the Holy Roman Empire 1198–1448 , ISBN 3-428-10303-3 , p. 107.
  2. ↑ Place of birth according to pl: Tomasz (biskup Sarepty)
personal data
SURNAME Thomas von Neumarkt
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Thomas of Sarepta; Thomas de Wratislavia; Thomas of Breslau; Peter von Neumarkt (religious name); Petrus de Wratislavia (religious name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Titular Bishop of Sareptensis and Auxiliary Bishop in Breslau; Court chaplain and personal physician to the dukes Heinrich VI. von Breslau and Boleslaw II. von Brieg and Liegnitz
DATE OF BIRTH 1297
PLACE OF BIRTH Tilbury
DATE OF DEATH May 31, 1378
Place of death Wroclaw