Komnenen

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The Komnenen ( Middle Greek Κομνηνός Komnenόs , plural Κομνηνοί Komnenoi , feminine form Komnena ) were a noble dynasty in the Byzantine Empire . They provided the Byzantine emperors from 1057 to 1059 and then from 1081 to 1185 , and from 1204 to 1461 the rulers of the Trebizond Empire with the title Grand Comnene ( Μέγας Κομνηνός ).

The Komnenen were a family of officers who came from the village of Komne (localization disputed: possibly in Thrace ), had settled in Paphlagonia (in Asia Minor ) and had been large landowners since the time of Emperor Basil II . Their rule went hand in hand with the progressive decline of the economy and administration with simultaneous cultural prosperity and an upswing in social services and practical medicine. The evaluation of Comnene rule is therefore ambivalent in research.

Byzantine emperors from the Komnenos family

Emperor of Trebizond from the Komnenos family

Emperor of Cyprus from the Komnenos family

Family relationships

Isaac I to John II

  1. Manuel Erotikos Komnenos , Byzantine general, forefather of the Komnenen dynasty
    1. Isaac I Komnenos , Emperor of Byzantium 1057–1059 ⚭ Katerina of Bulgaria , daughter of Tsar Ivan Wladislaw
    2. Johannes Komnenos († 1067)
      1. Isaak Komnenos (approx. 1047-1104), Sebastokrator
      2. Alexios I Komnenos (1048–1118), Emperor of Byzantium 1081–1118 ⚭ 1077/8 Irene Dukaina , daughter of Andronikos Dukas
        1. Anna Komnena (1083 – after 1148) ⚭ 1118 Nikephoros Bryennios († 1137)
        2. John II Komnenos (1087–1143), Emperor of Byzantium 1118–1143 ⚭ 1104 Prisca / Irene († 1133), daughter of King Ladislaus of Hungary ( descendants see below )
        3. Andronikos Komnenos (1091–1130 / 1), Sebastokrator
        4. Theodora Komnene ⚭ Konstantin Angelos
        5. Isaak Komnenos ( descendants see below )

John II to Alexios II

  1. John II Comnenus (1087–1143), Emperor of Byzantium 1118–1143
    1. Alexios Komnenos Porphyrogennetos (1106–1142), co-emperor 1122–1142
    2. Andronikos Komnenos († 1142), Sebastokrator
      1. Johannes Dukas Komnenos († 1176)
        1. Maria Komnene (* 1154, † before 1217) ⚭ 1) Amalrich I King of Jerusalem († 1174) ⚭ 2) 1177 Balian of Ibelin († 1193) Lord of Nablus
        2. Irene Komnena ⚭ Bohemond III. (around 1142–1201) Prince of Antioch
      2. Theodora Komnena († 1184) ⚭ 1148/9 Heinrich II. Jasomirgott Duke of Austria (around 1112–1177)
      3. Alexios Komnenos , regent 1180/2
        1. Eudokia Komnene (* around 1162) ⚭ 1174, divorced 1187, Wilhelm VIII. , Lord of Montpellier († 1202) ( House of Montpellier )
    3. Isaak Komnenus , Sebastokrator
      1. Daughter (Eirene?)
        1. Isaak Komnenos , Emperor of Cyprus 1184–1191
      2. Theodora Komnena (* 1144) ⚭ 1) Balduin III. (1129 / 30–1162), King of Jerusalem , ⚭ 2) 1167 Andronikos I Komnenos (1110–1185), Emperor of Byzantium 1183–1185
    4. Manuel I. Komnenos (1122–1180), Emperor of Byzantium 1143–1180 ⚭ 1) 1146 Bertha von Sulzbach († 1160), daughter of Count Berengar I , ⚭ 2) 1161 Maria von Antiochia (1145–1182), daughter of Prince Raimund
      1. Maria Komnene († 1183) ⚭ 1) 1164, divorced 1168, Béla III. , King of Hungary, ⚭ 2) 1179 Rainer († 1183) Margrave of Montferrat
      2. Alexios II. Komnenos (1167–1183), Emperor of Byzantium 1180–1183 ⚭ 1180 Agnes of France (Anna) (1171 – after 1240), daughter of King Louis VII.

Andronikos I to John II of Trebizond

  1. Isaak Komnenos (specified above)
    1. Andronikos I. Komnenos (1110–1185), Emperor of Byzantium 1183–1185, ⚭ 1) NN, ⚭ 2) Philippa of Antioch, daughter of Prince Raimund , 3) 1167 Theodora Komnena (* 1144), daughter of Johannes (Isaac) Komnenos (marriage not recognized because of forbidden kinship, ⚭ 4) 1183 Agnes of France (1171 – after 1240), daughter of King Louis VII , widow of Alexios II Komnenos
      1. Manuel Komnenos (1145 – around 1186)
        1. Alexios I Komnenos (1182–1222), Emperor of Trebizond 1204–1222
          1. John I Komnenus , Emperor of Trebizond 1235–1238
          2. Manuel I. Komnenos , Emperor of Trebizond († 1263) 1238–1263
            1. Andronikos II. Komnenos († 1266) Emperor of Trebizond 1263–1266
            2. Georg Komnenos († after 1284) Emperor of Trebizond 1266–1280
            3. John II Comnenus († 1297) Emperor of Trebizond 1280–1297, ⚭ 1282 Eudokia Palaiologa († 1302), daughter of Emperor Michael VIII of Byzantium ( descendants see below )
            4. Theodora Komnene , Empress of Trebizond 1285
          3. Daughter ⚭ Andronikos I, Emperor of Trebizond 1222–1235
        2. David Komnenus , († approx. 1214)
      2. Irene Komnene ⚭ Isaac II Angelos (around 1155–1204), Emperor of Byzantium

Alexios II to David

  1. John II Komnenos († 1297) Emperor of Trebizond 1280–1297 (see above)
    1. Alexios II Komnenos (1283–1330), Emperor of Trebizond 1297–1330
      1. Andronikos III. Komnenus , Emperor of Trebizond 1330–1332
        1. Manuel II. Comnenus (* 1324), Emperor of Trebizond 1332
      2. Basil Komnenos (1315–1340), Emperor of Trebizond 1332–1340 ⚭ 1) divorced in 1339, Irene , daughter of Emperor Andronikos III. of Byzantium, ⚭ 2) 1339 Irene
        1. Alexios III Komnenos (1339–1390) Emperor of Trebizond 1349–1390, ⚭ 1352 Theodora Kantakuzena
          1. Manuel III Komnenos (1364–1417) Emperor of Trebizond 1390–1417
            1. Alexios IV. Komnenos (1382–1429) Emperor of Trebizond 1417–1429 ⚭ 1396 Theodora Kantakuzena († 1426)
              1. John IV Comnenus († 1458), Emperor of Trebizond 1429–1458
              2. David Komnenos († 1466), Emperor of Trebizond 1458–1461
              3. Maria Komnene († 1439) ⚭ 1427 John VIII (1391–1448), Emperor of Byzantium
      3. Anna Anachutlu Komnene , Empress of Trebizond 1341–1342
    2. Michael Komnenos (1284–1349), Emperor of Trebizond 1344–1349
      1. John III Komnenos (1319–1361), Emperor of Trebizond 1342–1344

More people

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Karl-Heinz Leven : Byzantine emperors and their personal physicians. For the presentation of the medicine of the Komnen period by Niketas Choniates. In: Würzburg medical history reports. Volume 9, 1991, pp. 73-104.