Isaak Komnenos (Sebastokrator)

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Seal of Isaac Komnenos as protoproedros and domesticus of the schools in the Orient in the 1070s

Isaak Komnenos ( Middle Greek Ἰσαάκιος Κομνηνός , * around 1047; † 1102 or February 29, 1104 ) was a Byzantine general and Sebastokrator under Emperor Alexios I.

Life

Isaac was the second eldest son of the Domestikos of the Scholen Johannes Komnenos and Anna Dalassene and thus a nephew of Emperor Isaac I. In 1071 or 1072, Emperor Michael VII married him to the Georgian Princess Irene , a cousin of Empress Maria of Alania . The couple had four sons Johannes , Alexios, Konstantin and Adrianos ( Archbishop of Ohrid from 1143 ) and five daughters ( Anna, Sophia, Eudokia, two others not known by name).

In 1072 Isaac Komnenus was banished to the Prince Island of Prinkipo , together with his mother and younger brothers . The reason was the accusation that they had conspired against Michael VII and his uncle, Emperor Johannes Dukas , together with Emperor Romanos Diogenes, who was deposed after the battle of Manzikert . The new de facto regent Nikephoritzes brought Isaak back from exile in 1073 and sent him to Anatolia as Domestikos der Scholen (commander in chief of the standing army) . There he was captured by the Seljuks after the Roussel Phrangopolos rebellion and only released against payment of a ransom . In the following year Isaac Komnenus went as Dux together with Konstantin Bodin to Antioch , where he removed the rebellious patriarch Aimilianos , an old enemy of the Nikephoritzes, from office and suppressed the unrest that broke out as a result. In an attack by the Seljuks on Syria , Isaac was again captured by the Turks in 1075 and had to be ransomed by the Antioches.

Under Emperor Nikephorus III. Isaac Comnenus returned to Constantinople in 1078 . Appointed Sebastos , he used his influence on Empress Maria at court to bring the members of his clan into leading positions. When the Comnenen in 1081 against Nikephorus III. raised, however, his younger brother Alexios, who was directly linked to the imperial dynasty of the Dukai through his marriage to Irene Dukaina , was proclaimed a basileus . Isaac proved to be a loyal supporter of his brother, who, in gratitude, presented him with the newly created dignity of a sebastokrator . In the Byzantine court hierarchy, Isaac assumed the position of vice emperor (the symbasileis Konstantin Dukas and Johannes Komnenos were formally superior to him) and ousted the emperors Nikephoros Melissenos , who had competed with Alexios Komnenos for the imperial throne in 1081, and Johannes Dukas to third place .

According to all sources, the Sebastocrator Isaac was exceptionally well educated; Of his writings, three treatises on philosophy directed against the Neoplatonist Proclus and a theological compilation against the Bishop Leon of Chalcedon have survived .

End of his life Isaac Komnenos had voluntarily monk scissors . He died on February 29, 1104 (according to the list of the Christos Philanthropos Monastery , according to other sources as early as 1102), about a year after his mother Anna Dalassene.

swell

literature

  • Κωνσταντίνος Βαρζός: Η Γενεαλογία των Κομνηνών (= Βυζαντινά Κείμενα και Μελέται. T. 20α, ZDB -ID 420491-8 ). Τόμος A '. Κέντρο Βυζαντινών Ερευνών - ΑΠΘ, Θεσσαλονίκη 1984, pp. 67–79 no. 12, digitized version (PDF; 264 MB) .
  • Божидар Ферјанчић: Севастократори у Византији . In: Зборник радова Византолошког института 11, 1968, ISSN  0584-9888 , pp. 141–192, there pp. 148–151 ( digitized version ).
  • Paul Gautier, Le synode des Blachernes (fin 1094): Étude prosopographique. In: Revue des Études byzantines. Vol. 29, 1971, pp. 213-284, doi: 10.3406 / rebyz.1971.1445 , here: pp. 221-226.
  • Alexander P. Kazhdan (Ed.): The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium . Oxford University Press, New York NY 1991, ISBN 0-19-504652-8 , pp. 143-145.
  • Matoula Kouroupou, Jean-François Vannier: Commémoraisons des Comnènes dans le typikon liturgique du monastère du Christ Philanthrope (Ms. Panaghia Kamariotissa 29). In: Revue des Études byzantines. Vol. 63, 2005, pp. 41-69, doi: 10.3406 / rebyz.2005.2305 .
  • Ruth Macrides, Joseph A. Munitiz, Dimiter Angelov: Pseudo-Kodinos and the Constantinopolitan Court: Offices and Ceremonies (= Birmingham Byzantine and Ottoman Studies . Vol. 15). Ashgate, Farnham 2013, ISBN 978-0-7546-6752-0 , pp. 432-433.
  • Denise Uranie Papachryssanthou: La date de la mort du sébastocrator Isaac Comnène et de quelques événements contemporains. In: Revue des Études byzantines. Vol. 21, 1963, pp. 250-251, doi: 10.3406 / rebyz . 1963.1312 .
  • Basile Skoulatos: Les Personnages Byzantins de l'Alexiade. Analysis Prosopographique et Synthèse (= Recueil de Travaux d'Histoire et de Philologie. Sér. 6, Vol. 20, ZDB -ID 437846-5 ). Nauwelaerts, Louvain-la-Neuve 1980, p. 125, No. 84 (also: Louvain, Universität, Dissertation, 1978).
  • Paul Stephenson: Byzantium′s Balkan Frontier. A Political Study of the Northern Balkans 900-1204. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2000, ISBN 0-521-77017-3 , pp. 151-152.

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Isaac Comnenus
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Ἰσαάκιος Κομνηνός (Middle Greek)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Byzantine general and Sebastocrator, brother of Emperor Alexios I.
DATE OF BIRTH around 1047
DATE OF DEATH 1102 or February 29, 1104