1230

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Heads of State · Nekrolog

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1230
The Ratzeburg tithe register is created.
1230 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	678/679 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1222/23
Buddhist calendar	1773/74 (southern Buddhism); 1772/73 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	65th (66th) cycle Year of the Metal Tiger庚寅 ( at the beginning of the year Earth-Ox Jahres)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	592/593 (turn of the year April)
Iranian calendar	608/609
Islamic calendar	627/628 (turn of the year 8/9 November)
Jewish calendar	4990/91 (September 8/9)
Coptic calendar	946/947
Malayalam calendar	405/406
Seleucid era	Babylon: 1540/41 (turn of the year April) Syria: 1541/42 (turn of the year October)
Spanish era	1268
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1286/87 (turn of the year April)

Events

Politics and world events

Balkans

→ Main article : Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars

Battle of Klokotnitsa

• Theodoros I Komnenos Dukas , despot of Epirus and emperor of Thessaloniki for several years, lays claim to the Byzantine imperial throne. Before his march against Constantinople and the Latin Empire , however, he turned against his previous ally, Tsar Ivan Assen II, and marched into Bulgaria .

The Bulgarian Empire after the Battle of Klokotnitsa

• March 9th : The troops of Epirus suffer a crushing defeat in the Battle of Klokotnitsa . Theodoros I and his family are taken prisoner. Ivan Assen II has a victory column erected in the Church of the Forty Martyrs in the Bulgarian capital Veliko Tarnovo, on which it is recorded that the whole country from Adrianople to Durazzo ( Thrace , Macedonia and Thessaly ) now belongs to the Bulgarians. The lands that are not incorporated into the Bulgarian Empire are divided between Theodoros brothers Manuel Komnenos Dukas and Konstantin Komnenos Dukas and their nephew Michael II Komnenos Dukas . Manuel rules Thessaloniki as Bulgarian vassal , Constantine receives Akarnania and Michael II receives the unconquered part of Epirus.

Kingdom of Sicily / Holy Roman Empire

• July 28 : After the death of Leopold VI. , the glorious, becomes his son Friedrich II. Duke of Austria and Styria from the Babenberg family .
• August 28th : After a severe military defeat, Pope Gregory IX. On mediation by Hermann von Salza, the German Emperor Friedrich II is exempt from church and concludes with him the peace of San Germano, which is supposed to last nine years. The reconciliation is sealed by having a meal together in Gregor's parents' house in Anagni .
• December 15 : Ottokar I. Přemysl dies. His son Wenceslaus I , co-king since 1228 , becomes the sole king of Bohemia . He quickly got into a conflict with his younger brother Přemysl of Moravia as well as with the Austrian Duke Friedrich.

Other events in Europe

Henry III. sails to Brittany; Illustration from the 13th century Chronicle of Matthew Paris

• April 30th : The French campaign of Henry III. begins: King Heinrich III. sets out from Portsmouth with a large army . In addition to the legal advisor Hubert de Burgh , most of the magnates such as Ranulf de Blondeville , Gilbert de Clare , Humphrey de Bohun and William Marshal also take part in the campaign. Heinrich advances from Brittany to Anjou and on to Gascony without any significant fighting. In front of the superior army of the French king, however, he finally had to retreat back to Brittany. In October he returned to England without having achieved any success .
• May 16 : In the Treaty of Kruschwitz between Konrad of Mazovia and the Teutonic Order , the Duke transfers the Kulmerland to the Teutonic Order . Furthermore, Konrad recognizes the independence of the order state and the rule of the Teutonic Order over all land that it would conquer beyond the borders of Poland. The contract corresponds to the gold bull from Rimini of the German Emperor Friedrich II.
• Summer: In the Lombard War, after a year-long siege, the imperial governor Amalrich Barlais surrenders against the rebellious barons under John I of Beirut . The underage King Heinrich I comes back under the tutelage of John, who is also recognized as regent of Cyprus .

Ferdinand III. on a miniature from the 13th century

• September 24th : With the death of his father Alfons IX. becomes Ferdinand III. King of León . Since Ferdinand has been king of Castile since 1217 , he united the two Iberian kingdoms alongside Asturias and Galicia to form an indivisible kingdom that was inherited by the eldest son.
• In a small skirmish, Count Raimund VII of Toulouse drives out Margrave Raimund Berengar V of Provence from Marseilles , who swears the feudal oath on November 9th .

Asia

• April 14 : Khorezm-Shah Jalal ad-Din conquers the Ayyubid city ​​of Ahlat after a long siege .
• August 10 : In the battle of Yassı Çemen in eastern Anatolia, the Rum Seljuks under the leadership of Caliph Kai Kobad I prevail over Khorezm Shahs . The defeated Jalal ad-Din must flee. The conflict between the two originally allied empires broke out after Mongols disguised as Khorezm soldiers sacked Seljuk villages. The empire of Trebizond under Andronikos I , which has allied itself with the Choresmiern, must from now on again pay tributes to the Rum Seljuks.

City rights and first documentary mentions

• First written mention of Bierbach , Bräunsdorf , Freienwil , Haßfurt , Hassel (Saar) , Helsinghausen , Hitzkirch , Müssen , Ossingen , Seelingstädt , Sins and Talheim
• The Ratzeburg tithe register , created in 1230, contains the first documentary mention of many villages in the former diocese of Ratzeburg .

Culture

Illumination in the Codex Buranus

• around 1230: The only surviving version of the Carmina Burana poetry and song collection is written down by two different people.

Page from Heimskringla

• around 1230: The Heimskringla on the history of the Norwegian kings , a work attributed to Snorri Sturluson , is created.
• 1230/ 1240 : The Kudrun -Epos arises.

society

• Llywelyn ab Iorwerth , Prince of Gwynedd , caught his wife Joan of Wales with William de Braose, 7th Baron of Bramber , who was held hostage by him , in their chamber. He accuses the two of adultery and has William executed on May 2nd by the humiliating death by hanging for a noblewoman. Johanna is held prisoner in a row.

• In the Kingdom of Aragon is Orden de la Merci founded. The aim of the knightly order is to support and ransom Christian slaves, as do the parallel associations of Mathurin , Cölestin or Trinitarians .

religion

• March 17th : At the Bremen Synod of Lent , all secular priests and monks from the Bremen area gather. At the synod convened by Archbishop Gerhard II , the Stedingen farmers are declared heretics . They are accused of defying the church, burning monasteries and churches, abusing hosts and conducting surveys of spirits and fortune tellers. This prepares the Stedinger War against the Stedinger Peasant Republic.
• September 28 : In the bull Quo elongati , Pope Gregory IX declares . the will of St. Francis is not considered urgently legally binding. The papal bull contributes significantly to the poverty struggle that has flared up in the Franciscan order .

Disasters

• A " high tide " on the North Sea brings "great deaths among people and cattle, that hardly a tenth person remained alive."
• 1230: returnees from the Fifth Crusade dragging leprosy to Europe one.

Historical maps and views

Mecklenburg 1230

Born

Exact date of birth unknown

• March: Heinrich , Infante of Castile († 1304 )
• Athanasios I , Patriarch of Constantinople and saint of the Greek Orthodox Church († 1310 )
• Elisabeth of Braunschweig , Roman-German Queen († 1266 )
• Ga Anyen Dampa , clergyman of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism († 1303 )
• Gottfried Hagen , city clerk of Cologne († 1299 )
• Seifried Helbling , Austrian knight
• Hu Sansheng , Chinese historian († 1287 )
• Yaroslav III Yaroslavich , Grand Duke of Tver and Vladimir († 1272 )
• Lê Văn Hưu , Vietnamese scholar and historian († 1322 )
• Rukn ad-Din Churschah , Imam of the Nizarites († 1257 )

Born around 1230

• 1220 or 1230: Dietrich von Apolda , German Dominican and hagiographer († after 1302/1303)
• 1227/1230 : Henry III. , Duke of Silesia-Breslau († 1266 )

• Edmund de Lacy, 2nd Earl of Lincoln , English nobleman († 1258 )
• Guido Guinizelli , Italian poet († around 1276 )
• Hugo von Trimberg , Middle High German didactic writer († after 1313)
• Jacobus de Voragine , Archbishop of Genoa and creator of the Legenda aurea († 1298 )
• Jelena Anžujska , Queen of Serbia and saint of the Serbian Orthodox Church († 1314 )

Died

Date of death secured

• January 12th : Egino IV , Count of Urach (* around 1160 )
• January 30 : Pelagius von Albano , Spanish cardinal and canon lawyer, cardinal bishop of Albano and papal legate of the Fifth Crusade (* around 1165 )
• February: Abu Yahya Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abi Imran at-Tinmalali , last Almohad Wālī from Mallorca

• April 7th : Tore Den Trøndske , Archbishop of Nidaros
• May 2 : William de Braose, 7th Baron of Bramber , Cambro-Norman nobleman (* 1197 / 1204 )
• May 13 : Casimir I , Duke of Opole-Ratibor (* 1178 or 1179 )

• July 12 : Margarete von Blois , Countess Palatine of Burgundy and Countess of Blois and Châteaudun (* around 1170 )

Leopold's cenotaph in front of the high altar of the collegiate church in Lilienfeld

• July 28 : Leopold VI. , Duke of Austria and Styria (* 1176 )
• August 24 : Geoffrey de Say , English nobleman and rebel (* around 1155 )

• September 9 : Siegfried II. Von Eppstein , Archbishop of Mainz and Arch Chancellor of the Holy Roman Empire (* around 1165 )

Alfonso's tomb in Santiago de Compostela

• September 23rd / 24th : Alfonso IX. , King of León (* 1171 )

• October 25 : Gilbert de Clare, 4th Earl of Hertford , English magnate (* around 1180 )
• November 13th : Siard , abbot of the great Mariengaarde monastery and saint of the Catholic Church
• November 24th : Mathieu II. De Montmorency , Connétable of France

• December 13 : Karl I , Bishop of Seckau

Tumba of Ottokar I in St. Vitus Cathedral in Prague

• December 15 : Ottokar I Přemysl , King of Bohemia (* around 1155 )
• December 23 : Berengaria of Navarre , Queen of England (* between 1165 and 1170)

Exact date of death unknown

• Demetrius of Montferrat , King of Thessaloniki (* 1205 )
• Enrico Pescatore , Count of Malta, adventurer and privateer
• John IV , Count of Vendôme and Lord of Montoire
• Muinuddin Chishti , Islamic mystic and sheikh of the Chishtiyya order in South Asia (* 1141 )
• Nicola de la Haye , English noblewoman (* around 1155 )
• Maelgwn ap Rhys , Welsh Lord of Ceredigion (* around 1170 )
• Samuel ibn Tibbon , Occitan Jewish author and translator (* 1160 )

Willebold's reliquary in St. Konrad Berkheim

• Willebold von Berkheim , German pilgrim and saint

Died around 1230

• Walther von der Vogelweide , Middle High German poet (* around 1170 )

Web links

Commons : 1230  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Cristian Kuß: Yearbook of memorable natural events in the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein from the eleventh to the seventeenth century, page 12 (Altona 1825)