Gold bull from Rimini

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With the Golden Bull of Rimini , the usual Golden Bull of Rimini , from 1226, the Roman-German Emperor Frederick II granted the Teutonic Order control over the Kulmer Land east of the lower Vistula , between the territory of the Duke of Masovia and the territory of the Prussians . The emperor entrusts the order with the fight against this pagan tribe and assured them of absolute sovereignty over the area that is still to be conquered. This can be seen in the meticulous regulation of the regalia, the royal rights of rule. The bull declares that the entire country is part of the Roman-German Empire.

The Golden Bull of Rimini corresponds to the Treaty of Kruschwitz of the Teutonic Order concluded in 1230 with the Polish Duke Konrad of Mazovia, as well as the bull of Rieti, Pope Gregory IX. from the year 1234. The original document was attested by the archbishops of Magdeburg, Ravenna, Tire, Palermo and Reggio, the bishops of Bologna, Rimini, Cesena, Mantua and Tortosa, by the dukes of Saxony and Spoleto, the margrave of Monferrat and many others more. The Grand Master of the Order at that time, Hermann von Salza , was one of the most important and closest advisers to Emperor Frederick II.

The interpretation of the bull in favor of the Teutonic Order is mainly disputed by Polish historians. The main argument of criticism is the legal issue of whether the Roman-German emperor by then applicable state law was entitled to the Order with areas belehnen who were not under his direct rule.

literature

  • Tomasz Jasiński: Kruschwitz, Rimini and the foundations of the Prussian Order. Document studies on the early days of the Teutonic Order in the Baltic Sea region . Elwert, Marburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-7708-1321-6 , ( Sources and studies on the history of the Teutonic Order 63), ( Publications of the International Historical Commission for Research on the Teutonic Order 8).

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