Stedinger
The population of the Stedingen region west of Bremen is referred to as Stedinger (also Städing , pl. Stedinge ) .
In the 11th to 13th centuries, the country lay largely behind swamps and water courses. The first settlements in the marshland can date back to the early Middle Ages. When King Henry IV. 1062 left Weserufer from the mouth of Ochtum to Butjadingerland the Archbishop of Bremen gave, moved this Rüstringer and Dutch in the reclaimed by dykes the flow area at ( Holler colonization ). The archbishop's documents of colonization for z. B. Oberstedingen from 1142 and 1149 describe the specific cooperative affiliation of the local settlement and judicial communities and differentiate between older and newer rulership rights.
At first only the old marshland inhabitants were considered to be Stedinger, which meant the bank dwellers . Not all of the old Stedinger settlements were in the archbishopric or owned by the cathedral provost and cathedral chapter in Bremen or the Benedictine monastery of St. Paul in Bremen . As new Stedinger the colonists and their descendants, the dry-laid the broken country and the Bog Marsh and u were. a. settled in the areas on both sides of the Hunte or in Moorriem (later marching bailiffs). It was not until the end of the 12th century that the settlers became aware of the Stedinger cohesion.
Originally obliged to tithe, they gradually knew how to evade any payment given the weakness of several archbishops and just as vigorously maintained their limits against the Counts of Oldenburg, whose castles Lichtenberg and Liene they destroyed in 1187. Archbishop Hartwig II , whom the Pope had already allowed to preach a crusade against the Stedinger, could not subdue them either (1207).
One of his successors, Gerhard II , condemned her as a heretic in the Bremen Synod of Lent ; The result was a ban and interdict and a new crusade, which Konrad von Marburg was particularly active in bringing about (see Stedingerkrieg ). Emperor Friedrich II also came to the declaration of eighth.
The Stedinger War followed, which the farmers lost. The winners then split up Stedingen. The largest part fell to the Archbishop of Bremen and the Counts of Oldenburg; but they usually left what they had acquired to the vanquished or new colonists again to Meierrecht . Archbishop Nikolaus von Bremen (1422–1435) secured the Stedinger's position through a special land law.
literature
- Ludwig Deike: The emergence of manorial rule in the elder colonies on the Niederweser (= publications from the state archive of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen. Vol. 27, ISSN 0170-7884 ). Schünemann, Bremen 1959 (also: Hamburg, Univ., Diss., 1957).
- Bernd Ulrich Hucker : Sannau 880 years. On the early history of a Stedinger village . Bremen 2019. ISBN 978-3-938275-97-9
- Hermann Lübbing: Stedinger, Friesen, Dithmarscher. Freedom struggles of Low German farmers. 2nd Edition. Hauschild, Bremen 1977, ISBN 3-920699-18-1 .
- Jens Schmeyers: The Stedinger Peasant Wars . True events and historical considerations. (In memory of the Battle of Altenesch on May 27, 1234). Stedinger-Verlag, Lemwerder 2004, ISBN 3-927697-38-9 .
- Heinrich Schmidt: On the history of the Stedinger. In: Bremisches Jahrbuch . Vol. 60/62, 1982/83, pp. 27-94.
- Hermann Albert Schumacher : The Stedinger. Contribution to the history of the Weser marshes. Müller, Bremen 1865