Johannes Peckham

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Tomb of John Peckham in Canterbury Cathedral

John Peckham , also John Pecham , also Latinized Ioannes de Pecham and John Pechamus etc., OFM (* around 1220 / 1225 in Patcham , Sussex, † 8. December 1292 in Mortlake Manor , Surrey) was an English theologian ( Doctor ingeniosus ).

He studied at the Sorbonne in Paris and Oxford and entered the Franciscan order around 1250. From 1257 to 1259 he studied theology in Paris, where he received his doctorate in 1269. Then he was for about two years (1269-1271) rector of the Paris University. In 1275 he became a religious provincial in England.

In 1279 he was appointed Archbishop of Canterbury to succeed Robert Kilwardby and was elected English primate.

Peckham wrote books on numbers (Tractatus de numeris) and optics ( Tractatus de perspectiva , probably created between 1269 and 1277, Perspectiva communis , around 1278, up to 1665 11 editions). In optics he treats u. a. the refraction in lenses, the rainbow and perspective and essentially follows al-Haitham . His Perspectiva communis was considered a standard work on optics in the Middle Ages. In addition, Peckham's work was still the subject of university education. At the end of the 16th century, lectures on Perspectiva communis were still being held in Würzburg . The Latin Corpus Christi hymn Ave vivens hostia , which was later translated into German, comes from Peckham .

Peckham, who taught at the papal university until 1279, was quoted by Leonardo da Vinci , Lorenzo Ghiberti , Witello and Roger Bacon , among others .

Peckham is assigned to medieval Augustinism . In Paris, Peckham was a 'conservative' opponent of Thomas Aquinas and argued with Thomas Aquinas, among other things, in 1270 over the question of whether the spiritual soul is the only life principle in humans (which Peckham denied against Thomas). During the time of his rectorate, the Paris Archbishop Étienne Tempier (see Siger von Brabant ) condemned 13 averroistic errors (December 10, 1270 ). A letter from Johannes Peckhams dated November 10, 1284, in which he noted with satisfaction via Siger von Brabant and Boetius von Dacien that the two had come to a miserable end in Italy.

literature

  • Spettmann (editor): Quaestiones tractantes de anima (Contributions to the history of the philosophy of the Middle Ages, Vol. 19, Issue 5–6), Münster 1918
  • H. Spettmann The Psychology of Johannes Pecham (Contributions to the History of the Philosophy of the Middle Ages, Vol. 20, Issue 6), Münster 1919
  • H. Spettmann The commentary of the sentences of the Franciscan Archbishop Johannes Pecham († 1292) (Divus Thomas 5, 1927, 327-345)
  • H. Spettmann Pecham's "Commentary on the fourth book of sentences" (Zeitschrift für Katholische Theologie 52, 1928, 64-74)
  • David C. Lindberg : John Pecham and the Science of Optics. Madison, Milwaukee / Wisconsin and London 1970 (with Pechams Perspectiva communis )
  • Lindberg (Editor): Pecham Tractatus de perspectiva , St. Bonaventura, New York, The Franciscan Institute 1972
  • Delorme / Etzkorn (editor): Fr. Ioannis Pecham Quodlibeta quattuor (Bibliotheca Franciscana Scholastica Medii Aevi vol. 25), Grottaferrata 1989
  • Etzkorn / Spettmann / Oliger (editors): Ioannis Pecham Quaestiones Disputatae (Bibliotheca Franciscana Scholastica Medii Aevi vol. 28), Grottaferrata 2002
  • Klaus-Gunther Wesseling :  Johannes von Peckham. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 3, Bautz, Herzberg 1992, ISBN 3-88309-035-2 , Sp. 517-520.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ to Gottwald u. a. Lexicon of important mathematicians around 1235, according to Gericke 1230/35
  2. ↑ after Poggendorffs Biographisches Handlexikon (1863ff) on April 24th.
  3. ↑ David C. Lindberg (1970), p. 31
  4. ^ Franz Viktor Spechtler: 'Ave vivens hostia' (German). In: Author's Lexicon . 2nd Edition. Volume 1, Col. 571 f.
  5. ^ Klaus Bergdolt : Scholastic medicine and natural science at the papal curia in the late 13th century. In: Würzburger medical history reports 7, 1989, pp. 155–168; here: pp. 155, 160 and 164.
personal data
SURNAME Peckham, Johannes
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Pecham, Johannes
BRIEF DESCRIPTION English theologian, Archbishop of Canterbury
DATE OF BIRTH around 1220 or around 1225
PLACE OF BIRTH Patcham , Sussex
DATE OF DEATH December 8, 1292
Place of death Mortlake Manor , Surrey