Salisbury Cathedral

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Salisbury Cathedral from the northeast

The Salisbury Cathedral , officially The Cathedral Church of St Mary , is an Anglican cathedral and seat of the Bishop Diocese of Salisbury in southern England town of Salisbury in county Wiltshire . It is dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary , which is why it is also known as the Marienkathedrale (English St. Mary's Cathedral ). The mother church of the diocese covers most of Dorset and Wiltshire with a catchment area of ​​around 750,000 devotees.

Due to the short construction time of the cathedral, its architectural style largely corresponds to the early English Gothic , the Early English . The free building site and the generous financial support from Heinrich III were decisive for the quick completion . The crossing tower , which was added in the early 14th century , has since become the tallest church tower in Great Britain at 123 meters and makes the entire sacred building an important exponent of medieval church architecture and, along with the cathedrals of Canterbury , Lincoln and Westminster Abbey , one of the key buildings of the English Gothic.

history

Reconstruction of the previous building in Old Sarum

Predecessor church

After the Norman conquest of England in 1066, William the Conqueror ordered the English episcopal see to be moved to fortified structures in 1072. The bishopric of the Sherborne diocese was moved to Old Sarum in 1075 and a cathedral with a motten castle was built there. The diocese of Sherborne was later called the Diocese of Salisbury . The first Norman bishop of Old Sarum was Osmund von Sées (1078-1099), who was one of those who were commissioned by William the Conqueror to draft the Domesday Book . Under Roger le Poer , bishop from 1107 to 1139, as well as English lord chancellor and treasurer and thus an influential clergyman of the Anglo-Norman Empire, a large-scale renovation of the cathedral of Old Sarum began in 1120/25.

This Romanesque (also Norman ) building had three aisles with a three-aisled transept. It had a double tower facade in the west, an extended choir and rectangular chapels in the east, a cloister with a refectory on the north side and a south porch with a portal. On the north side in the transept was the treasury. In the east, the structure ended with three east chapels, which were axially semicircular on the inside and straight on the outside. Parts of this cathedral such as head capitals and animal grimaces can now be seen in the Salisbury City Museum, in the King's House; However, quite a few were also built into the wall of the cathedral quarter (Close or cathedral freedom ) and in the cloister as spoilage .

Despite these expansion measures, the usable area on the inhospitable hill of Old Sarum became scarcer. Problems and conflicts between the cathedral clergy and the royal occupation of the castle were added at that time. One reason for this was the water shortage that existed in Old Sarum. Because of this, the water had to be brought into the fortress by people in vessels or by train, for which the lords of the castle levied a water tax. The number of people who had access to the fortress was limited and they needed permission from the lord of the castle to enter. So developed Herbert Poor , Bishop of Sarum 1194-1217, the idea of laying Cathedral. After his death in 1217, his brother Richard Poore (1217–1228) took over the office of bishop. He had previously studied theology with Stephen Langton in Paris and was a close confidante of his. Langton himself was extensively involved in the creation of the Magna Carta 1215. One of the four surviving originals of the Magna Carta has been kept in the cathedral for several decades. Under Richard Poore, the canons wrote a letter of complaint to Pope Honorius III in 1218 . and asked to be allowed to move the cathedral in the water-rich plain. A year later, papal permission was received and the city council selected a site near the Avon River as the new location.

History of the cathedral

Painting of the cathedral by John Constable around 1825

Like most English cathedrals, the cathedral of New Sarum (Salisbury since around the 16th century) had a Norman predecessor in the Romanesque style , which was, however, in the nearby Old Sarum. In contrast to the other Gothic cathedral buildings, Salisbury Cathedral was built on an undeveloped site, literally on the "green field" in one go and according to a consistent design. Construction work on the new cathedral began in 1220 and the foundation stone was laid on April 28th . At the same time, a large-scale cathedral district (Close) was created , which was typical of the English cathedrals of that time.

Due to the high groundwater level at the new construction site, the cathedral was built on a foundation only four feet (approx. 1.30 meters) thick. The three altars in the Trinity Chapel were completed and consecrated as early as 1225 . The ceremony was attended also Stephen Langton and Henry de Loundres , the Archbishops of Canterbury and Dublin, in part.

Shortly afterwards, King Heinrich III. the construction site and made New Sarum a market town. In 1226 William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury , an illegitimate son of the English King Henry II Plantagenet, was buried in the chapel. The reclining figure of his grave was the first to be buried in the cathedral and the first to depict a knight in full armor. Shortly afterwards, the three previous bishops were transferred, including Osmund von Sées. In 1228 Richard Poore moved to Durham, but construction continued under the new Bishop Robert of Bingham . The choir stalls were built under his direction in 1236 . He had the roof of the choir and possibly the west transept covered with lead and glass windows inserted. The nave was built in the 1240s .

In 1256, Bishop Giles of Bridport took control of the cathedral. Two years later, in 1258, the cathedral was largely completed and was opened in the presence of King Henry III. consecrated . This also resulted in the transfer of the bishopric to New Sarum . However, work on the cathedral continued. A source from the 14th century says that the cathedral was not completed until 1266. A year earlier, in 1265, the west facade was completed. The construction of the large cloister lasted from 1270 to approx. 1310 and enclosed the chapter house, which was built in 1280 and had been free until then . Overall, the cathedral was built in an unusually short construction period for the time.

In the Middle Ages, the eastern part of the church building reserved for the clergy was separated by a rood screen at the height of the western transept .

Only the crossing tower was subsequently built in the early decorated style with its imposing top, on which work began around 1310 and ended around 1333. The construction work on the tower is the subject of William Golding's novel The Spire (German: The Tower of the Cathedral ). Since the builders had hardly any structural knowledge and the Gothic architecture was essentially based on experience and the principle of trial and error, the tower with 6500  tons was too heavy for the load-bearing structure. In order not to suffer the fate of other church towers (like the one even higher in Lincoln ), Christopher Wren suggested subsequent stabilization during an inspection in 1668. Buttresses in the crossing and the reinforcement with steel strips were suitable.

In 1457, Osmund von Sées was canonized by Pope Calixt III.

Building history

The nave in the west with ribbed vaults
Building history by year
year Explanation
April 28, 1220 Bishop Richard Poore laid the foundation stone; the first master builder was Nikolaus von Ely (until 1247),
manager of the building works was Ellias von Dareham (until 1247).
1225 Three altars in the Trinity Chapel (Trinity Chapel) to the east are being completed.
1228 Bishop Robert Bingham in office
1234-1236 The choir and the east transept are completed;
shortly afterwards the choir (choir stalls) and the west transept
1245-1250 The nave was completed.
1247 Bishop Wilhelm de York in office, Nicholas of York was the administrator of the building works.
1256 Bishop Giles de Bridport in office
1258 Consecration of the cathedral in the presence of King Heinrich III. , Vaulting of the nave possibly afterwards
1266 Completion of the cathedral
1280 Completion of the chapter house
around 1310 Completion of the cloister
Early 14th century The crossing tower was completed
1320-er Crossing tower with iron toroidal core and buttresses; East crossing reinforced by scissor arches
1415 West crossing reinforced with buttresses
1479 Completion of the crossing vault

Restoration and remodeling

Salisbury Cathedral was hardly damaged during the Reformation and English Civil War of the 17th century. Nevertheless, after around 300 years of use - in the late 18th and 19th centuries - a thorough restoration was inevitable. The interventions performed by James Wyatt under Bishop Shute Barrington between 1789 and 1792 were particularly drastic . Wyatt tore down the free-standing clock tower , which had meanwhile been used as a beer tavern, and leveled the area in front of the cathedral into a grassy area. As a result, Salisbury Cathedral has no set of bells for alternating chimes, alongside the cathedrals of Ely and Norwich .

In the interior, Wyatt replaced the medieval rood screen with a neo-Gothic one and relocated the high altar to the east of the Trinity Chapel. Two 15th century perpendicular style chapels flanking the Trinity Chapel to the east were destroyed in this work. Wyatt also renewed a large part of the remaining stained glass windows, the east window with a resurrection scene based on a design by Joshua Reynolds . In 1980 a new picture replaced the east window: Gabriel Loire from Chartes designed the prisoner for reasons of conscience . Wyatt had the tombs, originally distributed in the choir, transferred to the plinth benches between the pillars in the nave. One of these tombs is dedicated to Sir Richard Mompesson and his wife Katharine, who lived in the 17th century. In 1964 its original colors were refreshed. Another tomb on the southwest side of the crossing honors William Longespee , half-brother of King John and a long-serving military and statesman. He was present at the drafting of the Magna Charta and also at the laying of the foundation stone for this new cathedral. He was the first to be buried in this church.

A second major restoration took place in 1863–1878 by George Gilbert Scott . The high altar was returned to its old position and a towering, massive retable was added. In 1984 a stone from the first cathedral of Old Sarum was inserted into this altar. Above the high altar is a window enamelled on clear glass with the representation of Moses with the brazen serpent .

The Wyatt rood screen had to give way to an open metal construction. The remains of the medieval stained glass windows were merged and the neo-Gothic ones were designed. Gas lighting, heating and the organ , built by Henry Willis & Sons, were installed around 1877. More far-reaching, however, was Scott's work on the exterior, where he had large parts replaced and buttresses inserted. Salisbury, like most English cathedrals, was not spared the restoration campaigns of the 19th century.

The increasing rejection of the neo-Gothic led to further renovation work in 1959/1960. The Scottish rood screen, the altarpiece and the gas lights have been removed. The Victorian floor and many glass windows were also expanded during this period. With these measures, the open, long line of sight from west to east was created, which has since been characteristic of Salisbury Cathedral. A final restoration of the tower and west facade took place in 2000.

cathedral

Floor plan (without cloister, chapter house and sacristy )

Layout

The differences between Gothic architecture in England with Salisbury Cathedral and the French buildings of this time become particularly clear when compared with Amiens Cathedral , which was built around the same time (from 1220). The floor plan of Salisbury Cathedral is one for the Early English period typical three-nave gallery basilica with two transepts (also transepts or Transepte called), also known as double transept floor plan is called. Also typical of this period and Salisbury are the rectangular floor plan, the elongated nave , the lack of an open buttress , the mur épais (thick wall) and the walkway in the upper storey . The chapel wreath typical of French Gothic cathedrals is missing here, instead chapels were built into the aisles of the transepts. In the northeastern side chapel, also called the morning chapel, the church administration had a rotating prism set up as an attraction in 1985 , which was engraved by the artist Laurence Whistler.

To the north of the high altar is the votive chapel of Edmund Audley, who was a bishop here from 1502–1524. Previously existing figures in the niches were destroyed during the Reformation.

The floor plan of the cathedral is divided by the transept projecting to the west in the middle of the building. This crossing point is emphasized by a crossing tower. A second, smaller transept protrudes further to the east. Behind it, the choir with several components of different heights is staggered to the east in the form of a low chapel, the right-angled ambulatory (also called retro choir ) and the high choir ( priestly choir ).

Cathedral with central tower (Spire) and Campanile, copper engraving by Wenceslaus Hollar

To the north of the cathedral there was originally a bell tower in the style of the Italian Campanili . To the south there is a cloister overlooked by a polygonal chapter house . Such polygonal or round chapter houses are typical of the English Gothic.

The nave of Salisbury Cathedral is 134.7 meters long and 23.4 meters wide. The width above the western transept is 62 meters. The vault is a maximum of 25.5 meters high. There are seats for 1900 people. There are a total of 8,760 column shafts in the cathedral , one for each hour of the year. Salisbury is adorned with more Purbeck marble than any other cathedral. The number of windows also has a symbolic reference, there are 365 of these, so one for each day of the year. They are provided with stained glass from different centuries.

Exterior view

The elongated nave with the north vestibule in the middle, the large transept protruding far with the steeply rising crossing tower above and the smaller transept in the east are of the same height. All components have rectangular ends and are structured by an identical sequence of lancet windows between buttresses . In the side aisles and chapels, two lancets were used per yoke. In the upper storey, on the other hand, the typically English three-arch echelons are visible. Only the facades in the east and on the cross arms are more differentiated. The east facade of the Trinity Chapel is adorned by groups of three lancets (also called lancet triple windows ), followed in the gables by similar staggered arches flanked by blind arches .

The gable of the high choir juts out with a seven-arched echelon. On the side axes of the east chapel, two lancet windows, connected by a circumferential profile, carry a circle in which a quatrefoil is inserted. This motif is seen as a pre-form of the tracery .

The facades of the transepts are structured by four rows of windows one above the other. They either consist of three groups of lancets or twin windows that carry a punched quatrefoil. The second form is the so-called tracery window. Two more panel tracery windows are also located in the north vestibule, the main entrance to the cathedral in the middle of the nave.

The upward movement of the lancets and buttresses is balanced across the cathedral by various horizontal elements. Underneath there are horizontal profiles on the plinth, under the aisle windows, on the roof extensions and ribbons on the lower buttresses. Only the later crossing tower with its later built buttresses, the sound openings and the pointed helmet gives the exterior of the cathedral a strong vertical accent.

Umbrella facade

Umbrella facade

The screen facades (also west facade) of the English cathedrals in this period, as well as in Salisbury, are in contrast to the west facades of the Gothic cathedrals in France (see e.g. the cathedral of Reims and Amiens ). A richly decorated imposing double tower facade is common in French buildings. The umbrella facade is in front of the structure of the cathedral. The lower spiers in England stand either to the side, as in Salisbury, or behind the facade ( Peterborough Cathedral ) so that only the spiers protrude above the height of the facade.

Furthermore, the west facade of Salisbury appears balanced with its horizontal and vertical directional forces. Here, too, the horizontal predominates. It is interspersed with rows of gabled niches in which figures stand, including its buttresses. However, most of them were not added until the 19th century. Zigzag ribbons and punched quatrains were used between the rows of figures. The horizontal end of the facade is only interrupted by the gable of the central nave and the spiers attached to the sides. The portals are small and are located in the pedestals.

In contrast to French buildings, there is also no concentration of an image program in the portal area. In France, sculpture takes on the function of architectural elements of order, but this is suppressed in Salisbury. Here the sculptures seem to be forced into their assigned niches. Here the archivolts and tympana do not have the richly figured and ornament-rich facade elements from mainland Europe. The downsizing of the portals down to human dimensions has recently led to the banning of plastic from the portal systems. Art historians like John Ruskin therefore refer to the portals of Salisbury Cathedral as “pigeon holes”.

Longhouse

New baptismal font from 2008

The nave is as high as it is wide. Its very clear, structured effect also results from the color contrast that the black polished column shafts made of Purbeck marble form with the local limestone (Chilmark stone) (see picture above ).

In the middle of the nave is the baptismal font with steadily flowing water. It was recreated in 2008 by the designer William Pye (* 1938 in London).

Crossing tower

Scissor bows in the east crossing

The crossing tower was not completed until the beginning of the 14th century. At 123 meters, it is the tallest church tower in Great Britain. Inside the tower is filled with a wooden support structure. The crossing tower began to lean to the southwest during the construction. It was secured for the first time in the 1320s with an iron toroidal core and buttresses, which were also drawn inside under the roof trusses. The wide arcades that supported the east crossing in a west-east direction were also built during the security work. Its shape, consisting of an upper arch placed with the point down on a lower one, was a novelty. These bows were later named scissor bows because of the scissor shape . In 1338 such supporting arches were installed in the cathedral in Wells .

Further security was achieved with the buttress arches built around 1415 in the western crossing. As a result, Salisbury's crossing tower escaped the fate of other crossing towers in England and is one of the few Gothic steeples in England that has not collapsed. Despite the subsequent reinforcement, the tower is not definitely secured: the floor markings show that the top has already tilted 75 cm to the southwest. In the crossing you can see how the supporting columns and pillars bend under the weight of the tower and spire. It was last secured in 2000.

The net-shaped crossing tower vault was drawn in in 1479.

Choir and presbytery

Choir closure with lancet triple window with a raised pointed arch in the upper aisle

The choir runs from the eastern crossing to the apex of the choir with the Trinity Chapel. The end of the choir is rectangular and its side aisles have been extended by two yokes. The enriched divisional arcades were continued in the clergy's choir and in the presbytery. The pillars have all eight upstream “en délit” services made of marble around a core that is alternately grooved and arched. The arches are decorated with the zigzag ribbon like in the west transept. In the presbytery, leaf rosettes decorate the upper facade. In the choir is the bishop's throne, which Sir Gilbert Scott created in 1870.

The Ostarkatur consists of pillars with two round members placed one behind the other, in the corners of which marble services are set. This type of pillar can be derived from a comparable one in Canterbury . The corner pillars are composed of four such round links with complementary services. The Ostarkatur opens to the east into the lower Trinity Chapel. The first altar was consecrated here in 1225. In the southwest corner of this chapel is a shrine containing the bones of Bishop Osmund, who was buried here in 1226. Osmund is considered to be an important initiator in the completion of the previous church in Old Sarum. The Pope canonized him in 1457, after which he received a new magnificently furnished shrine. However, this was destroyed during the Reformation.

A fresco cyclos in the vault above the four main arms of the choir, handed down through old drawings, was partially repainted in the 19th century. He is said to have depicted figures of prophets in medallions above the high choir , Christ in a mandorla above the east crossing, surrounded by the four evangelists and apostles, angels above the transept arms and the monthly work above the chancel .

Trinity Chapel

To the east of the presbytery is the Trinity Chapel , which is also used as the Lady Chapel . The chapel is separated from the side aisles behind the east arcade of the high choir by bundles of several “en délit” services . Limestone pillars are missing here. The chapel also adjoins the two east bays of the extended side aisles and a central room protruding two bays to the east, which is divided into three aisles by individual Purbeck marble shafts. This three-aisled hall is reminiscent of the Saint-Serge church in Angers and certainly influenced the corresponding Lady Chapel in Winchester . Unlike the French Gothic (about when started in the same year Cathedral of Amiens , the individual space segments are juxtaposed) and not merged into a single area effect.

Cloister and Chapter House

Cloister
View through the nave, the two organ works to the side
Cathedral clock

The cloister and chapter house ( Chapter House , house of the cathedral chapter ) on an octagonal floor plan were built in 1240-1270 and 1263-1284 on the model of Westminster Abbey . Two Lebanon cedars were planted in the courtyard of the cloister on the occasion of Queen Victoria's accession to the throne in 1837 . The cloister is the largest in the British Isles. It was started around 1270 and completed around 1310. The construction process is best viewed in the choice of keystones in the four-part ribbed vaults. Around 1280 a two-year vestibule was added to the chapter house .

In contrast to the cathedral, the Salisbury chapter house is richly decorated with sculptures. In the archivolt of the entrance there are small sculptures that represent virtues and vices. The gusset of the dazzle is in turn enriched by reliefs that tell the story of creation in the Old Testament . Furthermore, numerous head consoles with young and old, happy and sad faces were placed on the profiles of the arcature. In the east axis is the place of the cathedral dean, which is marked with a bearded male head looking to three sides. The outer walls of the chapter house are broken up by large-scale, four-lane tracery windows that lie above a base arcature. The resulting room was already flooded with light in the Middle Ages. The grisaille glasses used in the construction were replaced in the 19th century.

The vault of the chapter house is slender and umbrella-shaped. It rests on a narrow central pillar made up of eight “en délit” services made of Purbeck marble. 16 ribs emanate from the pillar: eight diagonal ribs and eight more, each branching into a three-beam. This creates a star pattern in the floor plan.

  • View through the nave

  • View through the nave with the side galleries

  • Window in the aisle

  • Side altar

  • View of the main altar

  • North transept with a window from 1895, contains the chapel dedicated to St. Edmund and St. Thomas

Library

The cathedral library was set up around 1445 on the east side of the cloister. It contains one of the four remaining manuscripts of the Magna Charta , which has been in Salisbury since 1215 and is considered the best preserved copy.

Clock

The clock Salisbury Cathedral was assembled to 1386 and installed in 1792 to free-standing bell tower. It is the oldest functioning church tower clock in Great Britain and probably the world over. The clock has no dial, but a bell rings every hour on the hour. After the campanile was demolished, craftsmen installed the clock in the remaining tower of the cathedral, where it was in operation until 1884. It was then dismantled, stored and forgotten, but accidentally rediscovered in one of the cathedral's attics in 1929. After repairs and restoration in 1956, it was put back into operation. In 2007, further repairs and renovation work followed.

On the opposite side of the nave is a rare semicircular wooden chest from the 13th century in which the vestments of the clergy were kept.

organ

The cathedral organ was built in the workshop of Henry Willis & Sons in 1877 . In 1934 the instrument was equipped with new action mechanisms and received a new console in which numerous new couplings were integrated. The organ builders have changed the arrangement slightly, the solo work was housed in a swell box. The instrument was last extensively overhauled in 1993. The pipework from 1877 has remained largely untouched over time.

The organ is located in the main nave, it is divided into two parts, each of which is embedded in the side niches of the main nave to the side aisles. The swell and the choir are on the south side, the main work and the solo work on the north side. The pedals are divided on both sides. The organ has 65 stops on four manual works and a pedal . The actions are electric.

I choral work C – c 4
1. Lovely Gedackt 16 ′
2. Open diapason 8th'
3. Flute harmonique 8th'
4th Lovely Gedackt 8th'
5. Salicional 8th'
6th Gemshorn 4 ′
7th Flute harmonique 4 ′
8th. Lovely Gedackt 4 ′
9. Nazard 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
10. Flageolet 2 ′
11. Tierce 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
12. Trumpet 8th'
Tremulant
II main work C – c 4
13. Double Open Diapason 16 ′
14th 1st Open Diapason 8th'
15th 2nd Open Diapason 8th'
16. Claribel Flute 8th'
17th Stopped diapason 8th'
18th 1st principal 4 ′
19th 2nd principal 4 ′
20th Flute envelope 4 ′
21st Twelfth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
22nd Fifteenth 2 ′
23. Mixture IV
24. Trombones 16 ′
25th Trumpet 8th'
26th Clarion 4 ′
III Swell C – c 4
27. Contra gamba 16 ′
28. Open diapason 8th'
29 Lovely Gedackt 8th'
30th Viola de gamba 8th'
31. Vox Angelica 8th'
32. Octave 4 ′
33. Flute harmonique 4 ′
34. Great Octave 2 ′
35. Mixture III
36. Vox Humana 8th'
37. Skin boy 8th'
38. Contra fagotto 16 ′
39. Trumpets 8th'
40. Clarion 4 ′
Tremulant
IV Solo work C – c 4
41. violoncello 8th'
42. Cello Celestes 8th'
43. Flute harmonique 8th'
44. Flute harmonique 4 ′
45. Cor Anglais 16 ′
46. Clarinet 8th'
47. Orchestral oboe 8th'
48. tuba 8th'
49. Tuba Clarion 4 ′
Tremulant
Pedals C – f 1
50. Double Open Diapason 32 ′
51. Open bass 16 ′
52. 1st Open Diapason 16 ′
53. 2nd Open Diapason 16 ′
54. Violone 16 ′
55. Bourdon 16 ′
56. Lovely Gedackt 16 ′
57. Octave 8th'
58. viola 8th'
59. Flood 8th'
60. Octave viola 4 ′
61. Octave Flute 4 ′
62. Mixture IV
63. Contra trumpet 32 ′
64. Ophicleide 16 ′
65. Clarion 8th'
  • Normal coupling, sub and super octave coupling
List of organists

General

The cathedral stands in its own district, the Close , which is typical for English cathedrals . It is largely surrounded by a wall and was the residence of the cathedral chapter and all clerics of the cathedral in the Middle Ages . Three remaining gates, including the North Gate in the north, lead into the interior. It is the largest of its kind in the UK. In the area of ​​the district there are several architectural monuments, such as the College of Matrons from 1685, which housed widows of clergymen and the house of the headmasters Braybrooke House . In 1714 the school building Wren Hall was built . Hemingsby House, long used as a residence for canons, dates back to the 14th century . The Close 32, 33 was built in the 18th century .

There are also modern works of art in the vicinity of the cathedral. To the northwest is the Walking Madonna sculpture, created in 1981, and the 2011 work Angels: Harmony .

The history of Salisbury Cathedral is considered to be the model for the novel The Pillars of the Earth by Ken Follett . Parts of the filming of the television version of the novel of the same name also took place here.

See also

literature

  • Harry Batsford, Charles Fry: The Cathedrals of England , 7th Edition, BT Batsford Ltd., London 1948
  • Alec Clifton-Tylor: The Cathedrals of England , Thames & Hudson, London 2001
  • David Watkin: English Architecture: A Concise History , Thames & Hudson, London 2001, ISBN 978-0-500-20171-8 , pp. 40-75
  • John Cannon: Cathedral: The Great English Cathedrals and the World That Made Them, 600-1540 , Constable, London 2007, ISBN 978-1-84119-841-5 , pp. 11-17; Pp. 415-422
  • Hans Koepf , Günther Binding : Picture Dictionary of Architecture (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 194). 4th, revised edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-520-19404-X .
  • Günter Kowa: Salisbury and the strict style in architecture of the English Gothic , DuMont Buchverlag, Cologne 1990, pp. 123–130
  • John Wilkinson: Salisbury Cathedral's secrets: laying the foundations , Capivard, 2003
  • Laurence Keen, Thomas Cocke: Medieval art and architecture at Salisbury Cathedral in British Archaeological Association Conference Transactions, Volume 17 , British Archaeological Association, 1996, ISBN 978-0-901286-67-3
  • Louis Grodecki : Chapter IV. The particularism in the 13th and 14th centuries in world history of architecture. Gotik , Deutsche-Verlags-Anstalt GmbH, Stuttgart 1986, pp. 96-102
  • Sydney Evans: Salisbury Cathedral: A reflective Guide , Michael Russell Publishing, Salisbury 1985.
  • Ute Engel: Architecture of the Gothic in England in Rolf Toman (Hrsg.): Gotik - Architektur. Sculpture. Painting , Tandem Verlag, 2004, pp. 118–136
  • Johanna Mähner: Salisbury Cathedral and Its Diversity of Flying Buttresses (PDF). In: Karl-Eugen Kurrer , Werner Lorenz , Volker Wetzk (eds.): Proceedings of the Third International Congress on Construction History. Neunplus, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-936033-31-1 , pp. 975-982

Web links

Commons : Salisbury Cathedral  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Harry Batsford, Charles Fry: The Cathedrals of England , p. 83.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Leaflet from 2000, issued on the occasion of a visit to the cathedral.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h Ute Engel: Architektur der Gotik in England , S. 118/119.
  4. ↑ a b c d e Clifton-Tylor: pp. 99-106
  5. ^ Günter Kowa: Architecture of the English Gothic , p. 61/62.
  6. ↑ The cathedral of Salisbury: From the foundation to the fifteenth century in british-history online.
  7. ^ Daniel Baumann: Stephen Langton: Archbishop of Canterbury in England of Magna Carta (1207-1228) in Volume 144 of Studies in medieval and Reformation traditions , BRILL, 2009, pp. 391-393.
  8. ↑ Also called Lady Chapel by some authors , as it is also used as the Lady Chapel in Salisbury
  9. ↑ Ute Engel: Architecture of the Gothic in England, p. 136
  10. ↑ New baptismal font
  11. ↑ Ute Engel: Architecture of the Gothic in England, p. 130.
  12. ↑ Oldest Working Clock, Frequently Asked Questions, Salisbury Cathedral . Retrieved April 8, 2009.
  13. ↑ Clock repaired, Salisbury Cathedral . Retrieved January 17, 2008.
  14. ^ Wiltshire, Salisbury Cathedral of the Blessed Virgin Mary . National Pipe Organ Register. Retrieved May 7, 2011.
  15. ↑ Information on the organ
  16. ↑ Ken Follett: Kingsbridge: Real or fictional? ( Memento of the original from June 23, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ken-follett.com


Coordinates: 51 ° 3 '53 "  N , 1 ° 47' 51"  W.