Sarum custom

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The Sarum Usus (to German custom of Salisbury ; after the Latin name of Old Salisbury , Sarisburium or Old Sarum ) is a set of rules for the management of a cathedral chapter . It was also a collection of liturgical texts, which is why it is incorrectly called the Sarum rite . The Sarum custom was written down by Richard Poore (also written Richard Le Poore), Bishop of Sarum or Salisbury . Both the administrative and the liturgical side of the Sarum custom was soon considered so exemplary that it was adopted by many cathedrals in England .

Monastery organization

As an organization book, the Sarum custom was intended for the monastery administration and was soon adopted as a model by other monasteries. Poore simplified the constitutional structure of Bishop Osmund von Sées from the later 11th century. The leadership of the chapter was therefore in the hands of the dean and the subordinate officials, the cantor, treasurer and the chancellor (who administered the cathedral school). These dignitaries took their places at the four corners of the choir stalls. Several archdeacons shared the administration of the diocese. The remainder of the cathedral chapter was made up of prebendars, i.e. holders of prebends . Real estate was linked to all offices, mostly in the form of country churches, manors, houses or shops.

The prebend system gradually developed. By the 13th century most of the cathedrals had reached their final number. Lincoln had 58 prebends, Wells 55, Salisbury 52, York 36. The more economically the goods were managed, the greater the income they produced.

liturgy

The Sarum Usus (Liturgy of Salisbury) specified the details for processions , celebrations , chants and liturgical texts of the church year. The processions began and ended in the high or collegiate choir and moved from the high altar to the side altars.

Church building and liturgy

In the central nave of the choir, the functional zones lined up from west to east: the lectorium ( rood screen ) with the choir of the clergy was followed by the chancel ( presbytery ), then the retro choir for a possible sanctuary , followed by the Marien ( Lady Chapel) ) or a Trinity Chapel. This model of the architectural implementation of the Sarum custom was most artfully implemented in the construction of Salisbury Cathedral .

literature

  • Günter Kowa: Architecture of the English Gothic. DuMont Buchverlag, Cologne 1990, pp. 35–39, pp. 125–129.
  • Frederick Thomas Bergh:  Sarum Rite . In: Catholic Encyclopedia , Volume 13, Robert Appleton Company, New York 1912.
  • Monumenta ritualia ecclesiæ Anglicanæ: the occasional offices of the church of England according to the old use of Salisbury, the Prymer in English, and other prayers and forms. Volume 1. Clarendon Press, 1882 ( online ).
  • Charles Walker: The Liturgy of the Church of Sarum. Together with the Calendar of the Same Church. Translated ... With an Introduction by Rev. TT Carter. Second ed. JT Hayes, 1870 (English, 155 pp., Limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed May 19, 2017]).

Web links

  • J. Robert Wright: The Sarum Use. (PDF; 34.9 kB) anglicanhistory.org, 2002, accessed on May 19, 2017 (English).