Hōjō Yoshitoki

Hōjō Yoshitoki ( Japanese 北 条 泰 時 ; * 1163 ; † 1224 ) was the actual ruler of the Kamakura shogunate as shikken at a time when his family was at the height of their power.

Life path

Hōjō Yoshitoki was the second but oldest surviving son of Hōjō Tokimasa , the key figure in the Hōjō's rise to the ruling family of the Kamakura shogunate .

Yoshitoki took part in the Gempei War as part of the bodyguard of the Shogun Minamoto no Yoritomo († 1199) . His older sister Masako was the Shogun's wife. In 1203 she put the son of the shogun Minamoto no Yoriie down with the help of her brother . After they had banished their father Tokimasa two years later, Yoshitoki was able to rise to the de facto ruler of Bakufu . The de jure shogun, Kujō Yoritsune, was not able to rule.

1217/12/13 he became provincial governor of Mutsu ( 陸 奥 守 , Mutsu no kami ), from which he resigned in 1222/8/16.

The victory of the warriors over the courtly faction in the Jōkyū War in 1221 finally ensured dominance over the imperial court. After the murder of Ōe Chikahiro and Iga Mitsusue , brother of the last wife of Yoshitoki, by troops of the rebellious Go-Toba in the Jōkyū war, a strong garrison ( Rokuhara Tandai ) was stationed in the capital's Rokuhara district to protect the interests of Bakufu. This also expanded the controlled territory to the west. The 3,000 latifundia confiscated as a result of the war were distributed among the Hōjō and the Bakufu vassals. The appointment of regents for emperors , as well as the resignation of a Tennō now required the approval of Bakufu , in which the Hōjō were decisive until 1333.

Yoshitoki died in 1224, presumably poisoned by one of his wives, a daughter of Iga Tomomitsu . This was part of a plot involving the Miura in which Masamura was to be shikken instead of the older Yasutoki . She was supported by the Ichijō , who wanted to install their favorite Sanemasa instead of the designated Kujō Mitora (as Shogun: Yoritsune ) . The conspirators were only banished by Yasutoki, and Masamura was found innocent.

family

Women:

• Awa no tsubone from the Minamoto clan
• Hime no Mae , daughter of Hiki Tomomune (since 1192)
• a daughter of Iga Tomomitsu , probably his poisoner
• Iga Mitsumune a daughter of Iga Tomomas , from the Uda branch of the Minamoto

Sons:

1. Hōjō Yasutoki * 1183 from Awa no tsubone ; from 1224 shikken as his father's successor; † 1242
2. Hōjō Tomotoki * 1194 ( Hime no Mae ); General in the Jōkyū War; Founder of the Nagoshi line of the family, exiled to a monastery in 1247
3. Hōjō Shigetoki * 1198 ( Hime no Mae )
4. Hōjō Masamura * 1205; Bakufu official.
5. Tokinori (died young)
6. Naomura (died young)
7. Hōjō Aritoki (daughter of Iga Tomomasa )
8. Hōjō Saneyasu (mother unknown), died at a young age before he could make a career in administration. His son Hōjō Sanetoki became the founder of the Kanazawa library , the first educational institution in the Kantō .
9. Hōjō Tokinao (mother unknown); Bakufu official.

Daughters: The daughters were married into high-ranking noble families in order to raise the status of the usurping family.

1. married first to Ichijō Sanemasa , later to Michitoki from the Murakami branch of Minamoto.
2. married first to Ōe Chikahiro who fell in the Jōkyū war on the side of Go-Toba . Her second husband was Naidaijin Tsuchimikado Sadamichi
3. Wife of Fujiwara no Saneari
4. Wife of Nakahara Takatoki
5. Wife of Ichijō Yoshimoto
6. Ashikaga Sadauji's wife

literature

• Yasuda Motohisa: Hōjō Yoshitoki . Jinbutsu Sōsho No. 82, 1961
• Carl Steenstrup: Hōjō Shigetoki (1198-1261), and his Role in the History of Political and Ethical Ideas in Japan . Malmö 1979, ISBN 0-7007-0132-X (dissertation), chapter 3
• Martin Ramming (Ed.): Japan Handbuch . Berlin 1941, p. 222

See also

• Regents for shoguns