1214
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Calendar overview 1214
Map with all linked sites: | 1214 | |
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| 1214 in other calendars | |
| Armenian calendar | 662/663 (turn of the year July) |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1206/07 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1757/58 (southern Buddhism); 1756/57 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana ) |
| Chinese calendar | 65th (66th) cycle
Year of the Wood Dog甲戌 ( at the beginning of the year water tap 癸酉) |
| Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam) | 576/577 (turn of the year April) |
| Iranian calendar | 592/593 |
| Islamic calendar | 610/611 (turn of the year 12/13 May) |
| Jewish calendar | 4974/75 (September 5-6) |
| Coptic calendar | 930/931 |
| Malayalam calendar | 389/390 |
| Seleucid era | Babylon: 1524/25 (turn of the year April)
Syria: 1525/26 (New Year October) |
| Spanish era | 1252 |
| Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar) | 1270/71 (turn of the year April) |
Events
Politics and world events
Franco-English War
The English King John Ohneland plans to hit Philip II of France with a pincer attack in the Franco-English War and thus to recapture the Angevin Empire . While he is leading an expedition to Poitou himself, another English army under William Longespée is supposed to unite in Flanders with the allied armies of the Roman-German Emperor Otto IV and other allies.
King John lands in La Rochelle in February . After initially making forays into the Limousin and Gascony, he marched through Poitou in May , where he first beat the Lusignan family and finally won them over with a promise of marriage between his daughter Johanna and Hugo X. von Lusignan . Then he turned north, conquered Nantes and was able to move into Angers again. While besieging the castle of Roche-aux-Moines north of Angers, the French Prince Ludwig appears with an army in front of the castle. John's French allies abandon him and flee.
- July 2 : The battle of Roche-aux-Moines between the French Crown Prince Ludwig and the English King Johann Ohneland ends without a direct encounter between the two armies, as Johann fled the battlefield.
- July 27th : In the battle of Bouvines the French under King Philip II. August win over an Anglo-Guelph army under Emperor Otto IV. And William Longespée and win large parts of the Angevin Empire .
Philip II fighting with Ferdinand of Flanders (left), the captured Count of Flanders (right)
- The French army marched back to Paris that evening. In the battle it can capture five counts and at least twenty-five banner masters of the enemy. Among them are the Counts Rainald von Boulogne and Ferdinand von Flanders. As a result, Emperor Otto loses the support of the imperial princes, who switch to the side of Staufer Friedrich II .
- September 18 : Through church mediation, England and France sign a five-year armistice agreement.
- October: Johann returns to England and is faced with an opposition from the nobility .
- English barons meet at Bury St. Edmunds and swear an oath to force King John Plantagenet to grant basic freedoms to the nobility.
Albigensian Crusade
- Beginning of the year: Despite his overwhelming victory in the Battle of Muret, the Occitan cities continue to resist the leader of the Albigensian Crusade, Simon de Montfort . Narbonne and Montpellier refuse to allow him to move in, only Nîmes opens the gates after a threatening gesture.
- January 23 : Pope Innocent III. Simon de Montfort threatens with excommunication if he does not hand over the young King James I of Aragon, who is in his power, to the papal legate, which he finally does in April.
- May 3rd : The heavily indebted Bernard Aton VI. Trencavel transfers his lands to Simon de Montfort.
- May 5 : A large reinforcement army for the Crusaders in southern France, organized by the papal legate Robert von Courson , arrives from northern France.
- Over the summer, the crusade army conquered and destroyed other cities. Among other things, on August 18, the city of Casseneuil is razed to the ground and the population massacred. In December Simon de Montfort took over all of Count Raimund VI's lands . brought under his control by Toulouse with the exception of the city of Toulouse .
Holy Roman Empire
- April: After the childless death of Heinrich the Younger of Braunschweig, King Friedrich II enfeoffs the Bavarian Duke Ludwig from the House of Wittelsbach with the Palatinate near Rhine .
- After the death of Jarl Håkon Galen , King Inge II of Norway inherits his part of the kingdom according to the succession treaty of 1212 and thus becomes king of the entire area controlled by the Birkebeiner . Inge's sudden increase in power forces the rebellious farmers of Trøndelag to make a comparison.
Asia
- The Rum Seljuks under Sultan Kai Kaus I conquer the city of Sinope, part of the Trapezunt Empire . The leader of the defenders David Komnenos falls, his brother Emperor Alexios I has to pay tribute.
- Because of the attack on Beijing by the Mongols under Genghis Khan , Kaifeng becomes the capital of the Chinese Jin dynasty .
City rights and first documentary mentions
- First written mention of Alesheim , Courlevon , Drolshagen , Gurbrü , Hof , Hundheim , Mondfeld , Schwarme , Steinbach , Werbeln and Witten
- Bielefeld is granted city rights by Count Hermann IV from Ravensberg .
science and technology
- Robert Grosseteste becomes Chancellor of Oxford University .
religion
- Andreas von Guttenstein becomes Bishop of Prague as the successor to Daniel Milík , who died on March 30th .
- June 24th : Gilbert de Glanville dies. His successor as Bishop of Rochester is on 13 December Benedict of Sawston chosen, which is located at this time, especially in Paris.
- Before Otto, newly elected after the death of Walther von Vatz , can be ordained as Bishop of Gurk , he dies on June 30th . Heinrich von Pettau is appointed as his successor .
Born
Date of birth saved
- April 25 : Louis IX. ("The saint"), King of France († 1270 )
- July 29 : Sturla Þórðarson , Icelandic writer and skald († 1284 )
Exact date of birth unknown
- Isabella of England , Empress of the Holy Roman Empire and Queen of Sicily († 1241 )
- al-Qurtubī , Andalusian Islamic Asharite theologian and scholar († 1272 )
Born around 1214
- Alexander Stewart , Scottish nobleman and High Stewart of Scotland († around 1283 )
Died
First half of the year
- February 13 : Theobald I , Count of Bar and Luxemburg (* around 1158 )
- March 12 : Baldwin of Toulouse , Vice Count of Bruniquel and Lautrec (* 1165 )
- March 30th : Daniel Milík , Bishop of Prague
- April 16 or 26 : Heinrich (VI.) The Younger of Braunschweig , Count Palatine near Rhine (* around 1196 )
- April: William II , Lord of Béthune, Richebourg and Varneston, and hereditary advocatus of the Church and Abbey of Saint-Vaast of Arras
- before May 26th: Bernard , Archbishop of Ragusa and Bishop of Carlisle
- June 24 : Gilbert de Glanville , Bishop of Rochester
- Middle of the year: Gaston VI. , Vice-Count of Béarn, Count of Bigorre and Vice-Count of Marsan
Second half of the year
- after July 2nd: Henri I. Clément , Lord of Mez and Argentan and Marshal of France (* 1170 )
- July 27 : Étienne de Longchamps , French knight and lord of the castle
- July 30th : Otto I. , Bishop (Elect) of Gurk
- August 8 : Tore Gudmundsson , Archbishop of Nidaros in Norway
- August 30th : Petrus Capuanus , Italian patrician, cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church
- September 14 : Albert of Jerusalem , Bishop of Bobbio, Bishop of Vercelli and Patriarch of Jerusalem, saint of the Catholic Church (* around 1149 )
- October 5th or 6th : Alfonso VIII , King of Castile (* 1155 )
- October 18 : John de Gray , Bishop of Norwich and Justiciar of Ireland
- October: Eleonore Plantagenet , Countess of Gascogne and Queen of Castile (* 1162 )
- October: Aubrey de Vere, 2nd Earl of Oxford , English magnate (* around 1163 )
- before November: David Komnenos , founder and co-emperor of the Trapezunt Empire (* around 1184 )
- December 4th : William I ("the lion"), King of Scotland (* 1143 )
- after Christmas: Håkon Galen , Norwegian Jarl (* 1170 )
Exact date of death unknown
- Gerard de Canville , Anglo-Norman nobleman
- Maurus von Salerno , southern Italian doctor, medical writer and teacher (* around 1130 )
Web links
Commons : 1214 - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
