Etienne de Longchamps

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Étienne de Longchamps (Latin: Stephanus de Longo Campo , English: Stephen Longchamp ; † July 27, 1214 at Bouvines ) was a French knight and lord of the castle in the 12th and 13th centuries.

Étienne came from a lower Norman noble family, which had its origins in the municipality of Longchamps ( Dép. Eure ). His parents were the knight Hugues de Longchamps and his wife Eva, who probably came from the Lacy family . One of his brothers was Guillaume de Longchamps († 1197), who very early became a close confidante of Richard the Lionheart and was appointed Bishop of Ely by him in 1189 . Via his brother, Étienne may also have joined Richard's entourage, who made him one of his knights. While his brother had risen to become Lord Chancellor of England, he took part in the Third Crusade and fought in the siege of Acre . After taking Acre, Étienne was appointed commander of the city together with Bertram de Verdun on August 21, 1191, while Richard the Lionheart and the rest of the army moved on to Jaffa the next day . In 1192 he rejoined the main army and distinguished himself in the battle for Beit Nuba (Betenoble).

Étienne was married to the Anglo-Norman nobleman Alice de Gailly, who brought him the Mutfort estate in Suffolk and Baudemont castle in Vexin, Norman . For Richard the Lionheart he fought in the war against Philip II. August , but in the Peace of Louviers (1196) Richard ceded his feudal lordship over the Vexin to the French king, which is why Étienne now had to pay homage to Baudemont. But he remained in Richard's entourage and after his death in 1199 initially also served his brother, King Johann Ohneland . In the next few years, however, like most of the other vassals on the French mainland, he distanced himself from Johann Ohneland and in 1204 went completely over to Philip II August's side when he conquered Normandy, which cost him the possession of Mutford.

From then on, Étienne served the King of France, from whom he received land donations in the Pays d'Auge in 1213 . He fought at his side on July 27, 1214 in the Battle of Bouvines and was killed when a knife struck him in the head through the slit in his helmet. He was described by Wilhelm Brito as a brave, devoted and loyal knight ( miles probus et fidei integræ ).

literature

  • Anatole Caresme Charpillon: Dictionnaire historique de toutes les communes du department de l'Eure , Volume II, p. 448f (Delcroix, Les Andelys, 1879)
  • David Balfour: Origins of the Longchamp Family , In: Medieval Prosopography 18 (1997)
  • Maurice Powicke: Loss of Normandy, 1198–1204 (Manchester University Press, 1999)

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi et Regis Ricardi Benedicti abbatis , ed. by William Stubbs in: Rolls Series 49 (1867), Vol. 3, p. 190
  2. ↑ Itinerary of Richard I V, §52, ed. by HG Bohn in: Chronicles of the Crusades: being contemporary narratives of the crusade of Richard Cœur de Lion (1848), p. 299
  3. ↑ Thomas Stapleton: Magni Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniae sub regibus Angliae II, cxv-vi (1844)
  4. ↑ Catalog des actes de Philippe Auguste , ed. by Léopold Delisle (1856), no. 1446, pp. 328–329.
  5. ^ Wilhelm Brito: De Gestis Philippi Augusti , ed. by Léopold Delisle in: Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 17 (1878), p. 97
personal data
SURNAME Etienne de Longchamps
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Stephanus de Longo Campo, Stephen Longchamp
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Lord von Baudemont and Mutford, crusaders
DATE OF BIRTH 12th Century
DATE OF DEATH July 27, 1214
Place of death Bouvines