Sinop

Sinop
Climate diagram
	Temperature in ° C , precipitation in mm
	Source: State Meteorological Office of the Turkish Republic, normal period 1981-2010

	Sinop
	; Sinop from above
Basic data
Province (il) :	Sinop
Coordinates :	42 ° 2 ' N , 35 ° 9' E Coordinates: 42 ° 1 '30 " N , 35 ° 8' 50" E
Residents :	54,260 (2019)
Telephone code :	(+90) 368
Postal code :	57,000
License plate :	57
Structure and administration (as of 2019)
Structure :	13 Mahalle
Mayor :	Barış Ayhan ( CHP )
Postal address :	Meydankapı Mahallesi, ; Ataturk Cd. No: 8 ; 57000 Sinop
Website:	www.sinop.bel.tr
Sinop County
Residents :	65,845 (2019)
Surface:	442 km²
Population density :	149 inhabitants per km²

Sinop ( ancient Greek Σινώπη Sinope , German Sinope ), port city and seaside resort on the Black Sea , is the capital of the Turkish province of Sinop in northern Anatolia . Sinop is also the center of a district that reports directly to the governor, the central district ( Merkez ).

geography

Sinop is the northernmost district town of Anatolia and is about 300 kilometers (as the crow flies) northeast of Ankara. The city is affected by the Black Sea coast road (D010) and has its own airport.

The central district ( Merkez ) is also the northernmost district of Anatolia and borders the Erfelek district in the west, the Boyabat district in the south and the Gerze district in the southeast. It is the most populous in the province and, in addition to the district town, consists of 38 villages ( Köy ) with an average of 308 inhabitants. Abalı (960), Dibekli (776) and Demirci (668) are the largest, 15 villages have more than 308 (= average) inhabitants. Four former villages ( Bostancılı , Korucuk , Ordu and Osmaniye ) became districts ( mahalle ) of Sinop in 2018 .

With a population density of 146 inhabitants per km², the district is four times the provincial value, the urban population is 81.86 percent.

Climate table

Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Sinop

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C )	9.7	9.4	10.7	14.2	18.4	23.3	26.2	26.8	23.5	19.5	15.2	11.8	O	17.4
Min. Temperature (° C)	4.7	3.9	5.1	8.0	12.2	16.9	20.0	20.6	17.5	13.9	9.5	6.6	O	11.6
Temperature (° C)	7.0	6.3	7.5	10.6	14.9	19.9	23.0	23.4	20.1	16.3	12.1	9.0	O	14.2

Precipitation ( mm )	72.6	52.0	51.7	37.3	33.9	36.7	39.6	42.3	65.3	98.2	91.8	83.9	Σ	705.3

Hours of sunshine ( h / d )	2.2	3.0	4.0	5.3	6.6	8.3	9.1	8.5	6.6	4.6	3.1	2.1	O	5.3

Rainy days ( d )	15.1	12.8	13.1	11.4	9.9	8.5	5.9	6.5	8.7	12.7	13.0	15.6	Σ	133.2

Source: State Meteorological Office of the Turkish Republic, normal period 1981-2010

Population development

The following table shows the comparative population level at the end of the year for the province, the central district and the city of Sinop as well as the respective share at the higher administrative level. The figures are based on the address-based population register (ADNKS) introduced in 2007.

year	province	district		city
year	absolutely	proportionally (%)	absolutely	proportionally (%)	absolutely
2018	219.733	29.37	64,544	81.86	52,837
2017	207,427	30.47	63.205	66.83	42,242
2016	205,478	30.03	61,708	67.07	41,386
2015	204.133	29.82	60,880	66.80	40,667
2014	204,526	29.13	59,571	65.87	39,239
2013	204,568	28.35	58.005	66.30	38,459
2012	201.311	28.51	57,399	67.20	38,571
2011	203.027	27.93	56,711	68.25	38,705
2010	202.740	27.47	55,686	67.72	37,708
2009	201.134	27.37	55.056	66.72	36,734
2008	200,791	26.69	53,584	66.05	35,393
2007	198.412	26.54	52,667	65.99	34,755

Census results

The following population information about the city, the district, the province and the country is available for the censuses:

region	1965	1970	1975	1980	1985	1990	2000
City (Şehir)	13,354	15.096	16,098	18,328	23,148	25,537	30.502
central circle (Merkez)	38,663	37,979	39,056	42,745	47,437	49,844	49,839
Province (İl)	266,069	265,655	267,605	276.242	280.140	265.153	225,574
Turkey	31,391,421	35.605.176	40,347,719	44,736,957	50,664,458	56.473.035	67,803,927

history

Sinope has played an important role as a cultural and commercial center on the Black Sea for several millennia. The oldest traces of human settlement date from the Bronze Age . Sinope was an early Black Sea colony of on the west coast of Asia Minor lying Greek city of Miletus . The oldest archaeological evidence of Greek settlement dates from the late seventh century BC. BC, which goes well with Eusebius' founding date 631 BC. Chr. Fits. The authenticity of a much earlier first foundation before the middle of the eighth century BC BC, which some ancient authors mention ( Pseudo-Skymnos , indirectly Strabo ), is controversial in modern research.

Sinop seen from the port

Drachm from Sinope, eagle over dolphin, approx. 365-322 BC Minted

According to these reports, the Thessalians Autolycus, Deileon and Phlogios settled there after they had taken part in a campaign against the Amazons . A little later, before the arrival of the Cimmerians (see below), the Milesians Abrondas founded a new company. A very early first establishment is confirmed by a position at Strabo, in which it is said that Autolykos was venerated as the city founder in Sinope and that Miletus did not re-establish it until later. If the early first founding date were to apply, Sinope would be the oldest Greek colony in the Black Sea region. In the seventh century BC BC, Cimmerians who lived around 700 BC Were invaded in Asia Minor, among other things "in the area around Sinope" down. They are said to have expelled the early Greek colonists. A Cimmerian grave, which proves the presence of the Cimmerians in this area, was discovered a few years ago south of Sinop. After the Cimmerians were driven out by the Lydians in the last third of the seventh century, Milesians settled (again?) .

Sinope became one of the most important colonies, and many more colonies along the Black Sea coast - including Amisos (today's Samsun ), Kerasous ( Giresun ), and Trapezous ( Trabzon ) - were founded from Sinope, which made it very important in itself . Sinope often had the nymph Sinope on the obverse and a sea eagle over a dolphin on the reverse on its coins.

183 BC Pharnakes I conquered Sinope and made it the capital of the kingdom of Pontus . After the defeat of the Pontic king Mithridates VI. 64 BC BC against the Roman general Pompeius Magnus , the Romans incorporated Pontus into their empire, and Sinopes' influence decreased. Julius Caesar founded in 46 BC A colony in Sinope.

The Battle of Sinope by Ivan Aivazovsky (1853)

After the Seljuks conquered the city in 1214, the city regained importance and belonged to the Ottoman Empire from 1458 . After the devastating naval battle of Lepanto in 1571, the Ottoman Sultan Selim II had several hundred ships built in Sinope for the empire's fleet . For this, workers from all over the Ottoman Empire were brought to Sinope, many of whom settled in the region. Like the Greeks ( Pontic Greeks ), Circassians , Georgians , Bulgarians and Turks, they contributed to the cultural diversity.

On November 30, 1853, shortly after the outbreak of the Crimean War , the Russian Black Sea Fleet , under Vice Admiral Nakhimov , attacked the Ottoman port of Sinope with high explosive shells and set all ships there on fire. Large parts of the city burned down. The event has become known as the sea battle at Sinope .

Significance for art history

The production of chalk from the area around Sinope was of great importance for preliminary drawings in painting, especially for fresco painting of the Italian Renaissance . The painters obtained a special ocher-colored chalk from Sinope with which they made sketches and preliminary drawings. The pigment and the drawings so produced are Sinopia or sinopia known (see. The Sinopienmuseum in Pisa ).

In Sinop there is the Balatlar Church from the seventh century.

Personalities

Diogenes (around 400–323 BC), Cynical philosopher
Diphilus (poet) (around 355 BC - after 289 BC), Greek poet of the new comedy
Mithridates VI. (132–63 BC), king of Pontus
Marcion (before 100–160 AD), Christian theologian
Phocas of Sinope († 117 or 303), Christian saint
Rıza Nur (1879–1942), politician
Necmettin Erbakan (1926–2011), former Prime Minister
Hakan Ünsal (* 1973), soccer player
Hasan Özdemir (* 1964), soccer player and coach

literature

Askold I. Ivantchik: The establishment of Sinope and the problems of the initial phase of the Greek colonization of the Black Sea area. In: Gocha R. Tsetskhladze (Ed.): The Greek Colonization of the Black Sea Area. Historical Interpretation of Archeology (= Historia . Individual writings. Vol. 121). Steiner, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-515-07302-7 , pp. 297-330.