Pavel Stepanovich Nakhimov
Pawel Stepanovič Nachimov ( Russian Павел Степанович Нахимов , scientific transliteration Pavel Stepanovič Nachimov ; * 23 June July / 5 July 1802 greg. In Gorodok ; † 30 June jul. / 12 July 1855 greg. In Sevastopol ) was a Admiral of the Imperial Russian Navy . During the Crimean War, he commanded the land and naval forces that defended the fortress during the siege of Sevastopol .
Life
Nachimow was the son of a major a. D. was born in Gorodok, a village near the city of Vyazma in Smolensk Governorate . He entered the St. Petersburg Naval Academy in 1815 and made his first sea voyage to Sweden and Denmark in 1817 on board the frigate Phoenix . In 1818 he passed his exam and was assigned the rank of senior ensign of the Baltic Fleet of the Imperial Russian Navy.
At the beginning of his naval career, his experience was limited to activities in the Baltic Sea and a somewhat longer journey from Arkhangelsk in the White Sea to the Kronstadt naval base near Saint Petersburg . In March 1822 his career took a turn when he was transferred to the frigate Kreisser , which took part in the third world tour under the command of Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev .
During this three-year trip, Nakhimov was promoted to lieutenant and received his first award with the Order of St. Vladimir 4th class. He was then transferred to the Azov liner , whose maiden voyage led from Arkhangelsk to Kronstadt in 1826. In the summer of 1827, the Azov sailed into the Mediterranean as the flagship of the Russian squadron under the command of Rear Admiral Login Petrovich Heiden , a native of the Netherlands, to take part in a joint expedition of the English , French and Russian fleets against the Ottoman Empire . Before leaving the port, Tsar Nicholas I visited the Azov and gave instructions that in the event of fighting with the enemy, the "Russian way" should be dealt with.
The Azov distinguished itself under Lasarev's command in the Battle of Navarino , in which the Ottoman fleet was almost completely destroyed. For his extraordinary achievements, Nakhimov was appointed commander of a captured ship and honored by the Allied governments.
During the Crimean War , Nakhimov made a living by destroying the Ottoman fleet in the victory in the sea battle of Sinope in 1853. But he achieved his greatest achievement during the siege of Sevastopol that followed. Together with Admiral Wladimir Alexejewitsch Kornilow he organized the defense of the city and its port, the home port of the Russian Black Sea Fleet . As port commander and military governor, Nakhimov was de facto commander in chief of the defending land and naval forces. On June 28, 1855, he was fatally wounded by a sniper while inspecting the upstream defenses of Fort Malakow .
Honors
Monuments and naming
Nakhimov was buried together with the two admirals Kornilov and Istomin in the Saint Vladimir Cathedral in Sevastopol. With these three persons all the chief admirals of the Russian defenders fell in the siege of Sevastopol. Lazarev is also buried there.
The Black Sea Naval College in Sevastopol has been named Nakhimov since 1952.
In his honor, a statue was erected in Sevastopol in 1959 on the square named after him, and one of the city's raccoons received his name ( Nakhimov district ). Furthermore, by was Stalin founded in 1944 Marine Military Academy in St. Petersburg and with the donated on March 3, 1944 Order of Nakhimov named the second highest award of Russian Seekriegsflotte after him.
The Nakhimov Medal honored the merits of members of the Soviet naval fleet.
Ships named after the admiral
- The Admiral Nachimow , originally Berlin III , was a passenger ship that sank in the Black Sea on August 31, 1986 . 423 people were killed.
- The Admiral Nachimow was a Russian armored cruiser , one of the first of its kind, which u. a. was used in the Russo-Japanese War .
- The original name of the Slava-class light cruiser Chervona Ukraina (Red Ukraine) was Admiral Nakhimov .
- The Admiral Nakhimov , a Sverdlov-class cruiser , launched June 29, 1951.
- The Admiral Nakhimov , a missile cruiser of the Kresta II class , launched in 1969, scrapped in 1991.
- The Admiral Nakhimov , originally Kalinin , a battle cruiser the Kirov class , launched 1988th
Movies
- Admiral Nakhimov , USSR 1946, directed by Vsevolod Pudowkin
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Nakhimov, Pavel Stepanovich |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Нахимов, Павел Степанович (Russian); Nachimov, Pavel Stepanovič (scientific transliteration) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Russian admiral |
| DATE OF BIRTH | July 5, 1802 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Gorodok |
| DATE OF DEATH | July 12, 1855 |
| Place of death | Sevastopol |