Off-duty
Out of service ( a. D. ) is a trailing addition to an office , service or rank designation .
Germany
Officials and judges
Retirement officials and judges
Officials and judges of the Federal in retirement allowed them in retirement entitlement official title with the addition of "out of service" or "a. D. ”and continue the titles awarded in connection with the office ( Section 86 Paragraph 3 Sentence 1 BBG ). If the name of the previous office changes , the changed office name may be used ( Section 86 Paragraph 3 Sentence 2 BBG ). After changing to another office with a lower final basic salary, in addition to the new official title, that of the previous office with the addition “out of service” or “a. D. “( Section 86 (2) sentence 3 BBG ).
Professors emeritus carry the addition if they have held an office as civil servants (university professor; Annex II BBesG ) and have been retired. This is regularly the case.
Corresponding regulations on retirement officials and judges of the federal states and municipalities can also be found in the civil service laws of the federal states .
Dismissed officials and judges
The highest service authority can grant permission to dismissed federal officials and judges to use the official title with the addition “out of service” or “a. D. “as well as the titles awarded in connection with the office. The permit can be withdrawn if the former civil servant does not prove to be worthy of it ( § 39 S. 2 f. BBG ).
Dismissed federal candidates in preparatory service who have been withdrawn in a civil service relationship may not use their former service title with the addition, since the legal provisions on the right to wear only include official titles.
Corresponding regulations on dismissed civil servants and judges of the federal states and municipalities can also be found in the civil service laws of the federal states .
soldiers
Retired soldiers
Upon entering retirement or on being transferred to retirement , the professional soldier has the right to continue his rank with the addition “out of service” ( Section 44 (7 ) SG ). This regulation does not apply to former members of the National People's Army : The service times in the armed forces of the GDR were viewed as "served in foreign armies" until 2005 and from then as "served outside the Bundeswehr". That is why military GDR ranks may not be listed with the addition "out of service". The education historian Alexander-Martin Sardina explains the controversy surrounding the biographical presentation of a contemporary witness and criticizes the ban as “incomprehensible”.
Former soldiers not retired
Former soldiers may use the rank they acquired in the Bundeswehr with the addition of “the reserve” or “d. R. "if their rank has not only been granted provisionally or temporarily and they are not entitled as a former professional soldier to change their rank with the addition" out of service "or" a. D. “( § 2 Abs. 1 ResG ). If reservists are appointed to military service, they use their rank during the military service without one of these additions ( Section 2 (2 ) ResG ).
Former persons in an office
In Germany, the addition is usually also used by persons who have held a public-law office . (e.g. political officials such as federal chancellors , ministers , senators , parliamentary state secretaries ). For Federal Chancellors and Federal Presidents , the term with the affix "old" is also common, for example former Federal Chancellor .
MPs
Former MPs do not add “out of service” to the designation “Member of the Bundestag” (or any other parliament ) because they were elected officials and not civil servants who had acquired their function by election and could not be put back into service after leaving from parliament.
Officials as members of the Bundestag
Persons whose rights and duties are suspended from the employment relationship because they have been elected as members of the German Bundestag have the right to use their official or service title with the addition "out of service" ("a. D.") ( Section 5 (1) sentence 3 in conjunction with Section 8 (1 ) AbgG ).
Switzerland
In Switzerland, the addition aD or out of service is regulated by law in Art. 95 of the Ordinance on Compulsory Military Service (VMDP). He may be held by military ranks that have been released from compulsory military service . It is irrelevant whether it is a professional military or not, for example a retired colonel .
Civil officials are identified with the addition old in front of the official title as having left their position, for example old community clerk .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Alexander-Martin Sardina: "Hello, girls and boys!" - Foreign language lessons in the Soviet Zone and GDR. Wolff Verlag , Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-941461-28-4 . Page 418 f.
