Kronstadt (Russia)

Borough Kronstadt Кронштадт flag coat of arms Federal district Northwest Russia City with subject status St. Petersburg Founded 1703 surface 19.35  km² population 43,005 inhabitants (as of Oct. 14, 2010) Population density 2222 inhabitants / km² Time zone UTC + 3 Telephone code (+7) 812 Post Code 19776x License Plate 78, 98, 178 OKATO 40 280 501 Website gov.spb.ru Geographical location Coordinates 60 ° 0 ′  N , 29 ° 46 ′  E Coordinates: 60 ° 0 ′ 0 ″  N , 29 ° 46 ′ 0 ″  E

Location in the western part of Russia

Location in Saint Petersburg

Kronstadt ( Russian Кронштадт Kronschtadt ) is a city and former fortress on the Baltic Sea island of Kotlin off Saint Petersburg in Russia . The island is connected to the city by the Petersburg Embankment . Kronstadt with its 43,005 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010) forms a subdivided urban district ( Rajon ) of Saint Petersburg. The Kronstadt gauge serves as a reference level for large parts of Eastern Europe. The historic old town and the many forts that surrounded the port city were from the 1990 UNESCO in the list of World Cultural and Natural Heritage of Humanity added.

history

Plan of Kronstadt (1854)

Nikolai Naval Cathedral

Interior of the Nikolai Naval Cathedral

Tsar Peter I founded the city in 1703 as a naval base on the Baltic Sea . The first completed fortress was Kronschlot . Kronstadt defended the access to the then Russian capital from the Baltic Sea and was therefore only provided with fortifications and coastal batteries in the north, west and south .

In 1803 the first Russian circumnavigation of the world started from Kronstadt under captain Adam Johann von Krusenstern .

The city also became known through the sailors' uprisings of 1905/1906 against the conditions in the Imperial Russian Navy .

During the July uprising in 1917, Kronstadt sailors mutinied.

On August 18, 1919, British speedboats sank the Pamjat Asowa in an attack on the port .

In 1921 there was another rebellion of the Kronstadt sailors against Bolshevik rule; the Kronstadt sailors' uprising was forcibly suppressed by the Red Army under the leadership of the People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs, Leon Trotsky , after an ultimatum had expired .

During the Second World War , the Red Army was able to hold Kronstadt from 1941 to 1944 against the advancing German Wehrmacht . Together with the positions of the Oranienbaum bridgehead , it protected Leningrad from German attacks from the sea during the blockade .

During the Soviet period, Kronstadt was a restricted area as a military town. Access was granted with a pass. Usually only soldiers stationed there and their relatives had this. In 1996 this status was revoked. Since then, the city can also be visited by tourists.

Population development

year	1897	1926	1939	1959	1970	1979	1989	2002	2010
Residents	59,525	31,197	38,071	40,303	39,477	40,308	45.053	43,385	43.005

Note: census data (1897 including military personnel)

Town twinning

Kronstadt lists numerous twin cities :

city country since Annapolis  Maryland, USA - Assipovichy  Belarus 1998 Dax  France - Derbent  Russia 2001 Feodosia  Russia 2010 Kotka  Finland 1993 Marostica  Italy - Messina  Italy 2011 Mulhouse  Thuringia, Germany 1995 Nafplio  Greece 2008

city country since Narva-Jõesuu  Estonia - Novocherkassk  Russia 2004 Oxelösund  Sweden 1995 Piła  Poland 1993 Zelenodolsk  Russia 1997 Sønderborg (Nordborg)  Denmark 1998 Sumoto (Goshiki)  Japan 2001 Toulon  France 1997 Sevastopol  Russia 2013

sons and daughters of the town

• Thomas Tooke (1774-1858), English economist
• Otto Friedrich Theodor Möller (1812–1874), Russian painter of German-Baltic origin
• Alexei Butakow (1816–1869), Russian admiral and explorer
• Michail Britnew (1822–1889), Russian shipowner and shipbuilder
• Johannes von Kronstadt (1829–1909), Russian star ; Archpriest of the Russian Orthodox Church; Saint
• Nikolai Kultschizki (1856–1925), Russian histologist
• Ivan Jendogurow (1861–1898), Russian painter
• Michail von Schulz (1862–1917), Vice Admiral of the Imperial Russian Navy
• Eino Rahja (1885–1936), Finnish and Russian communist and revolutionary
• Nikolai Gumiljow (1886–1921), Russian poet of the Silver Age and one of the protagonists of the literary direction of acmeism
• Ivan Evdokimow (1887–1941), Soviet writer
• Jukka Rahja (1887–1920), Finnish and Russian communist and revolutionary
• Pyotr Kapiza (1894–1984), Russian physicist and 1978 Nobel Prize winner
• Pyotr Sobennikow (1894–1960), Soviet-Russian lieutenant general
• Cleo Nordi (1898–1983), Finnish and Russian dancer and ballet master at Pina Bausch
• Nikolai Dubinin (1907-1998), Russian geneticist
• Alexander Gomelski (1928–2005), Russian basketball player and coach
• Sergei Revyakin (* 1995), Russian football player

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
2. ↑ Города-партнёры ( Russian ), accessed February 1, 2020
3. ^ Kronstadt - Mühlhausen . Archived from the original on December 23, 2014. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 23, 2014. 
4. ↑ Кульчицкий Николай Константинович , hrono.info (Russian)
5. ↑ Ендогуров Иван Иванович , art-catalog.ru (Russian)
6. ↑ Собенников Петр Петрович , encyclopedia.mil.ru (Russian)
7. ↑ Sergey Revyakin , transfermarkt.com (English)

Web links

Commons : Kronstadt  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• www.kotlin.ru (English, Russian)
• Excursion to Kronstadt
• Kronstadt: From naval base to tourist attraction at Russia Beyond the Headlines: News from Russia