List of Nobel Prize Winners in Physics
The Nobel Prize in Physics has been awarded annually since 1901 and has been endowed with 9 million Swedish kronor (approx. 856,000 euros) since 2017 . The selection of the laureates is the responsibility of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences . The founder of the prize, Alfred Nobel , decreed in his will in 1895, in which the award of the award was regulated, that the Nobel Prize for Physics should be awarded to "who has made the most important discovery or invention in the field of physics". The Nobel Prize is presented each year by the King of Sweden on the anniversary of Alfred Nobel's death, December 10th.
Since the first Nobel Prize was awarded, the prize has been awarded a total of 112 times. A total of 211 physicists were honored, including 208 men (98.6%) and three women (1.4%). John Bardeen was the only one to receive the Nobel Prize in Physics twice. From 1901 to 2019, the prize was awarded to one person 47 times. It was divided between two people 32 times and between three people 34 times. The prize was not awarded six times, the last time in 1942.
The section Distribution by country provides an overview of the distribution to individual nations .
Award winners
The following list contains a chronological overview of the winners of the Nobel Prize in Physics , their respective countries and the reasons for the selection committee. The category Nobel Prize Winners for Physics offers an alphabetical overview of the winners .
1901 to 1910 • 1911 to 1920 • 1921 to 1930 • 1931 to 1940 • 1941 to 1950 • 1951 to 1960 |
1961 to 1970 • 1971 to 1980 • 1981 to 1990 • 1991 to 2000 • 2001 to 2010 • 2011 to 2020 |
1901 to 1910
year | person | country | Reason for awarding the prize | image |
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1901 |
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (1845–1923) |
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"In recognition of the extraordinary merit that he has earned by discovering the rays named after him " |
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1902 |
Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (1853–1928) |
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"In recognition of the extraordinary merit that they have earned through their investigations into the influence of magnetism on the radiation phenomena" (splitting of spectral lines in the magnetic field, Zeeman effect ) |
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Pieter Zeeman (1865-1943) |
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1903 |
Henri Becquerel (1852-1908) |
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"In recognition of the extraordinary merit he has earned through the discovery of spontaneous radioactivity " |
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Marie Curie (1867-1934) |
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"In recognition of the extraordinary merit that they have earned through their joint work on the radiation phenomena discovered by H. Becquerel" |
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Pierre Curie (1859-1906) |
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1904 |
John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh (1842-1919) |
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"For his investigations into the density of the most important gases and his discovery of argon in connection therewith " |
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1905 |
Philipp Lenard (1862-1947) |
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"For his work on cathode rays " |
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1906 |
Joseph John Thomson (1856-1940) |
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"In recognition of the great merit he has earned through his theoretical and experimental investigations into the passage of electricity through gases" |
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1907 |
Albert A. Michelson (1852-1931) |
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"For his optical precision instruments and his spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with them" ( Michelson interferometer ) |
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1908 |
Gabriel Lippmann (1845-1921) |
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"For his method of reproducing colors photographically based on the interference phenomenon " |
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1909 |
Ferdinand Braun (1850-1918) |
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"In recognition of their contribution to the development of wireless telegraphy " |
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Guglielmo Marconi (1874–1937) |
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1910 |
Johannes Diderik van der Waals (1837–1923) |
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"For his work on the equation of state of gases and liquids" ( Van der Waals equation ) |
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1911 to 1920
year | person | country | Reason for awarding the prize | image |
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1911 |
Wilhelm Wien (1864–1928) |
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"For his discoveries regarding the laws of thermal radiation" ( Vienna's law of displacement ) |
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1912 |
Gustaf Dalén (1869–1937) |
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"For his invention of self-acting regulators that are used in combination with gas accumulators to illuminate lighthouses and light barrels " |
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1913 |
Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (1853–1926) |
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"On the occasion of his investigations into the properties of bodies at low temperatures , which among other things led to the representation of liquid helium " |
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1914 |
Max von Laue (1879–1960) (awarded 1915) |
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"For his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays when passing through crystals " |
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1915 |
William Henry Bragg (1862-1942) |
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"For their services in researching crystal structures using X-rays" |
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William Lawrence Bragg (1890-1971) |
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1916 | not awarded | |||
1917 |
Charles Glover Barkla (1877–1944) (awarded 1918) |
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"For his discovery of the characteristic X-rays of the elements " |
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1918 |
Max Planck (1858–1947) (awarded 1919) |
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"As recognition of the merit that he has earned through the discovery of the energy quanta for the development of physics" (theory of quantization ) |
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1919 |
Johannes Stark (1874–1957) |
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"For his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of the spectral lines in the electric field" ( Stark effect ) |
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1920 |
Charles Édouard Guillaume (1861–1938) |
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"In recognition of the merit he has earned through the discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys and the precision measurements in physics" |
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1921 to 1930
year | person | country | Reason for awarding the prize | image |
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1921 |
Albert Einstein (1879–1955) (announced November 9, 1922, awarded December 10, 1922) |
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"For his services to theoretical physics , especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect " |
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1922 |
Niels Bohr (1885–1962) |
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"For his services to research into the structure of atoms and the radiation emitted by them" |
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1923 |
Robert Andrews Millikan (1868-1953) |
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"For his work on the elementary electrical charge * and the photoelectric effect" (* Millikan experiment ) |
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1924 |
Manne Siegbahn (1886–1978) (awarded 1925) |
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"For his X-ray spectroscopic discoveries and research" |
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1925 |
James Franck (1882–1964) (awarded 1926) |
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"For their discovery of the laws that describe the collision of an electron with an atom" ( Franck-Hertz experiment ) |
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Gustav Hertz (1887–1975) (awarded 1926) |
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1926 |
Jean-Baptiste Perrin (1870-1942) |
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"For his work on the discontinuous structure of matter, especially for his discovery of the sedimentation equilibrium" |
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1927 |
Arthur Holly Compton (1892–1962) |
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"For the discovery of the effect named after him" ( Compton effect ) |
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Charles Thomson Rees Wilson (1869-1959) |
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"For his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible through condensing vapor" (Wilson's cloud chamber ) |
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1928 |
Owen Willans Richardson (1879-1959) (awarded 1929) |
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"For his work on the glowing electrical effect and especially for the discovery of the laws named after him " |
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1929 |
Louis de Broglie (1892-1987) |
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"For the discovery of the wave nature of electrons" ( De Broglie wave ) |
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1930 |
CV Raman (1888–1970) |
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"For his work on the scattering of light and the discovery of the effect named after him" ( Raman scattering ) |
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1931 to 1940
year | person | country | Reason for awarding the prize | image |
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1931 | not awarded | |||
1932 |
Werner Heisenberg (1901–1976) (awarded 1933) |
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"For the foundation of quantum mechanics , the application of which led, among other things, to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen " |
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1933 |
Erwin Schrödinger (1887–1961) |
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"For the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory" (further development of quantum mechanics) |
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Paul Dirac (1902-1984) |
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1934 | not awarded | |||
1935 |
James Chadwick (1891–1974) |
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"For the discovery of the neutron " |
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1936 |
Victor Franz Hess (1883–1964) |
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"For the discovery of cosmic rays " |
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Carl David Anderson (1905-1991) |
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"For the discovery of the positron " |
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1937 |
Clinton Davisson (1881-1958) |
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"For their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals" |
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George Paget Thomson (1892-1975) |
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1938 |
Enrico Fermi (1901–1954) |
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"For the determination of new radioactive elements generated by neutron bombardment and the discovery of the nuclear reactions triggered by slow neutrons in connection with this work " |
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1939 |
Ernest Lawrence (1901-1958) |
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"For the invention and development of the cyclotron and the results achieved with it, especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements" |
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1940 | not awarded |
1941 to 1950
year | person | country | Reason for awarding the prize | image |
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1941 | not awarded | |||
1942 | not awarded | |||
1943 |
Otto Stern (1888–1969) (awarded 1944) |
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"For his contributions to the development of the molecular beam method and the discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton " |
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1944 |
Isidor Isaac Rabi (1898–1988) |
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"For the resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei" |
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1945 |
Wolfgang Pauli (1900-1958) |
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"For the discovery of the exclusion principle known as the Pauli principle " |
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1946 |
Percy Williams Bridgman (1882-1961) |
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"For the invention of an apparatus for generating extremely high pressure and for the discoveries he made with it in the field of high-pressure physics" |
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1947 |
Edward Victor Appleton (1892-1965) |
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"For his research in the field of physics of the upper layers of the atmosphere, in particular for the discovery of the so-called Appleton layer " |
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1948 |
Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett (1897–1974) |
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"For the further development of the application of Wilson's cloud chamber and the discoveries made with it in the field of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation " |
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1949 |
Hideki Yukawa (1907-1981) |
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"For his prediction of the existence of mesons based on the theory of nuclear forces " |
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1950 |
Cecil Powell (1903-1969) |
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"For the development of the photographic method for the investigation of the nuclear processes and the associated discovery of the mesons" |
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1951 to 1960
year | person | country | Reason for awarding the prize | image |
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1951 |
John Cockcroft (1897-1967) |
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"For their pioneering work in the field of atomic nucleus conversion by artificially accelerated atomic particles" ( Cockcroft-Walton accelerator ) |
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Ernest Walton (1903-1995) |
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1952 |
Felix Bloch (1905-1983) |
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"For the development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurement and the discoveries made with them" ( nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ) |
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Edward Mills Purcell (1912-1997) |
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1953 |
Frits Zernike (1888–1966) |
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"For the phase contrast method specified by him, in particular for his invention of the phase contrast microscope " |
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1954 |
Max Born (1882-1970) |
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"For his fundamental research in quantum mechanics, especially for his statistical interpretation of the wave function " |
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Walther Bothe (1891–1957) |
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"For his coincidence method and his discoveries made with its help" |
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1955 |
Willis Eugene Lamb (1913-2008) |
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"For his discoveries about the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum " ( Lamb shift ) |
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Polycarp Kush (1911–1993) |
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"For its precise determination of the magnetic moment in the electron" |
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1956 |
William Bradford Shockley (1910-1989) |
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"For their research on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect" |
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John Bardeen (1908-1991) |
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Walter Houser Brattain (1902–1987) |
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1957 |
Chen Ning Yang (* 1922) |
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"For her fundamental research on the laws of so-called parity , which led to important discoveries about elementary particles" |
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Tsung-Dao Lee (* 1926) |
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1958 |
Pavel Cherenkov (1904–1990) |
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"For the discovery and interpretation of the Cherenkov effect " |
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Ilja Frank (1908–1990) |
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Igor Tamm (1895–1971) |
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1959 |
Emilio Segrè (1905-1989) |
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"For their discovery of the antiproton " |
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Owen Chamberlain (1920-2006) |
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1960 |
Donald Arthur Glaser (1926-2013) |
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"For the invention of the bubble chamber " |
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1961 to 1970
year | person | country | Reason for awarding the prize | image |
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1961 |
Robert Hofstadter (1915–1990) |
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"For his groundbreaking studies on electron scattering in the atomic nucleus and for the discoveries made about the structure of nucleons " |
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Rudolf Mößbauer (1929–2011) |
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"For his research on the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his associated discovery, which bears the name Mößbauer effect " |
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1962 |
Lew Landau (1908–1968) |
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"For his groundbreaking theories about condensed matter , especially liquid helium" ( superfluidity ) |
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1963 |
Eugene Paul Wigner (1902-1995) |
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"For his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and elementary particles, especially through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles" |
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Maria Goeppert-Mayer (1906–1972) |
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"For their discovery of the nuclear shell structure " |
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Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen (1907–1973) |
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1964 |
Charles Hard Townes (1915-2015) |
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"For fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics , which led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser - laser principle" |
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Nikolai Bassow (1922-2001) |
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Alexander Prokhorov (1916-2002) |
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1965 |
Richard Feynman (1918–1988) |
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"For their fundamental achievement in quantum electrodynamics , with profound consequences for elementary particle physics" |
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Julian Seymour Schwinger (1918–1994) |
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Shin'ichirō Tomonaga (1906–1979) |
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1966 |
Alfred Kastler (1902–1984) |
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"For the discovery and development of optical methods in the study of Hertz resonances in atoms" |
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1967 |
Hans Bethe (1906-2005) |
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"For his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions, especially his discoveries about the generation of energy in the stars " |
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1968 |
Luis Walter Alvarez (1911–1988) |
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"For his decisive contribution to elementary particle physics, in particular his discovery of a large number of resonance states , made possible by his development of techniques with the hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis" |
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1969 |
Murray Gell-Mann (1929-2019) |
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"For his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions" (see Quark ) |
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1970 |
Hannes Alfvén (1908–1995) |
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"For his fundamental achievements and discoveries in magnetohydrodynamics with fruitful applications in various parts of plasma physics " |
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Louis Néel (1904-2000) |
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"For his fundamental achievements and discoveries regarding antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism , which have led to important applications in solid-state physics " |
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1971 to 1980
year | person | country | Reason for awarding the prize | image |
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1971 |
Dennis Gábor (1900–1979) |
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"For his invention and development of the holographic method " |
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1972 |
John Bardeen (1908-1991) |
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"For their jointly developed theory of superconductivity , also known as the BCS theory " |
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Leon Neil Cooper (born 1930) |
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John Robert Schrieffer (1931-2019) |
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1973 |
Leo Esaki (* 1925) |
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"For your experimental discoveries regarding the tunnel phenomenon in semi- or superconductors" |
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Ivar Giaever (born 1929) |
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Brian David Josephson (born 1940) |
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"For his theoretical prediction of properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier, especially those phenomena that are generally known as the Josephson effect " |
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1974 |
Martin Ryle (1918-1984) |
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"For their pioneering work in radio astronomy : Ryle for his observations and inventions, especially in aperture synthesis technology and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars " | |
Antony Hewish (* 1924) |
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1975 |
Aage Niels Bohr (1922-2009) |
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"For the discovery of the connection between collective and particle movement in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of atomic nuclei based on this connection" |
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Ben Mottelson (* 1926) |
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James Rainwater (1917-1986) |
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1976 |
Burton Richter (1931-2018) |
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"For their leading achievements in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind " |
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Samuel Chao Chung Ting (* 1936) |
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1977 |
Philip Warren Anderson (1923-2020) |
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"For the basic theoretical achievements on electronic structure in magnetic and disordered systems" |
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Nevill Francis Mott (1905-1996) |
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John Hasbrouck Van Vleck (1899-1980) |
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1978 |
Pyotr Kapiza (1894-1984) |
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"For his fundamental inventions and discoveries in low-temperature physics " |
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Arno Penzias (* 1933) |
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"For the discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation " |
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Robert Woodrow Wilson (* 1936) |
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1979 |
Sheldon Lee Glass Show (* 1932) |
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“For their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including u. a. the prediction of the weak neutral currents "( electroweak interaction ) |
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Abdus Salam (1926–1996) |
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Steven Weinberg (* 1933) |
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1980 |
James Cronin (1931-2016) |
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"For the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K mesons " |
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Val Fitch (1923-2015) |
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1981 to 1990
year | person | country | Reason for awarding the prize | image |
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1981 |
Nicolaas Bloembergen (1920-2017) |
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"For their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy " |
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Arthur Leonard Schawlow (1921–1999) |
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Kai Siegbahn (1918–2007) |
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"For his contribution to the development of high-resolution electron spectroscopy " |
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1982 |
Kenneth Wilson (1936-2013) |
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"For his theory about critical phenomena in phase changes " | |
1983 |
Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (1910-1995) |
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"For his theoretical studies of the physical processes that are important for the structure and evolution of stars" |
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William Alfred Fowler (1911–1995) |
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"For theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions that are important for the formation of chemical elements in space " |
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1984 |
Carlo Rubbia (* 1934) |
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"For their decisive contributions to the great project that led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z , mediators of weak interactions " |
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Simon van der Meer (1925-2011) |
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1985 |
Klaus von Klitzing (* 1943) |
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"For the discovery of the quantized Hall effect " |
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1986 |
Ernst Ruska (1906–1988) |
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"For his fundamental work in electron optics and for the construction of the first electron microscope " | |
Gerd Binnig (* 1947) |
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"For your construction of the scanning tunneling microscope " |
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Heinrich Rohrer (1933–2013) |
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1987 |
Georg Bednorz (* 1950) |
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"For their groundbreaking discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials " |
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Karl Alexander Müller (* 1927) |
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1988 |
Leon Max Lederman (1922-2018) |
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"For the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino " |
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Melvin Schwartz (1932-2006) |
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Jack Steinberger (* 1921) |
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1989 |
Wolfgang Paul (1913–1993) |
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"For their development of ion trap technology" ( Paul trap , Penning trap ) | |
Hans Georg Dehmelt (1922–2017) |
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Norman Ramsey (1915-2011) |
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"For his development of an improved measurement technique for atomic energy transitions, with the precise time and frequency measurements were possible" ( atomic clock ) |
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1990 |
Jerome Isaac Friedman (born 1930) |
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"For her groundbreaking investigations into deep inelastic electron scattering from protons and bound neutrons, which was of decisive importance for the development of the quark model of particle physics" |
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Henry Way Kendall (1926-1999) |
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Richard Edward Taylor (1929-2018) |
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1991 to 2000
year | person | country | Reason for awarding the prize | image |
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1991 |
Pierre-Gilles de Gennes (1932-2007) |
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"For his work on ordering processes in liquid crystals and polymer solutions , especially the successful application of mathematical models in the transition from the ordered to the disordered state in physics and chemistry" |
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1992 |
Georges Charpak (1924-2010) |
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"For his fundamental work on detectors for particle physics , especially for the construction of the first multi-wire proportional chambers (1968)" |
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1993 |
Russell Hulse (born 1950) |
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"For their discovery of a pulsar in a binary star system " |
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Joseph Hooton Taylor, Jr. (born 1941) |
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1994 |
Bertram Brockhouse (1918-2003) |
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"For their development of techniques for the scattering of the uncharged core particles " |
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Clifford Shull (1915-2001) |
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1995 |
Martin Lewis Perl (1927-2014) |
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"For his discovery of a massive subatomic elementary particle with a negative charge" ( τ-lepton ) |
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Frederick Reines (1918–1998) |
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"For his discovery of an uncharged subatomic elementary particle" ( neutrino ) |
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1996 |
David Morris Lee (* 1931) |
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"For their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3 at very low temperatures (around absolute zero )" |
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Douglas Dean Osheroff (* 1945) |
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Robert Coleman Richardson (1937-2013) |
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1997 |
Steven Chu (born 1948) |
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"For their development of methods for cooling and trapping atoms with the help of laser light " |
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Claude Cohen-Tannoudji (* 1933) |
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William Daniel Phillips (* 1948) |
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1998 |
Robert Betts Laughlin (* 1950) |
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"For their discovery of a new type of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations " |
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Horst Ludwig Störmer (* 1949) |
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Daniel Chee Tsui (* 1939) |
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1999 |
Gerardus' t Hooft (* 1946) |
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"For their decisive, quantum structure-related contributions to the theory of electroweak interaction in physics" |
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Martinus JG Veltman (* 1931) |
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2000 |
Shores Alfjorow (1930-2019) |
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"For the development of semiconductor heterostructures for high-speed and optoelectronics " |
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Herbert Kroemer (* 1928) |
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Jack Kilby (1923-2005) |
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"For his part in the development of the integrated circuit " |
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2001 to 2010
year | person | country | Reason for awarding the prize | image |
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2001 |
Eric Allin Cornell (born 1961) |
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"For the generation of the Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases from alkali atoms , and for early fundamental studies on the properties of the condensates" |
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Wolfgang Ketterle (* 1957) |
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Carl Edwin Wieman (* 1951) |
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2002 |
Raymond Davis junior (1914-2006) |
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"For groundbreaking work in astrophysics , especially for the detection of cosmic neutrinos " |
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Masatoshi Koshiba (* 1926) |
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Riccardo Giacconi (1931-2018) |
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"For groundbreaking work in astrophysics that led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources" ( X-ray astronomy ) |
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2003 |
Alexei Abrikossow (1928-2017) |
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"For groundbreaking work in the theory of superconductors and superfluids " |
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Witali Ginsburg (1916-2009) |
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Anthony James Leggett (born 1938) |
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2004 |
David Gross (* 1941) |
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"For the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of strong interaction " |
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David Politzer (* 1949) |
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Frank Wilczek (* 1951) |
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2005 |
Roy Jay Glauber (1925-2018) |
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"For his contribution to the quantum mechanical theory of optical coherence " |
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John Lewis Hall (born 1934) |
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"For their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including optical frequency comb technology " |
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Theodor Hänsch (* 1941) |
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2006 |
John Cromwell Mather (* 1946) |
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"For the investigation of cosmic background radiation " |
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George Smoot (* 1945) |
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2007 |
Albert Fert (* 1938) |
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"For the discovery of giant magnetoresistance " (GMR) |
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Peter Grünberg (1939-2018) |
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2008 |
Yōichirō Nambu (1921-2015) |
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"For the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking in elementary particle physics " |
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Makoto Kobayashi (* 1944) |
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"For the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry, which predicts the existence of at least three quark families " |
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Toshihide Masukawa (* 1940) |
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2009 |
Charles Kuen Kao (1933-2018) |
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"For his groundbreaking successes in the field of light transmission using fiber optics for optical communication" |
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Willard Boyle (1924-2011) |
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"For the invention of the CCD sensor " |
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George Elwood Smith (born 1930) |
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2010 |
Andre Geim (* 1958) |
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"For basic experiments with the two-dimensional material graphene " |
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Konstantin Novoselov (* 1974) |
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2011 to 2020
year | person | country | Reason for awarding the prize | image | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2011 |
Saul Perlmutter (* 1959) |
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"For the discovery of the accelerated expansion of the universe through observations of distant supernovae " |
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Brian P. Schmidt (* 1967) |
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Adam Riess (* 1969) |
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2012 |
Serge Haroche (* 1944) |
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"For the development of groundbreaking experimental methods that make it possible to manipulate quantum systems" |
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David Wineland (* 1944) |
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2013 |
François Englert (* 1932) |
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"For the theoretical discovery of a mechanism which contributes to our understanding of the origin of the mass of subatomic particles and which was recently confirmed by the discovery of the predicted elementary particle by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN " |
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Peter Higgs (* 1929) |
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2014 |
Isamu Akasaki (* 1929) |
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"For the invention of efficient, blue light emitting diodes , which enabled bright and energy-saving light sources" |
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Hiroshi Amano (* 1960) |
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Shuji Nakamura (* 1954) |
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2015 |
Takaaki Kajita (* 1959) |
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"For the discovery of neutrino oscillations that show that neutrinos have a mass" |
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Arthur McDonald (* 1943) |
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2016 |
David J. Thouless (1934-2019) |
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"For theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological matter phases." |
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F. Duncan M. Haldane (* 1951) |
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J. Michael Kosterlitz (* 1943) |
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2017 |
Rainer Weiss (* 1932) |
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"For decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves ." |
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Barry Barish (born 1936) |
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Kip Thorne (born 1940) |
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2018 |
Arthur Ashkin (1922-2020) |
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"For the development of optical tweezers and their application in biology". | "For groundbreaking inventions in the field of laser physics " |
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Gérard Mourou (* 1944) |
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"For the development of a method with which high-energy, ultra-short optical pulses can be generated". |
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Donna Strickland (born 1959) |
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2019 |
James Peebles (born 1935) |
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"For theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology ". |
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Michel Mayor (* 1942) |
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"For the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a sun-like star ". |
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Didier Queloz (* 1966) |
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2020 |
Roger Penrose (born 1931) |
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"For the discovery that the formation of black holes is a robust prediction of general relativity ". |
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Reinhard Genzel (* 1952) |
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"For the discovery of a supermassive compact object in the center of our galaxy". |
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Andrea Ghez (* 1965) |
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Distribution by country
nation | Number of awards counted as award winners (1) |
---|---|
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93.5 |
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26.5 |
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24.5 |
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14th |
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10 |
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9 |
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8.5 |
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5.5 |
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4.5 |
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4th |
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3 |
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3 |
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3 |
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2 |
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1 |
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1 |
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1 |
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1 |
Total (as of award 2020) | 215 award winners |
Remarks:
- (1) Prize winners who were citizens of two countries at the time of the award are counted halfway for both countries.
Distribution by continents
Prize winners who were citizens of two countries at the time of the award are counted halfway for both countries (as of 2020).
continent | Number of awards counted as award winners |
---|---|
Europe (including Russia and the former Soviet Union) | 104 |
America | 98 |
Asia (excluding Russia and the former Soviet Union) | 13th |
Africa | 0 |
Oceania | 0 |
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Country according to the information on nobelprize.org. The country may differ from the nationality of the laureate.
- ↑ Listed under this name in the official lists of the Nobel Foundation. Today the name Bratislava is more common.
- ↑ a b The money was given to the special fund for this price category.
- ↑ a b c d One third of the prize money was given to the main fund and two thirds to the special fund for this prize category.
- ↑ a b c The country of origin of the 1957 award winners is noted in official lists as "China". At the time the award winners emigrated, China was still ruled by the Republic of China . At the time of the award, the Republic of China was still the official international representative of China in Taiwan .
- ↑ Usually, places of birth are shown in the official lists of the Nobel Foundation if they are not in the specified country or were not under the sovereignty of this country at the time. However, this information is missing here.
- ↑ Press release at nobelprize.org (accessed October 4, 2016).
- ↑ Oral announcement of the award winners by Göran K. Hansson (video)
- ↑ Press release at nobelprize.org (accessed October 3, 2017).
- ↑ Oral announcement of the award winners by Göran K. Hansson (video)