Georges Charpak
Georges Charpak (born August 1, 1924 in Dąbrowica , Poland , today Ukraine , † September 29, 2010 in Paris ), was a French physicist of Polish origin.
Life
Charpak came from a Jewish family who emigrated to France when he was seven years old. From 1941 he worked in the Resistance under the false name Jacques Charpentier, living in Troyes . Charpak was deported to Dachau concentration camp in 1943 , where he survived until liberation in 1945, thanks in part to his ability to speak several languages.
In 1946 he took French citizenship. In 1947 he graduated from the École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris (ENSMP) (where he had studied since 1945), and in 1955 he received his doctorate at the Collège de France with a thesis in experimental nuclear physics. From 1948 to 1959 he did research for the CNRS . From 1959 he was a scientist at the CERN nuclear research center in Geneva.
In 1992 Charpak received the Nobel Prize in Physics essentially for the invention and development of particle detectors , in particular the multi-wire proportional chamber , a form of wire chamber that he designed in 1968 and which was able to record up to a million tracks per second, about a million times more than the devices used until then (e.g. bladder chambers ).
In 1960 he took part in the first exact measurement of the magnetic moment of the muon at CERN . From 1985 to 1991 he was involved in various experiments at the Fermilab .
Charpak later lived and worked in France, where he worked, among other things, as an author.
Honors and memberships
- 1960 CNRS silver medal
- 1973 Jean Ricard Prize
- 1984 CEA Prize of the French Academy of Sciences
- 1989 the first High Energy and Particle Physics Prize of the High Energy Physics Section of the European Physical Society
- 1992 Nobel Prize " for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber"
He has received several honorary doctorates (Geneva 1977, the University of Brussels, Coimbra, Thessaloniki, Ottawa)
Charpak was a member of the Académie des Sciences (1985), foreign member of the National Academy of Sciences , member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1994), the Austrian Academy of Sciences and the Academy of Sciences of Lisbon. In 2007 he became an officer of the Legion of Honor.
literature
- Georges Charpak, Henri Broch : What is the fakir doing on the nail board. Piper Verlag, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-492-24313-4 . (Original: Devenez sorciers devenez savants. 2002)
Web links
- Information from the Nobel Foundation on the 1992 award to Georges Charpak
- Literature by and about Georges Charpak in the catalog of the German National Library
Individual evidence
- ^ Le Parisien: Décès du Prix Nobel de physique Georges Charpak from September 30, 2010
- ^ The Nobel Prize in Physics 1992. In: www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved November 30, 2016 .
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Charpak, Georges |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Charpak, Jerzy |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French physicist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | August 1, 1924 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Dąbrowica |
| DATE OF DEATH | September 29, 2010 |
| Place of death | Paris |