Ben Mottelson
Benjamin Roy Mottelson (born July 9, 1926 in Chicago , Illinois ) is an American - Danish physicist .
Having a training program for officers at the during the Second World War Purdue University was drafted, he made there in 1947 his degree (BA) and continued to study at Harvard University , where he received his master's degree in 1948 and 1950 with Julian Schwinger in PhD in nuclear physics . From 1950 he went to the Niels Bohr Institute in Copenhagen as a post-doctoral student , where his long cooperation with Aage Niels Bohr began. From 1953 to 1957 he was in the theory group of the founding phase of CERN , which was then still in Copenhagen. In 1957 he became a professor at the Nordita Physics Institute in Copenhagen. 1980 to 1983 he was director of the Nordita.
From 1994 to 1997 and 2007 he was also adjunct professor at the Niels Bohr Institute. In 1959 and 1984 he was visiting professor at Berkeley, in 1996 Feshbach Lecturer at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and from 1993 to 1997 Director of the European Center for Theoretical Studies in Nuclear Physics and Related Areas in Trient .
Mottelson received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1975 together with Aage Niels Bohr and James Rainwater "for the discovery of the connection between collective and particle movement in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of atomic nuclei based on this connection". With Bohr he developed the “Unified Model” of collective (rotation and oscillation modes of the nucleus) and individual (single-particle) degrees of freedom in nuclei in the 1950s , presented in their textbook, which appeared in 1975. In 1958 he and Bohr (independently of Russian scientists) suggested the existence of pair correlations in nuclei known from superfluidity . He later continued his collaboration with Bohr and they studied in the 1970s e.g. B. Cores at high angular momentum ( Yrast ). In the 1990s and 2000s he also dealt with other finite quantum systems (such as metal clusters, quantum dots , Bose-Einstein condensates ) and with the fundamentals of quantum mechanics.
On May 14, 1969, he and five other winners received the Atoms for Peace Award . In 1974 he received the John Wetherill Medal, in 1976 the Danish Roemer Medal and in 1980 the Polish Marian Smoluchowski Medal . Mottelson is a member of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences (from 1958 as a foreign and from 1974 as a Danish member), the Royal Physiographical Society in Lund (1970), the Norwegian Academy of Sciences (2001), the Polish Academy of Sciences (1996), the Yugoslav Academy of Sciences (1979), the National Academy of Sciences (1973), the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1971) and the American Philosophical Society (2011).
He holds honorary doctorates from Purdue University (1968), Heidelberg (1971), TH Lund (1993), Liverpool (1995), Caen (1998), Oslo (2005) and Jyväskylä (2004).
He is married for the second time and has three children from his first marriage. He is a Danish citizen.
Fonts
- with Aage Bohr: Nuclear Structure, 2 volumes, Benjamin 1975, World Scientific 1998 (German edition: Hanser 1980)
- with Ikuko Hamamoto: Shape deformations in atomic nuclei, Scholarpedia 2012
- mii Aage Bohr: Collective and individual aspects of nuclear structure, Kgl.Dansk Mat.Fys.Medd. Vol. 27, 1953, No. 16, pp. 7-174, pdf
- with Aage Bohr: Mat. Fys. Medd. Dan. Vid. Selsk. 30, no.1 (1955)
- Collective motion in the nucleus, Rev. Mod. Phys., Vol. 29, 1957, 186
- with Aage Bohr, David Pines : Possible Analogy between the Excitation Spectra of Nuclei and Those of the Superconducting Metallic State, Phys. Rev., Vol. 110, 1958, pp. 936-938
- with Aage Bohr: The many facets of nuclear structure, Annual Review of Nuclear Science, Volume 23, 1973, p. 363
- with Aage Bohr: Single particle and collective aspects of nuclear rotation, Physica Scripta Volume 24, 1981, p. 71
Web links
- Literature by and about Ben Mottelson in the catalog of the German National Library
- Information from the Nobel Foundation on the 1975 award to Ben R. Mottelson
- Website at Scholarpedia
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Mottelson, Ben |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Mottelson, Benjamin Roy |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | American-Danish physicist, Nobel Laureate in Physics 1975 |
| DATE OF BIRTH | July 9, 1926 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Chicago , Illinois |