Jean-Baptiste Perrin
Jean-Baptiste Perrin (born September 30, 1870 in Lille , † April 17, 1942 in New York ) was a French physicist and Nobel Prize winner .
Life
Jean Perrin studied at the École normal supérieure . After graduating in 1894, he worked there as a research assistant and received his doctorate in 1897. He then moved to the Sorbonne in Paris , where he taught from 1910 to 1940 as a professor. After the German invasion, he fled to the USA , where he died on April 17, 1942. His remains were transferred to France from the warship Jeanne d'Arc in 1948 and buried in the Panthéon .
His son Francis Perrin (1901-1992) was also a physicist.
plant
Perrin's first work, which began during his doctorate, dealt with cathode rays and X-rays , and he was able to show, among other things, that cathode rays are negatively charged particles. Further work dealt with the fluorescence , the decay of radium and the generation and propagation of sound . Among other things, he developed the Perrin tube , with which he proved the negative charge of the cathode rays for the first time. In addition, it can be used to determine the order of magnitude of the specific elementary charge.
His best-known work deals with the properties of colloids , with the investigation of the Brownian motion of the dissolved particles he was able to confirm Albert Einstein's calculations and predictions , according to which the dissolved particles obey the gas laws . Through a detailed analysis he could also the Avogadro constant determined - the result was consistent with other provisions of the constant and was a decisive evidence of the particle nature of matter .
In 1926 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics “for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter, especially for his discovery of the sedimentation equilibrium”.
Awards
- Joule Prize, Royal Society , 1896
- Matteucci Medal , 1911
- Vallauri Prize, Bologna, 1912
- La Caze Prize, Paris Academy of Sciences, 1914
- Elected to the French Academy of Sciences , 1923
- Elected corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences , 1924 (honorary member since 1929)
- Nobel Prize in Physics , 1926
- Commander of the Legion of Honor , 1926
- Commander of the British Empire
- Commander of the Belgian Leopold Order
- The asteroid (8116) Jeanperrin was named after him in 1996.
Fonts (selection)
Books
- Les Principes. Exposé de thermodynamique . 1901
- Traité de chimie physique. Les principes . 1903
- Les Preuves de la réalité moléculaire . 1911
- Les atomes . 1913
- Matière et Lumière . 1919
- Les Éléments de la physique . 1929
- L'Orientation current des sciences . 1930
- Les Formes chimiques de transition . 1931
- La Recherche scientifique . 1933
- Grains de matière et grains de lumière . 1935
- L'Organisation de la recherche scientifique en France . 1938
- À la surface des choses . 1940-1941
- La Science et l'espérance . 1948
Technical article
- Nouvelles propriétés des rayons cathodiques. Comptes rendus, 121: 1130-1134, 1895.
- Application des rayons de Röntgen à la mesure des forces électromotrices de contact. Comptes rendus, 124: 496-498, 1897.
- Rayons cathodiques et rayons de Röntgen. Doctoral thesis, Paris, 1897.
- Rayons cathodiques et rayons de Röntgen. Étude expérimentale. Annales du chimie et physique, 11: 496-555, 1897.
Web links
- Information from the Nobel Foundation on the award ceremony for Jean-Baptiste Perrin in 1926
Individual evidence
- ↑ The Sorbonne. Georges Cantacuzène and Jean Perrin in 1931 · NuBIS. Retrieved June 2, 2020 .
- ↑ (8116) Jeanperrin in the JPL Small-Body Library
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Perrin, Jean-Baptiste |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Perrin, Jean |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French physicist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | September 30, 1870 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Lille |
| DATE OF DEATH | April 17, 1942 |
| Place of death | New York City |