Sheldon Lee Glass Show

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Sheldon Glass Show at Harvard University

Sheldon Lee Glashow (born December 5, 1932 in New York ) is an American physicist and Nobel Prize winner .

Life

Glashow was the son of Jewish immigrants from Russia, attended the Bronx High School of Science in New York and went to Cornell University in 1950 , where he received his bachelor's degree in 1954 . He then went to Harvard University , where he received his master’s degree in 1955 and his doctorate in physics with Julian Seymour Schwinger in 1959 , with a thesis (The Vector Meson in Elementary Particle Physics Decays) that paved the way for his pioneering work on electroweak unification suggested. 1958 to 1960 he was on a scholarship from the NSFin Europe at the Institute for Theoretical Physics in Copenhagen and at CERN (he was waiting for approval to work with Igor Tamm in Moscow). It was during these years (1958 to 1960) that he also developed his ideas about the electroweak union, which brought him the Nobel Prize. In Copenhagen he also developed early ideas for Charm Quark with James Bjorken in 1964 . After he presented his theory of the algebraic structure of the electroweak interaction at the Rochester Conference in 1960, he received an invitation from Murray Gell-Mann to Caltech , where he was in 1960/61 and subsequently dealt with the Quark propagated by Gell-Mann - Theory concerned, partly in collaboration with Sidney Coleman . In 1961 he was assistant professor at Stanford University , 1962 associate professor at the University of California, Berkeley and from 1966 professor at Harvard University. Since 2000 he has been a professor at Boston University , where he has been a visiting scientist since 1984. Among other things, he was visiting professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1974/75 and 1979/80), at CERN (1968), at the Niels Bohr Institute (1964), the University of Aix-Marseille (1970), at the Brookhaven National Laboratory ( 1964) and Texas A&M University (1982). From 1982 he was also an Affiliated Senior Scientist at the University of Houston .

He received the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physics along with Abdus Salam and Steven Weinberg - a high school classmate as well as Gerald Feinberg - for their contribution to the theory of the union of weak and electromagnetic interactions between elementary particles , including the prediction of weak neutral currents “(See Glass Show-Weinberg-Salam Theory , Z-Boson ). With John Iliopoulos and Luciano Maiani , he was the first to provide evidence of the existence of a fourth quark, later known as the charm quark, using the GIM mechanism in 1970 . With Alfaro de Rujula and Georgi, he also dealt with the Charmonium spectrum in quantum chromodynamics . He also dealt early with GUTs and in 1974 proposed with Howard Georgi a unification of the calibration groups of the standard model in the SU (5) (five-dimensional special unitary group ) (Georgi-Glashow-Modell).

From 1985 to 1988 he was President of the Sakharov International Committee. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences (1977), the American Academy of Arts and Sciences , the American Philosophical Society and a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science . In 1977 he received the Oppenheimer Memorial Medal. In 2011 he received the High Energy and Particle Physics Prize from the EPS, and in 2017 the Oskar Klein Medal .

In 1950 he was a finalist in the Westinghouse Science Competition for Schoolchildren. From 1962 to 1966 he was a Sloan Research Fellow . He has multiple honorary doctorates ( Yeshiva University , Aix-Marseille University, Bar-Ilan University, Adelphi University, Gustaphus Adolphus College).

Glashow is a prominent opponent of the superstring theory and an avowed supporter of the atheist movement " Brights ". He has been married to a sister of Lynn Margulis , Joan Alexander, since 1972 and has four children.

Fonts (selection)

Essays
Monographs
  • The Charm of Physics (Masters of modern physics; 1). AIP, New York 1991, ISBN 0-88318-708-6 .
  • Interactions. A journey through the moind of a particle physicist and the matter of this world . Warner Books, New York 1988, ISBN 0-446-51315-6 .
  • From alchemy to quarks. The study of physics as a liberal art . Brooks Cole, Pacific Grove, Calif. 1994, ISBN 0-534-16656-3 .

Web links

Commons : Sheldon Lee Glass Show  - Collection of Pictures, Videos and Audio Files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ According to Glashow's memoirs in his autobiography on the Nobel Foundation's website, he and Schwinger were planning a publication on an electroweak theory (that is, a union of electromagnetic and weak interaction ) back then (1958) , but nothing came of it because one of the two lost the manuscript
  2. ↑ Glass Show: Partial-Symmetries of Weak Interactions. In: Nuclear Physics. Volume 22, 1961, p. 579. Abstract . Abdus Salam and John Clive Ward pursued similar ideas in the early 1960s
  3. ^ JD Bjorken, SL Glashow: Elementary Particles and SU (4) . In: Physics Letters. Volume 11, pp. 255-257, 1964
  4. ↑ a b no. 48: Sheldon glass show and the discovery of the "Charm". In: John Simmons: Who's Who of Science . Albatros Verlag, Düsseldorf 2007, ISBN 978-3-491-96187-6
  5. ^ SL Glashow, J. Iliopoulos and L. Maiani: Weak Interactions with Lepton-Hadron Symmetry . In: Physical Review D. Volume 2, 1970, pp. 1285-1292
  6. ↑ De Rujulia, Georgi, Glashow: Hadron Masses in a Gauge Theory . In: Physical Review D. Volume 12, 1975, p. 147
  7. ^ Georgi, Glashow: Unity of All Elementary-Particle Forces. In: Physical Review Letters. Volume 32, 1974, p. 438
personal data
SURNAME Glass show, Sheldon Lee
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American physicist
DATE OF BIRTH December 5, 1932
PLACE OF BIRTH new York