Electron spectroscopy

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The electron spectroscopy is a spectroscopic method for material analysis. The basis is the removal of electrons from the outer shells of the atomic shell (see e.g. photoelectric effect ).

The term electron spectroscopy is often used as a collective name for examination methods in which electrons are removed from inner shells by irradiated electrons (primary electrons), short-wave UV radiation or X-rays . The kinetic energy of these electrons is then measured directly or determined from subsequent processes with secondary electron emission or radiation. For this purpose, using an electron spectrometer the strength of an electron current depends on the kinetic energy of the electrons detected.

The measurement result is a spectrum of the kinetic energy with material-specific increases. In this way, electron spectroscopy not only provides information about the elements contained in the sample , but also, as photoelectron spectroscopy , provides information about binding conditions in gases , solids or their surfaces due to the element-specific binding energy of the electrons. The object to be examined is placed in a vacuum , exposed to monochromatic X-rays and the electrons released are analyzed.

Important methods of electron spectroscopy are:

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