List of Nobel Laureates

The Nobel Prizes have been awarded annually since 1901 by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences , the Karolinska Institute , the Swedish Academy and the Norwegian Nobel Prize Committee . With the exception of the Economics Prize, the award was donated by the Swedish inventor and industrialist Alfred Nobel . The Prize for Economics was donated by the Swedish Reichsbank in memory of Alfred Nobel. It is awarded to people and organizations for outstanding achievements in the fields of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, peace and economics.

statistics

Up to and including 2019, the actual Nobel Prizes were awarded to 787 men, 52 women and 27 organizations, the Business Prize to 82 men and two women (without multiple answers).

The first Nobel Prize winner was the physicist and chemist Marie Curie , who received the prize in the physics category in 1903 together with her husband Pierre Curie and Henri Becquerel . Marie Curie was also the only woman to date to have received two Nobel Prizes: in 1911 she was honored with the Nobel Prize in Chemistry . 24 years later, their daughter Irène Joliot-Curie received the Nobel Prize in the same category. This makes Marie Curie and Irène Joliot-Curie the only mother-daughter team to date among the award winners.

A woman has been awarded a Nobel Prize 17 times in the Peace category , 15 times the Nobel Prize for Literature , 12 times in the Physiology or Medicine category , 5 times in the Chemistry category and 3 times in the Physics category. So far, two women have received the Memorial Prize for Economics . Four Nobel Prizes and the Business Prize went to women in 2009, the highest number of awards for women in a single year.

Prize winners

year	person	country	category	Reason for awarding the prize	image
1903	Marie Curie (1867-1934)	France (born in Warsaw , then Congress Poland or Russia )	physics	"In recognition of the extraordinary merit that they have earned through their joint work on the radiation phenomena discovered by H. Becquerel"
1905	Bertha von Suttner (1843–1914)	Austria (born in Prague , then Austria)	peace	No reason; her life's work, novel Lay down your arms! , "Permanent International Peace Bureau", suggested Nobel, whose private secretary she was for a short time, presumably to the foundation of the Nobel Peace Prize
1909	Selma Lagerlöf (1858–1940)	Sweden	literature	"On the noble idealism, the wealth of imagination and the soulful representation that shape their poetry"
1911	Marie Curie (1867-1934)	France (born in Warsaw , then Congress Poland or Russia )	chemistry	“In recognition of the merit she has earned in the development of chemistry through the discovery of the elements radium and polonium , through the characterization of radium and its isolation in a metallic state, and through her investigations into the nature and chemical compounds of this important element "
1926	Grazia Deledda (1871-1936)	Italy (born in Nuoro , Sardinia )	literature	"For her authorship, carried by a high level of idealism, who portrays the life of her fatherly origin with vividness and clarity and treats general human problems with depth and warmth" (awarded in 1927)
1928	Sigrid Undset (1882–1949)	Norway (born in Kalundborg , Denmark )	literature	"Mainly for their powerful descriptions of medieval life in the (Scandinavian) north"
1931	Jane Addams (1860-1935)	United States	peace	No reason; President of the "Women's International League for Peace and Freedom"
1935	Irène Joliot-Curie (1897–1956)	France	chemistry	"For their joint syntheses of new radioactive elements" (with her husband Frédéric Joliot-Curie )
1938	Pearl S. Buck (1892-1973)	United States	literature	"For their rich and genuine epic accounts of Chinese peasant life and for their biographical masterpieces"
1945	Gabriela Mistral (1889–1957)	Chile	literature	"For the poetry inspired by powerful feelings, which has made its poet's name a symbol for the ideal aspirations of the entire Latin American world"
1946	Emily Greene Balch (1867-1961)	United States	peace	No reason; President of the " Women's International League for Peace and Freedom "
1947	Gerty Cori (1896-1957)	United States (born in Prague , then Austria )	Physiology or medicine	"For their discovery of the course of the catalytic glycogen metabolism"
1963	Maria Goeppert-Mayer (1906–1972)	United States (born in Katowice , then German Empire )	physics	"For their discovery of the nuclear shell structure "
1964	Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin (1910-1994)	United Kingdom	chemistry	"For their structure determination of biologically important substances with X-rays "
1966	Nelly Sachs (1891-1970)	Sweden (born in Berlin , German Empire )	literature	"For their outstanding lyric and dramatic works, which interpret the fate of Israel with moving clarity"
1976	Betty Williams (1943-2020)	United Kingdom ( Northern Ireland )	peace	No reason; Founders of the "Northern Ireland Peace Movement" (renamed "Community of Peace People")
	Mairead Corrigan (* 1944)	United Kingdom ( Northern Ireland )	peace
1977	Rosalyn Yalow (1921-2011)	United States	Physiology or medicine	"For the development of radioimmunological methods for the determination of peptide hormones "
1979	Mother Teresa (1910-1997)	India (born in Üsküp (today Skopje ) in the then Ottoman Empire , now the capital of North Macedonia )	peace	No reason; Founder of the order "Missionaries of Charity"
1982	Alva Myrdal (1902-1986)	Sweden	peace	No reason; Diplomat and delegate of the UN disarmament conferences
1983	Barbara McClintock (1902-1992)	United States	Physiology or medicine	"For their discovery of the movable structures in the genetic material"
1986	Rita Levi-Montalcini (1909–2012)	Italy / United States (born in Turin , Italy )	Physiology or medicine	"For their discovery of the nerve growth factor "
1988	Gertrude B. Elion (1918–1999)	United States	Physiology or medicine	"For their groundbreaking discoveries of important biochemical principles of drug therapy "
1991	Nadine Gordimer (1923-2014)	South Africa	literature	"For her epic poetry, which has shown great use to mankind and which, through its deep insights into historical events, helps shape this event"
	Aung San Suu Kyi (* 1945)	Myanmar	peace	for their commitment to human rights
1992	Rigoberta Menchú (* 1959)	Guatemala	peace	for their commitment to human rights, especially of indigenous people
1993	Toni Morrison (1931-2019)	United States	literature	"For her literary portrayal of an important side of US society through visionary power and poetic conciseness"
1995	Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard (* 1942)	Germany	Physiology or medicine	"For their fundamental knowledge about the genetic control of early embryo development "
1996	Wisława Szymborska (1923–2012)	Poland	literature	"For her work, which ironically and precisely lets the historical and biological context emerge in fragments of human reality"
1997	Jody Williams (born 1950)	United States	peace	for their efforts to outlaw anti- human mines internationally
2003	Shirin Ebadi (* 1947)	Iran	peace	for their commitment to democracy and human rights
2004	Linda B. Buck (* 1947)	United States	Physiology or medicine	"For the research of the olfactory receptors and the organization of the olfactory system "
	Elfriede Jelinek (* 1946)	Austria	literature	"For the musical flow of voices and dissenting voices in novels and dramas that reveal the absurdity and compelling power of social clichés with a unique linguistic passion"
	Wangari Maathai (1940-2011)	Kenya	peace	for their contribution to sustainable development, democracy and peace
2007	Doris Lessing (1919-2013)	United Kingdom (born in Kermanshah , Iran , then Persia )	literature	"The epic woman of female experience who, with skepticism, passion and visionary power, has set out to test a fragmented civilization"
2008	Françoise Barré-Sinoussi (* 1947)	France	Physiology or medicine	"For the discovery of the HI virus "
2009	Elizabeth Blackburn (* 1948)	United States (born in Hobart , Tasmania , Australia )	Physiology or medicine	for discovering "how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase "
	Carol W. Greider (* 1961)	United States	Physiology or medicine
	Ada Yonath (* 1939)	Israel	chemistry	"For the studies of the structure and function of the ribosome "
	Herta Müller (* 1953)	Germany (born in Nitzkydorf , Banat , Romania )	literature	"Which draws landscapes of homelessness by condensing poetry and the objectivity of prose"
	Elinor Ostrom (1933–2012)	United States	Economics	"For your analysis of economic activity in the area of common goods "
2011	Ellen Johnson Sirleaf (* 1938)	Liberia	peace	"For their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights so that they can fully participate in the peace movement"
	Leymah Gbowee (born 1972)	Liberia	peace
	Tawakkol Karman (* 1979)	Yemen	peace
2013	Alice Munro (* 1931)	Canada	literature	"The master of contemporary short stories"
2014	May-Britt Moser (* 1963)	Norway	Physiology or medicine	"For discoveries of cells that form a positioning system in the brain"
	Malala Yousafzai (* 1997)	Pakistan	peace	"For their fight against the oppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education"
2015	Tu Youyou (* 1930)	People's Republic of China	Physiology or medicine	"For their discoveries regarding a novel therapy for malaria "
	Svetlana Alexievich (* 1948)	Belarus	literature	"For her polyphonic work, which is a monument to the suffering and courage of our time"
2018	Donna Strickland (born 1959)	Canada	physics	"For groundbreaking inventions in the field of laser physics "
	Frances H. Arnold (* 1956)	United States	chemistry	"For the directed evolution of enzymes"
	Nadia Murad (* 1993)	Iraq	peace	"For their use against sexual violence as a weapon in wars and armed conflicts"
	Olga Tokarczuk (* 1962) (awarded 2019)	Poland	literature	"For a narrative imagination that shows, with encyclopedic passion, transgressions as a way of life"
2019	Esther Duflo (* 1972)	France / United States	Economics	"For their experimental approach to fighting global poverty"

See also

• List of Nobel Prize Winners
• List of proportions of women in the professional world

Web links

• Nobel Prize awarded women. Nobel Foundation , 2019 (English).
• Women who changed science. Nobel Foundation (English).
• Jane J. Lee: 6 Women Scientists Who Were Snubbed Due to Sexism. In: National Geographic , May 19, 2013 (English).

Remarks

1. ↑ Country as stated on nobelprize.org. The country may differ from the nationality of the laureate.
2. ↑ ^{a b} Northern Ireland is mentioned in the official lists of the Nobel Peace Prize, but the United Kingdom is mentioned in the official lists of the entire Nobel Prize. Since Northern Ireland has never been an independent state, this information is shown here in brackets.
3. ↑ Information from the official lists of the Nobel Foundation. Although Mother Teresa was born into a Catholic Albanian family and grew up in what was then the Ottoman Empire belonging to Macedonia , but worked most of her life in India and took in 1948 to the Indian citizenship. That is why she is also listed as an Indian on the lists.
4. ↑ Information from the official list of the Nobel Foundation. Mother Teresa - Facts , nobelprize.org
5. ↑ This was the first time that the role of environmental protection for world peace was honored.
6. ↑ Blackburn is listed as an American in the official lists of the Nobel Foundation, but also has Australian citizenship.
7. ↑ Due to a crisis in the Swedish Academy , the 2019 award was given retrospectively for 2018.

Individual evidence

1. ^ Nobel Foundation : Nobel Prizes and Laureates. 2019, accessed on October 10, 2019.