List of proportions of women in the professional world

This list of the proportion of women includes lists the percentage shares of women in relation to the total number of people in various relevant sectors of society . The proportion of women are within a range of countries indicated by, the comparability of prior information, if known by month and year are classified but at least the year individually. If additional information is given, it will be recorded in the Comments field. Deviating from this, the proportion of women in individual sciences is listed according to subject area.

introduction

In sociological studies, the proportion of women is understood as a quantitative measure of the participation of women in shaping various areas of society. The proportion of women in politics , education and employment are important indicators of the realization of equality and equal opportunities between women and men, as formulated in the constitutions of different nation states, the International Charter of Human Rights or the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union .

With the development of the New Women's Movement since the 1960s in many Western countries , the proportion of women has become a political term for equal opportunities with men that have been won or still to be won. Until then, women had no or only very limited access to many areas of public life. By gender-specific laws, roles were divided between women and men. For example, according to the Federal German Marriage Act, women were obliged to do household and family work as well as unpaid work in their husbands' business until 1977, and according to the General Civil Code for all German hereditary countries of the Austrian monarchy from 1811, men were required to do gainful work, support the family and defend the country Committed. See also Equality in Germany , Austria and Switzerland .

With the increasing institutionalization of the women's movement at national and supranational level ( European Union , United Nations ), instruments to promote women were set up to increase the proportion of women and to counterbalance discrimination and, in some cases, women's quotas were introduced in political parties. Since then, there have been some significant increases in the respective proportions of women. A reversal of the majority ratios to the detriment of men and boys in the course of this development in individual sub-areas, as with educational qualifications in Germany, has been increasingly critically questioned for several years. The still low proportion of women in important areas such as management positions in business in Germany and other European countries remains a matter of public debate.

In Switzerland, where the commercial register is accessible to the public free of charge and the population is very reserved about any kind of statutory quotas, the development at the owner and management level can be easily understood. The proportion of female company founders rose from 15% in 2000 to 27% in 2010. In companies with up to 250 employees, the proportion of women is now 40%, in larger companies it has only risen to 13%. In the Swiss government, the Federal Council, the proportion has grown to over 50%, and the proportion is constantly increasing in other political bodies.

Share of women in politics

→ Main article : Women_in_der_Politics # Women_in_german_parties

European Parliament

Deadline for the opening meeting 2014

Cecilia Wikström (Sweden), Chair of the European Parliament's Committee on Petitions

country	Proportion of women	year	Remarks
Belgium	29%	2014
Bulgaria	29%	2014
Denmark	38%	2014
Germany	36%	2014
Estonia	50%	2014
Finland	54%	2014
France	42%	2014
Greece	24%	2014
Ireland	55%	2014
Italy	40%	2014
Croatia	45%	2014
Latvia	37%	2014
Lithuania	9%	2014
Luxembourg	33%	2014
Malta	67%	2014
Netherlands	42%	2014
Austria	44%	2014
Poland	24%	2014
Portugal	38%	2014
Romania	31%	2014
Sweden	55%	2014
Slovenia	37%	2014
Spain	41%	2014
Czech Republic	24%	2014
Hungary	19%	2014
United Kingdom	41%	2014
Cyprus	17%	2014
European Parliament	37%	2014	Share of women by member state

Germany

Federal level

institution	Proportion of women	year	Remarks
Federal government	37.5%	2015	Composition of the federal government
Bundestag	31.2%	2019
Federal Council	28.2%	2008	full members 21.7%, deputy members 33.0%

See also : Share of women in the German Bundestag since 1949

Parliamentary groups in the Bundestag

See also:

• Proportion of women in parliamentary groups in 2019 and 2013
• Proportion of women in the Bundestag since 1949
• Proportion of women in members of Bundestag parties from 1990

State level

institution	Proportion of women	year	Remarks
State governments	36.80%	2012	60 state ministers or senators
Prime ministers	12.5%	2020	Malu Dreyer (SPD / Rhineland-Palatinate ), Manuela Schwesig (SPD / Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania )
Opposition leaders	18.8%	2020	the parliamentary group chairmen Nancy Faeser (SPD / Hessen ), Anja Piel (Greens / Lower Saxony ) and Katharina Schulze (Greens / Bavaria )

Parliamentary groups in the state parliaments

fraction	Proportion of women	year	Remarks
Alliance 90 / The Greens	51.5%	2011
CDU	21.5%	2011
CSU	20.7%	2011
The left	48.8%	2011
FDP	17.4%	2011
SPD	37.0%	2011

Source: The Time

State parliaments

→ Main article : Proportion of women in state parliaments from 2015

Historical proportions of women in German politics

Reichstag of the Weimar Republic

institution	Proportion of women	year	Remarks
Weimar National Assembly	8.7%	1919
1st Reichstag of the Weimar Republic	8.0%	1920
2nd Reichstag of the Weimar Republic	5.7%	1924
3rd Reichstag of the Weimar Republic	6.7%	1924
4th Reichstag of the Weimar Republic	6.7%	1928
5th Reichstag of the Weimar Republic	6.8%	1930
6th Reichstag of the Weimar Republic	5.6%	1932
7th Reichstag of the Weimar Republic	6.0%	1932
8th Reichstag of the Weimar Republic	3.8%	1933

German Bundestag since 1949

→ Main article : Share of women in the German Bundestag since 1949 (with data from the individual parties)

institution	Proportion of women	Years	Remarks
0List of members of the German Bundestag (1st electoral period)	6.8-9.0%	1949-1953
0List of members of the German Bundestag (2nd electoral term)	8.8-10.0%	1953-1957
0List of members of the German Bundestag (3rd electoral term)	9.2-9.4%	1957-1961
0List of members of the German Bundestag (4th electoral term)	8.3-9.4%	1961-1965
0List of members of the German Bundestag (5th electoral term)	6.9-7.9%	1965-1969
0List of members of the German Bundestag (6th electoral term)	6.6-6.2%	1969-1972
0List of members of the German Bundestag (7th electoral term)	5.8-6.9%	1972-1976
0List of members of the German Bundestag (8th electoral term)	7.3-7.9%	1976-1980
0List of members of the German Bundestag (9th electoral term)	8.5-8.7%	1980-1983
List of members of the German Bundestag (10th electoral term)	9.8-10.0%	1983-1987
List of members of the German Bundestag (11th electoral term)	15.4-17.9%	1987-1990
List of members of the German Bundestag (12th electoral term)	20.5-21.6%	1990-1994
List of members of the German Bundestag (13th electoral term)	26.2-26.9%	1994-1998
List of members of the German Bundestag (14th electoral term)	30.9-31.7%	1998-2002
List of members of the German Bundestag (15th electoral term)	32.5-33.9%	2002-2005
16th German Bundestag	31.6-32.2%	2005-2009
17th German Bundestag	32.8-33.4%	2009-2013
18th German Bundestag	36.5-. . . . %	2013–. . . .

swell

• Up to and including the 14th Bundestag : Parliamentary and election statistics of the German Bundestag 1949–2002 / 03 (page 16) by Michael F. Feldkamp and Christa Sommer from 2003.
• From the 15th Bundestag electoral term, the documentation of the German Bundestag 1994 to 2014: Parliamentary and election statistics for the 13th to 18th electoral term from the magazine for parliamentary questions

Austria

houses of Parliament

Member of the National Council

→ Main article : Proportion of women in the National Council from 1918

Members of the Federal Council

→ Main article : Share of women in the Federal Council from 1920

Diets

Map of the nine Austrian federal states

Parliament	Proportion of women	was standing	Remarks
Burgenland	19.4%	2010	from a total of 36 mandates
Carinthia	25.0%	2010	from a total of 36 mandates
Lower Austria	21.4%	2010	from a total of 56 mandates
Upper Austria	37.5%	2010	from a total of 56 mandates
Salzburg	38.9%	2009	from a total of 36 mandates
Styria	28.6%	2011	from a total of 56 mandates
Tyrol	27.8%	2011	from a total of 36 mandates
Vorarlberg	33.3%	2010	from a total of 36 mandates
Vienna	33.0%	2011	from a total of 100 mandates. MPs are also local council members.

Mayors

→ Main article : Numbers and proportions of female mayors in Austria from 2015

Switzerland

See also : Women in Swiss councils and parliaments from 1971

Federal Council

The Swiss government, the Federal Council , has consisted of three or four men and women since December 31, 2007.

Federal Assembly

Members of the National Council

Parties	Proportion of women	was standing	Remarks
Evangelical People's Party	100.0%	2011	From a total of 2 mandates.
Lega dei Ticinesi	50.0%	2011	From a total of 2 mandates.
Social Democratic Party of Switzerland	45.7%	2011	From a total of 46 mandates.
Green Party of Switzerland	40.0%	2011	From a total of 15 mandates.
Green Liberal Party	33.3%	2011	From a total of 12 mandates.
Christian Democratic People's Party	28.6%	2011	From a total of 28 mandates.
Liberal Democratic Party	26.7%	2011	From a total of 30 mandates.
Bourgeois Democratic Party	22.2%	2011	From a total of 9 mandates.
Swiss People's Party	11.1%	2011	From a total of 54 mandates.
Christian Social Party Obwalden	0.0%	2011	From a total of one mandate.
Mouvement citoyens genevois	0.0%	2011	From a total of one mandate.
total	28.5%	2011	From a total of 200 mandates from the 49th legislative period

Source: Swiss Federal Assembly

Members of the Council of States

Parties	Proportion of women	was standing	Remarks
Green Liberal Party	50.0%	2011	From a total of 2 mandates.
Social Democratic Party of Switzerland	27.3%	2011	From a total of 11 mandates.
Liberal Democratic Party	18.2%	2011	From a total of 11 mandates.
Christian Democratic People's Party	15.4%	2011	From a total of 13 mandates.
Swiss People's Party	0.0%	2011	From a total of 5 mandates.
Green Party of Switzerland	0.0%	2011	From a total of 2 mandates.
Bourgeois Democratic Party	0.0%	2011	From a total of one mandate.
Non-party	0.0%	2011	From a total of one mandate.
total	19.6%	2011	From a total of 46 mandates in the 49th legislative period

Source: Swiss Federal Assembly

Cantonal parliaments

houses of Parliament	Proportion of women	was standing	Remarks
Freiburg	42.9%	2011
St. Gallen	42.9%	2011
Vaud	42.9%	2011
Glarus	40.0%	2011
Schaffhausen	40.0%	2011
Zurich	28.6%	2011
Bern	28.6%	2011
Geneva	28.6%	2011
Schwyz	18.2%	2008
Lucerne	20.0%	2011
Obwalden	20.0%	2011
Solothurn	20.0%	2011
Basel-Country	20.0%	2011
Grisons	20.0%	2011
Aargau	20.0%	2011
Thurgau	20.0%	2011
Ticino	20.0%	2011
Valais	20.0%	2011
Neuchâtel	20.0%	2011
law	20.0%	2011
Uri	14.3%	2011
Nidwalden	14.3%	2011
train	14.3%	2011
Basel city	14.3%	2011
Appenzell Ausserrhoden	14.3%	2011
Appenzell Innerrhoden	14.3%	2011

Source: Federal Statistical Office

Share of women in the private sector

Germany

Apprenticeships

Apprenticeship	Proportion of women	was standing	Remarks
Dental / r assistant / r	99.3%	2010
Medical / r assistant / r	98.8%	2010
Paralegal / r	95.9%	2010
Specialist salesperson in the food trade	92.2%	2010
Barber / in	89.8%	2010
Businessman / woman for office communication	79.0%	2010
Hotel specialist	76.2%	2010
Tax clerk	74.8%	2010
Bürokaufmann / woman	73.3%	2010
Verwaltungsfachangestellte / r	71.2%	2010
Restaurant specialist	70.0%	2010
Industrial clerk	62.9%	2010
Seller / in	62.5%	2010
Banker / woman	57.6%	2010
Retail salesman	56.0%	2010
Media designer in digital and print	55.7%	2010
Businessman / woman for insurance and finance	49.8%	2010
Merchant in wholesale and foreign trade	43.6%	2010
Merchant for forwarding and logistics services	42.6%	2010
Chef / cook	23.8%	2010
Gardener / in	20.7%	2010
Painter and varnisher	13.0%	2010
Specialist for warehouse logistics	11.0%	2010
Tischler / in	9.1%	2010
IT Specialist / in	6.2%	2010
Mechatronics / in	5.4%	2010
Industrial mechanic	4.7%	2010
Electronics technician for industrial engineering	4.1%	2010
Machinist / in	3.8%	2010
Motor vehicle mechatronics / in	2.3%	2012
Electronics / in	1.3%	2010
Metal worker / in	1.1%	2010
Plant mechanic for sanitary, heating and air conditioning technology	0.8%	2010

Source: Federal Statistical Office

Professions practiced

Regular occupation	Proportion of women	was standing	Remarks
Office hours assistant	99.2%	2010	also: medical assistant, dental assistant, veterinary assistant
Pharmacy assistant	97.8%	2010	also: pharmaceutical-commercial employee
Dietician, pharmaceutical-technical assistant	97.6%	2010	also: nutritionist
Kindergarten teacher, nanny	95.8%	2010	also: educator
Other personal care providers	95.4%	2010	z. For example: beautician, hand and podiatrist
Stenographer, stenographer, typist	94.7%	2010
Laundry cutter, laundry sewer	94.3%	2010	also: -helfer / in
Housekeeping	94.3%	2010	also: house and food economist, housekeeper, housekeeper
Housekeeping Supervisor	94.1%	2010	also: housekeeping, caretaker, childcare worker
Florist	93.9%	2010	also: flower arranger
Sewer for outerwear	93.8%	2010	also: helper, clothing maker, clothing sewer
Hair stylist	93.0%	2010
Medical laboratory assistant	91.7%	2010	also: Medical laboratory technician, medical technician, X-ray assistant, veterinary medical technician, psychological technician Assistant
Closer, a. n. g.	90.2%	2010	z. E.g .: tent maker, umbrella sewer, tie sewer, sail maker, plastic u. Heavy fabric manufacturer
Cashier	89.9%	2010	also: cashier
Room and household cleaner	87.5%	2010
Nurses, midwives	86.2%	2010	also: nurses for babies and children
Data typist	86.2%	2010
Tailor	85.9%	2010	also: -helfer / in, clothing, men's, ladies' tailor / in
Sticker	84.6%	2010	also: -helfer / in, tapestry artist
Washer / in, Plätter / in	82.6%	2010
Druggist	81.8%	2010
Pharmacist	80.7%	2010
Massage therapist, physiotherapist and related professions	80.3%	2010	also: medical lifeguard, movement therapist, speech therapist, orthoptist, occupational therapist, art therapist
Social worker, social worker	80.2%	2010	also: welfare worker, educational advisor, family carer, village helper, youth carer, geriatric carer
Tourism specialist	79.0%	2010	also: travel agent / woman
Real, elementary, special school teacher	77.9%	2010	also: school assistant, subject teacher
Accountant	76.1%	2010
Saleswoman	75.9%	2010	also: specialist salesman in the food trade
Office worker	75.4%	2010	also: office messenger, administrative clerk (simple duty)
Leather clothing manufacturers and other leather processors	75.1%	2010	z. E.g .: leather processing assistant
Librarian, archivist, museum specialist	74.6%	2010	also: documentary, library, archive assistant, library assistant
Operator	74.2%	2010
Alternative practitioner	74.1%	2010	also: psychotherapist (not doctors)
Nursing helper	73.9%	2010	also: paramedic
Home manager, social worker	72.2%	2010	also: curative teacher
Optician	72.1%	2010
Textile cleaner, dyer and dry cleaner	71.5%	2010
Interpreter, translator	71.2%	2010
Office specialist	71.1%	2010	also: administrative employees, office and industrial clerks, legal and notarial assistants, clerks i. d. Real estate and housing industry, foreign language correspondent
Publishing clerk, bookseller	70.8%	2010	also: music dealer
Auditor, tax advisor	70.4%	2010	also: tax agent, tax clerk
Hat maker	68.9%	2010	also: helper, milliner, hat sewer
Waiter, flight attendant	68.6%	2010	also: restaurant specialist
Innkeeper, hotelier, restaurant clerk	68.3%	2010	also: Commercial assistant in the hotel and Catering trade, hotel specialist
Solder	67.4%	2010	also: -helfer / in
Biological-technical specialist	66.7%	2010	also: biology, agricultural-technical laboratory technician, dairy laboratory technician
Ceramic painter, glass painter	65.9%	2010	also: -helfer / in, Glas- u. Ceramic, glass u. Porcelain painter
Veterinarian	65.4%	2010
Other guest attendants	64.6%	2010	z. E.g .: assistant in the hospitality industry, porter, food and beverage publisher
Fur processor	64.4%	2010	also: helper, furrier, fur refiner, fur worker
Employment and career counselor	64.0%	2010	also: educational counselor, student advisor, school advisor, counseling teacher, education planner
Post holder	63.1%	2010	also: post office administrator
Dentist	62.8%	2010
Glove maker	62.6%	2010	also: -helfer / in
Electrical appliance and electrical parts assembler	62.3%	2010
Other textile processor	61.2%	2010	z. E.g .: textile jewelery maker, textile processing assistant
High school teacher	61.1%	2010
Room and display designer	60.7%	2010	also: interior designer
Footwear manufacturer	59.9%	2010	also: shoe factory worker, shoe maker, shoe and leather goods stepper
Chemical laboratory worker	59.8%	2010	also: -helfer / in, chemistry laboratory junior worker / in
Pastoral worker	59.0%	2010	also: deacon / deaconess, parish officer
Building society specialist	58.4%	2010
Fine leather goods manufacturer	58.0%	2010	z. E.g .: helper, bag maker, fine bag maker
Precious metal smith	57.8%	2010	also: goldsmith, silversmith, gemstone setters, gold, silver and aluminum beater
Chemical laboratory assistant	57.7%	2010	also: Chemicals inspector, paint and textile laboratory technician, precious metal inspector (chemisch-tech./physikalisch-tech.), building material inspector
Woodworker	57.1%	2010	also: -helfer / in, Bürsten- u. Brush maker, umbrella maker, wooden toy maker
Mail distributor	57.1%	2010	also: service specialist in the postal service
Banker	56.6%	2010	also: bank clerk, savings bank clerk
Radio operator	56.6%	2010	also: taxi operator, mobile operator
Dental technician	56.5%	2010	also: -helfer / in
Technical school, vocational school, works teacher	56.1%	2010
Humanities professions	55.1%	2010	z. B .: German studies, Romance studies, other philologist, philosopher, historian, archaeologist, music and theater scholar
Teacher for arts subjects, a. n. g.	54.9%	2010
Cook	54.9%	2010	also: -helfer / in
Cash collector, payer, card seller, ticket controller	53.6%	2010
Fish processor	53.5%	2010	also: -helfer / in
Advertising specialist	53.2%	2010	also: advertising clerk, customer service advisor
Bobbin winder, twister, rope maker	53.1%	2010	also: -helfer / in
Economics and social science professions, statistician	53.0%	2010	z. E.g. psychologist, economist, business economist
Sugar, confectionery, ice cream manufacturer	52.5%	2010	also: -helfer, specialist in confectionery technology
Technical draftsman	52.5%	2010	also: draftsman, surveyor, cartographer
Visual artist, graphic artist	51.6%	2010	also: sculptor, painter, designer, layouter, photo engraver, textile pattern designer, restorer (images)
Glass and building cleaner	50.8%	2010
Other teacher	50.3%	2010	z. E.g .: driving school, flight instructor, recreational pedagogue, apprentice trainer, personal trainer, teacher in adult education
Textile interlacer	50.1%	2010	also: helper, jewelry textile manufacturer
Calculator, calculator	50.1%	2010
Health insurance specialist (not social insurance)	49.4%	2010
Gas station attendant	49.2%	2010
Animal caretaker and related professions	48.8%	2010	also: -helfer / in, -meister / in
Photographer	48.8%	2010	also: cameraman / woman, photo reporter
Performing artist	48.8%	2010	also: stage manager, director, singer, dancer, actor, artistic stage auxiliary professions
Life and property insurance specialist	48.3%	2010	also: insurance salesman / woman
Ready meals, fruit and vegetable preservers and preparers	48.3%	2010	also: -helfer / in
Human medicine	47.6%	2010
Milkmaid	47.4%	2010	also: animal breeding assistants, masters, cattle keepers
Wholesaler and retailer, buyer	47.3%	2010	also: sales and branch manager
Consumer advisor	46.5%	2010	also: housekeeping, energy, environmental consultant
Publicist	45.4%	2010	also: writer, dramaturge, lecturer, editor, journalist, radio, television speaker
PE teacher	45.2%	2010	also: swimming master assistant, soccer trainer, ski instructor, dance, gymnastics, riding, driving, tennis instructor
Broker, property manager	45.1%	2010
Senior and administratively decisive administrative specialist	44.4%	2010	also: employees in the upper and higher service
Goods opener, ready-to-ship maker	44.3%	2010	also: retail packer, warehouse specialist
Web preparer	44.1%	2010	also: helper, pattern programmer
Legal representative / advisor	43.8%	2010	also: Jurist onA, attorney at law, legal advisor, notary, patent attorney, patent attorney, engineer, data protection officer
Typesetter	43.4%	2010
Tobacco maker	42.5%	2010	also: -helfer / in
Pastry chef	42.3%	2010	also: -helfer / in
Machine, container cleaner and related professions	42.1%	2010
University professor, lecturer at higher technical schools and academies	41.9%	2010	also: Scientific assistant
Doll maker, model maker, taxidermist	41.8%	2010	also: helper, biology model maker
Animal breeder	41.6%	2010	also: helper, animal farmer
Bookbinder	41.5%	2010	also: bookbinder assistant
Scientific professions	40.7%	2010	z. E.g. biologist, agricultural scientist, geographer, geoscientist, geophysicist, meteorologist
Chemical technician, physical technician	40.5%	2010	also: chemical-technical assistant
Weber	39.3%	2010	also: helper, textile machine operator / mechanic - weaving mill, textile mechanic ribbon weaving mill, textile tamper
Riveter	39.0%	2010	also: -helfer / in
Knitwear manufacturer	38.8%	2010	also: - helper, knitter, textile machine operator - knitting industry, textile mechanic - knitting industry
Printing block manufacturer	38.1%	2010	also: print template manufacturer, printing form manufacturer, repro manufacturer, flexographer, stamp maker
Landlord, broker, auctioneer	37.3%	2010	also: car and boat rental companies, film and money lenders
Meat and sausage producer	35.7%	2010	also: meat processing assistant
Gemstone worker	35.3%	2010	also: helper, gemstone cutter, gemstone engraver
Decoration and sign painter	35.0%	2010	also: Schilder- u. Illuminated advertising manufacturer
Musician	34.8%	2010	also: composer, conductor, choir director, instrumental, orchestral musician
Guardian, overseer	34.7%	2010	also: steward, usher, cloakroom attendant, bath attendant
Forwarding agent / woman	34.5%	2010	also: shipping and air traffic clerk, sea cargo controller
Coarse leather goods manufacturer, bandagist	34.5%	2010	also: saddler, bandagist helper, fine saddler
Watchmaker	33.5%	2010
Photo lab technician	33.4%	2010	also: film and video laboratory assistant
Garden architect, garden manager	33.1%	2010	also: horticultural engineer, horticultural technician
Association leader, functionary	33.0%	2010
Artistic u. Associated professions of stage, image, etc. Sound engineering	33.0%	2010	z. E.g .: stage and film set designer, techn. Stage manager, sound / image engineer, technician, lighting technician, film editor, projectionist
Tufting goods maker (= manufacturer of certain carpets)	32.4%	2010	also: textile machine operator - tufting, textile mechanic - tufting
Artist, professional athlete, artistic auxiliary professions	32.2%	2010	also: horse landlord / in, jockeys, professional soccer players / in, extras, extras, mannequins
Duplicator	32.0%	2010	also: Reprograph / in
Upholsterer, mattress manufacturer	31.9%	2010	also: helper, vehicle upholsterer, upholstery and decoration seamstress
Basket and wickerwork maker	31.7%	2010	also: -helfer / in, basket maker
Management consultant, organizer	31.4%	2010	also: sales, finance, personnel consultant, trustee
Radio and sound equipment mechanic	30.2%	2010	also: - helper, radio, television mechanic, hearing aid acoustician, communications electronics technician - radio technology
Pastor (all religious communities)	29.9%	2010
Packaging manufacturer	29.7%	2010	also: helper, packaging mechanic
Glass processor, glass refiner	29.4%	2010	also: helper, flat glass mechanic, precision optician, spectacle optics grinder
Goods inspector, sorter, a. n. g.	28.3%	2010	also: garbage sorter
Leather manufacturer, gut string maker	28.3%	2010	also: -helfer / in, tanner / in
Ceramist	28.2%	2010	also: -helfer / in, ceramic modeller / in, figure ceramicformer / in, industrial ceramist
Special printer, screen printer	28.2%	2010	also: textile finisher - printer, wallpaper printer
Chemist, chemical engineer	28.0%	2010
Other assembler	27.9%	2010	z. E.g .: industrial workers, assemblers, assemblers
Glass blower (in front of the lamp)	27.6%	2010	also: glass apparatus builder, thermometer maker, fluorescent tube glass blower
Wood shaper and related professions	27.4%	2010	also: helper, wood turner, wood sculptor, rifle stocker
Spinner, spin preparer	27.4%	2010	also: - helper, textile machine operator - spinning mill, textile mechanic - spinning mill
Wood surface refiner, veneer	27.0%	2010	also: -helfer / in, gilder / in (wood)
Engraver, chaser	26.9%	2010	also: -helfer / in
Architect, civil engineer	26.9%	2010	also: city and regional planner, monument conservator, structural engineer
Surveying Technician	26.9%	2010	also: mountain surveying technician, assistant
Bakery manufacturer	26.4%	2010	also: baker, baker's helper
Railway controller, conductor	25.5%	2010	also: railway worker in operations, businessman in railway and road traffic
Printer assistant	25.4%	2010
Plastics processor	25.0%	2010	also: helper, plastic shaper, rubber and plastic lining
Wire shaper, processor	24.8%	2010	also: helper, wire goods maker, young cable worker
Health assurance professions	24.6%	2010	also: disinfector, pest controller, meat inspector, carcass recycler, undertaker
Winemaker	24.2%	2010	also: winery director, cellar master
Flour, nutrient manufacturer	24.1%	2010	also: helper, miller, specialist in food technology
Technical ship's officer, ship's engineer	23.9%	2010
Agricultural engineer, agricultural advisor	23.2%	2010	also: agricultural technician
Manager, managing director, business unit manager	23.2%	2010	also: sales, administration, human resources, production manager, management assistant
Metal adhesive and other metal connectors	23.0%	2010
Security controller	22.1%	2010	also: trade supervisor, environmental protection officer, diver
Farmer	21.9%	2010	also: graduate farmer, estate director
Shoemaker	21.8%	2010	also: helper, orthopedic shoemaker
Administrator, consultant in agriculture and animal breeding	21.8%	2010
Textile outfitter	21.7%	2010	also: -helper, textile machine operator (finishing), textile finisher - finishing, - coating
Other paper converters	21.5%	2010	z. E.g .: helper, paper goods manufacturer, paper embossing, cutting and coating machine operator
Specialists in physics and mathematics and technology	21.2%	2010	also: physics laboratory assistant, measurement and control mechanic, mathematical-technical assistant, materials tester (physics), assistant in the heating department
Aviation professions	21.1%	2010	also: pilot, flight engineer, air traffic controller
Warehouse, transport worker	20.7%	2010	also: messenger, co-driver, warehouse, shipping and transport helper
House or business servant	20.7%	2010	also: hotel, theater, hall servant, groundskeeper
Gardener, gardener	20.5%	2010	also: -meister / in
Commercial agent, traveler	20.4%	2010	also: pharmaceutical consultant
Farm worker	20.2%	2010	also: -helfer / in
Other production technicians	19.9%	2010	z. E.g. food technician, printing technician, textile technical assistant, clothing technician
Milk and fat processor	19.3%	2010	also: dairy worker, dairy specialist
Surveying engineer	19.0%	2010
Metalworker on A.	18.9%	2010	z. E.g .: skilled workers, production skilled workers, metal workers
Security guard, detective	18.9%	2010
Metal finisher, a. n. g.	18.5%	2010	also: helper, belt maker, cutlery maker, spectacle frame maker, belt maker and metal pusher
Data processing specialist	18.5%	2010	also: data processing merchant, data technology assistant, IT assistant
Electric motor and transformer builder	18.0%	2010	also: electrical machine builder, electrical machine fitter, electrical machine builder helper
Fisherman	17.9%	2010	also: Fischwirt / in
Musical instrument maker	17.9%	2010	also: -helper, violin maker, bow maker, hand pull, woodwind instrument maker
Vehicle cleaner, carer	17.9%	2010
Warehouse manager, magazine	17.2%	2010	also: Specialist for warehouse management
Metal polisher	16.9%	2010	also: helper, pre-polisher (jewelry and small device manufacture), fine polisher
Physicist, physics engineer, mathematician	16.7%	2010
Other driving controller, conductor	16.3%	2010	also: fleet manager, loading manager
Rubber manufacturer, processor	15.5%	2010	also: -helfer / in
Chemical plant worker	15.4%	2010	also: chemical skilled worker, chemical assistant, chemical technician, pharmacist, wax puller
Sheet metal press, puller, punch	15.3%	2010	also: -helfer / in
Wine cooper	15.3%	2010	also: -helfer / in
Other beverage manufacturer, taster	15.1%	2010	z. E.g .: burner, lemonade- u. Mineral water maker, distiller, specialist in fruit juice technology
Felt maker, hat stump maker	14.9%	2010	also: -helfer / in, textile machine operator - non-woven fabric, textile mechanic - non-woven fabric
Interior decorator	14.8%	2010	also: helper, decorator, flooring installer, parquet layer
Stone worker	14.7%	2010	also: helper, natural stone grinder, stonemason etc. Stone sculptor
Other technician	14.6%	2010	z. B .: REFA, health and environmental protection technician, technician in public service a. n. g.
Textile dyer	14.5%	2010	also: -helper, textile finisher - dyeing
Forest manager, forester, hunter	13.8%	2010	also: forest engineer, technician, master
Flat glass maker	13.6%	2010	also: -helfer / in
Galvanizer, metal dyer	13.3%	2010	also: -helfer / in, galvanizer / in u. Metal grinder
Brandy maker	13.1%	2010	also: -helfer / in
Other engineer	12.9%	2010	z. B .: industrial engineer, REFA-, environmental protection engineer, technical operations manager a. n. g.
Coachman	12.9%	2010	also: team leader
Precision mechanic	12.6%	2010	also: -helper, orthopedic, surgical and industrial mechanical equipment and precision engineering, tool mechanic, instrument technician, gunsmith
Other production engineers	12.0%	2010	z. E.g. food engineer, engineer for printing technology
Electrical appliance manufacturer	11.4%	2010	also: - helper, electrical mechanic, industrial electronics technician - device technology, energy device, office information and communication electronics technician, information technician
Porter, caretaker	10.9%	2010
Other metal formers (non-cutting deformation)	10.6%	2010	also: -helfer / in
Hollow glass maker	10.4%	2010	also: helper, industrial glass maker, glass maker
Demolitionist (except for a gunner)	9.9%	2010	also: -helfer / in
Construction technician	9.6%	2010	also: cultural building technician, civil engineering assistant, road construction technician
Butcher	9.5%	2010	also: -helfer / in
Wood processor	9.2%	2010	also: -helfer / in, woodworking mechanic
Inland skipper	9.0%	2010	also: port skipper, Ewerführer / in
Letterpress (letterpress)	8.8%	2010
Rail vehicle driver	8.7%	2010
Navigator	8.3%	2010	also: Nautical ship officer, sea skipper, pilot
Earthmoving worker	7.8%	2010	also: cemetery worker
Mining, metallurgical, foundry engineer	7.7%	2010
Other water transport professions	7.6%	2010	z. For example: ferrymen, waterway traffic attendant, port overseer, lock keeper
Wheelwright, cooper	7.5%	2010	also: helper, vehicle mechanic, wagner
Enameller, hot-dip galvanizer etc. a. Metal surface finishing.	7.4%	2010	also: helper, enamel font painter
Other machinists	6.9%	2010	z. E.g. pump, air conditioning, ventilation system operator, stage (theater) operator
Industrial foreman, foreman	6.7%	2010	also: training master / in, -leiter / in
Paper and pulp manufacturer	6.6%	2010	also: -helfer / in, paper maker
Engineer in mechanical engineering and vehicle construction	6.4%	2010
Goods painter, varnisher	6.2%	2010	also: helper, car, vehicle painter
Mechanical engineer	6.1%	2010	also: technical assistant - mechanical engineering, body and vehicle construction, supply, precision technician
Transport equipment operator	6.0%	2010	also: cart driver, conveyor belt operator, elevator operator
Other wood and sports equipment builders	5.9%	2010	z. E.g .: helper, boat builder, roller shutter and blind builder, ship builder, light aircraft builder
Technician of the electrical specialist	5.8%	2010	also: electrical engineering assistant, engineering assistant
Electrical engineer	5.6%	2010	also: Engineer for power engineering, communications and telecommunications technology
Forest worker, forest user	5.6%	2010	also: -helfer / in, forester (forest skilled worker / in), forestry foreman
Brewer, maltster	5.6%	2010	also: -helfer / in
Chimney sweep	5.6%	2010
Other cutting professions	5.4%	2010	z. E.g .: metal saw, filer, deburrer
Glass mass manufacturer	5.4%	2010	also: -helfer / in
Telecommunications fitter, craftsman	5.4%	2010	also: helper, telecommunications (systems) electronics technician, mechanic, communications electronics technician - telecommunications technology
Model maker	5.4%	2010	also: model carpenters, mold makers, model builders
Hobler	5.3%	2010	also: -helfer / in
Semi-finished product cleaner and other mold casting professions	5.1%	2010	also: foundry assistant, casting cleaner
Mineral processor, mineral burner	5.1%	2010	also: helper, processing mechanic
Energy machinist	5.0%	2010
Flat and gravure printer	5.0%	2010	also: lithographer
Stone crusher	4.9%	2010	also: -helfer / in
Other mechanics	4.8%	2010	z. B. sewing, office machine, two-wheeler, refrigeration, industrial mechanic - production technician, parts fitter, refrigeration system builder, machine assembler
Mining, metallurgical, foundry technician	4.8%	2010
Former, core maker	4.7%	2010	also: -helfer / in
Drill	4.6%	2010	also: -helfer / in
Metal grinder	4.4%	2010	also: helper, cutting machine operator - grinding tech.
Motor vehicle driver	4.3%	2010	also: professional driver
Machine setter, on A.	4.2%	2010	z. E.g .: machine setter
Soil, gravel, sand winner	4.2%	2010	also: -helfer / in
Machine attendant, machinist assistant	4.2%	2010	also: helper, pump, boiler, switchgear attendant, line supervisor
Stoker	4.1%	2010	also: heater helper
Conveyor, ropeway machinist	3.9%	2010
Stevedores, movers	3.9%	2010
Plasterer, plasterer, plasterer	3.8%	2010	also: -helfer / in
Painter, varnisher (expansion)	3.7%	2010	also: specialist consultant for paints, varnishes and plastics, painter and varnishing assistant
Locksmith, on A.	3.7%	2001	also: -helfer / in
Glazier	3.6%	2010	also: -helfer / in
Deckhands in shipping	3.5%	2010
Carpenter	3.1%	2010	also: helper, wood mechanic
Street cleaner, garbage collector	3.1%	2010	also: supplier and disposal company
Aircraft Mechanic / in	2.9%	2010	also: helper, aircraft mechanic, aircraft engine mechanic
Steel smith	2.7%	2010	also: helper, pen maker, cutting tool mechanic
Electrician, fitter	2.7%	2010	also: helper, industrial, energy, process control electronics technician, electrical system fitter, automotive electrician
Metal puller	2.6%	2010	also: helper, mastermind
Metal hardener	2.6%	2010	also: helper, universal hardener
Furnace fitter, air heating fitter	2.6%	2010	also: helper, tiled stove and air heating builder
Insulator, sealer	2.5%	2010	also: -helper, heat, cold, sound insulator, adhesive sealer, drywall fitter, asphalt paver
Lathe operator	2.4%	2010	also: helper, cutting machine operator - turning technology, turret lathe operator, cutting machine operator - automatic turning technology
Oil and gas winners	2.3%	2010	also: -helfer / in
Vulcanizer	2.2%	2010	also: -helfer / in, Vulkanizer / in u. Tire mechanic
Iron, metal producer, smelter	2.2%	2010	also: -helfer / in, ironworker / in (blast furnace, steelworks), process mechanic in d. Hütten- u. Semi-finished products
Container builder, coppersmith and related professions	2.1%	2010	also: -helfer / in, plant mechanic / in - apparatus technology
Mold caster	2.1%	2010	also: helper, foundry mechanic, metal former etc. Metal caster, pewter caster, bell caster
Milling cutter	2.1%	2010	also: - helper, cutting machine operator - milling technology
Other construction workers, construction workers, a. n. g.	2.0%	2010
Professional firefighters	2.0%	2010
Locksmith	2.0%	2010	also: helper, model fitter, construction mechanic - equipment technology
Toolmaker	1.9%	2010	also: -helfer / in, tool mechanic - punching u. Forming technology, tool mechanic - mold technology
Crane operator	1.9%	2010
Road warden	1.8%	2010
Sheet metal worker	1.8%	2010	also: - helper, plumber, construction mechanic - sheet metal construction technology, body and vehicle builder, aircraft builder
Carpenter	1.8%	2010	also: helper, skilled construction worker, ship carpenter
Culture and hydraulic engineering worker	1.8%	2010	also: helper, hydraulic engineer
Waltz	1.7%	2010	also: -helfer / in, ironworker / in (rolling mill)
Sheet metal, plastic locksmith	1.7%	2010	also: -helfer / in
Motor vehicle repairer	1.5%	2010	also: helper, motor vehicle mechanic, automobile mechanic
Form stone, concrete manufacturer	1.4%	2010	also: -helfer / in, process mechanic i. d. Stone u. Earth industry, concrete block u. Terrazzo manufacturer, precast concrete component builder
Machine fitter	1.4%	2010	also: -helfer / in, industrial mechanic / in - machine and System technology, mechanical engineering mechanic
Paver, stone setter	1.4%	2010	also: -helfer / in
Screed, terrazzo builder	1.4%	2010	also: -helfer / in
Welder, flame cutter	1.3%	2010	also: helper, fusion welder
Machine, electrical, gunner	1.1%	2010	also: -helfer / in
Works fitter, repair fitter	1.0%	2010	also: -helfer / in, industrial mechanic / in - industrial engineering
Steel construction fitter, iron shipbuilder	0.9%	2010	also: -helfer / in, construction mechanic - metal u. Shipbuilding technology
Agricultural machinery reconditioner	0.7%	2010	also: helper, agricultural machinery mechanic
Miners	0.6%	2010	also: mining helper, mining mechanic, miner u. Machine man / woman
Pipe fitter	0.6%	2010	also: helper, gas, water, central heating, ventilation installer
Scaffolders	0.6%	2010	also: -helfer / in
Road builder	0.6%	2010	also: -helfer / in, civil engineering worker
Tiler	0.6%	2010	also: -helfer / in, tile, plate u. Mosaic layer
Bricklayer	0.5%	2010	also: -helfer / in, building construction worker, oven, furnace and Chimney builder
Concrete worker	0.5%	2010	also: -helfer / in, Beton- u. Reinforced concrete worker
Roofer	0.5%	2010	also: -helfer / in
Track builder	0.5%	2010	also: -helfer / in
Pipe network builder, pipe fitter	0.3%	2010	also: - helper, plant mechanic - supply technology, pipeline constructor
Other civil engineers	0.3%	2010	z. E.g .: well builder, sewer, sewer builder
Earthmoving machine operator	0.2%	2010	also: excavator operator
Construction machinery operator	0.2%	2010	also: compressed air chisel, concreting machine operator, construction equipment operator

Austria

Apprenticeships

Apprenticeship	Proportion of women	was standing	Remarks
Cosmetics	98.1%	2010
Foot care	97.8%	2010
druggist	96.0%	2010
Floristry	94.2%	2010
Pharmaceutical commercial assistant	93.4%	2010
Legal assistant	92.7%	2010
Hairdresser and wig maker	92.2%	2010
Health and nursing	87.0%	2009	Diploma. Percentage of psychiatric care 56%. According to the Austrian Heavy Labor Ordinance, only heavy labor for women
Travel agent assistant	81.5%	2010
Office clerk	80.0%	2010
Administrative assistant	79.5%	2010
Accountant	79.1%	2010
Industrial clerk	77.7%	2010
Professional photographer	73.7%	2010
Retail salesman	70.3%	2010	all subgroups
Optician	69.6%	2010
Confectioner	68.5%	2010
Restaurant specialist	67.5%	2010	According to the Austrian Heavy Labor Ordinance, only heavy labor for women
Real estate agent	64.9%	2010
System catering	64.4%	2010	Fast food
Bank clerk	58.5%	2010
Gastronomy specialist	52.8%	2010	According to the Austrian Heavy Labor Ordinance, only heavy labor for women
Insurance salesman	52.2%	2010
Wholesale merchant	49.3%	2010
cook	34.3%	2010	According to the Austrian Heavy Labor Ordinance, only heavy labor for women
baker	33.4%	2010	According to the Austrian Heavy Labor Ordinance, only heavy labor for women
Monument and building cleaner	28.5%	2010	According to the Austrian Heavy Labor Ordinance, facades only for women
gardener	24.8%	2010	Hard work
IT businessman	24.6%	2010
Painter and house painter	19.1%	2010	Hard work
Chimney sweep	12.1%	2010	According to the Austrian Heavy Labor Ordinance, only heavy labor for women
electronics technician	11.8%	2010
Production technician	11.8%	2010
Glass construction technician	10.3%	2010	Assembly and mold making according to the Austrian Heavy Labor Ordinance only for women Heavy work
Information technologist	9.9%	2010
carpenter	9.5%	2010	Cabinet maker according to the Austrian Heavy Labor Ordinance only for women heavy labor
Mechatronics engineer	8.2%	2010
Electrical machine technician	7.2%	2010
Metal technician	5.6%	2010	According to the Austrian Heavy Labor Ordinance, only heavy labor for women
Butcher	5.2%	2010	According to the Austrian Heavy Labor Ordinance, only heavy labor for women
IT system technician	4.3%	2010
Hafner	3.6%	2010	Hard work
Electrical engineer	2.9%	2010	According to the Austrian Heavy Labor Ordinance, only heavy labor for women
Body shop technician	2.9%	2010	According to the Austrian Heavy Labor Ordinance, only heavy labor for women
Automotive technician	2.6%	2010	According to the Austrian Heavy Labor Ordinance, only heavy work for women, only trucks for men
Tile and tile layers	1.3%	2010	Hard work
Prefabricated house builder	1.0%	2010
Installation and building technicians	0.9%	2010	Hard work
Civil engineer	0.9%	2010	According to the Austrian Heavy Labor Ordinance, only heavy labor for women
Spengler	0.8%	2010	According to the Austrian Heavy Labor Ordinance, only heavy labor for women
Refrigeration technician	0.6%	2010
roofer	0.4%	2010	Hard work
Carpenter	0.4%	2010	Hard work
Road maintenance specialist	0.4%	2010	Hard work
Bricklayer	0.3%	2010	Hard work
Formwork builder	0.3%	2010	Hard work
Pavers	0.0%	2010	Hard work

Switzerland

Apprenticeships

Apprenticeship	Proportion of women	was standing	Remarks
Beautician EFZ	99.8%	2010
Dental assistant	99.7%	2010
Dental assistant EFZ	99.7%	2010
Medical practice assistant	99.5%	2010
Medical practice assistant EFZ	99.1%	2010
Florist EFZ	98.2%	2010
Pharmaceutical assistant EFZ	97.5%	2010
Veterinary practice assistant EFZ	97.2%	2010
Specialist in housekeeping EFZ	97.0%	2010
Clothing designer	96.5%	2010
Hairdresser / -euse	94.6%	2010
Hotel specialist EFZ	93.7%	2010
Podiatrist EFZ	93.3%	2010
Druggist	92.7%	2010
Hairdresser EFZ	92.3%	2010
Equine specialist EFZ	91.2%	2010
Health specialist	90.8%	2010
Health specialist EFZ	89.7%	2010
Specialist supervision EFZ	86.8%	2010
Bookseller EFZ	83.3%	2010
Decoration designer	81.9%	2010
Hotel and catering specialist	81.8%	2010
Photo specialist EFZ	80.8%	2010
Polydesigner 3D EFZ	78.8%	2010
Bookseller	77.5%	2010
Zookeeper	77.4%	2010
Specialist information and documentation EFZ	77.1%	2010
Restoration specialist EFZ	75.9%	2010
Optician	75.0%	2010
Information and documentation assistant	74.0%	2010
Merchant B	71.3%	2010
Pastry chef / confectioner	70.7%	2010
Interior draftsman	70.1%	2010
Animal caretaker EFZ	69.8%	2010
Retail specialist EFZ - advice	66.9%	2010
Goldsmith	65.3%	2010
Retail specialist EFZ - management	65.0%	2010
Designer	64.5%	2010
Businessman / -woman EFZ	64.3%	2010
Interior decorator	62.8%	2010
Polygrave EFZ	62.7%	2010
Textile technologist EFZ	61.4%	2010
Photographer	60.2%	2010
Designer of advertising technology EFZ	57.8%	2010
Dental technician EFZ	56.6%	2010
Graphic artist	55.3%	2010
Graphic artist EFZ	54.8%	2010
Baker-confectioner	54.4%	2010
Print media processor EFZ	46.1%	2010
Laboratory assistant EFZ	45.6%	2010
Diet cook EFZ	42.5%	2010
Multimedia designer	42.3%	2010
Painter	38.9%	2010
Cook	38.6%	2010
Chef EFZ	36.8%	2010
Structural draftsman	36.0%	2010
Watchmaker practitioner	34.4%	2010
Printing technologist EFZ	33.7%	2010
Draftsman EFZ	32.0%	2010
Computer scientist	27.9%	2010
Mediamatician	27.8%	2010
Gardener	23.7%	2010
Printing technologist	23.4%	2010
Physics laboratory assistant - measurement technology	22.1%	2010
Architectural draftsman	21.9%	2010
Food technologist	21.6%	2010
Physics laboratory assistant	21.0%	2010
Micro-draftsman	20.8%	2010
Watchmaker (rhabillage / industry)	20.8%	2010
Geomatician	18.9%	2010
Dairy technologist	18.0%	2010
Carrossier / in paint shop EFZ	18.0%	2010
Building cleaner	17.2%	2010
Meat specialist EFZ	17.1%	2010
Geomatician EFZ	17.0%	2010
Chimney sweep	16.7%	2010
Industrial painter EFZ	15.7%	2010
Building technology planner EFZ	14.5%	2010
Logistician EFZ	14.4%	2010
Farmer EFZ	13.2%	2010
Plant operator EFZ	13.2%	2010
Farmer	12.6%	2010
Truck driver	12.2%	2010
Electrical planner EFZ	12.0%	2010
Metal construction engineer EFZ	11.6%	2010
Winemaker	11.6%	2010
Building services planner	11.4%	2010
Design engineer	10.8%	2010
Design engineer EFZ	10.7%	2010
Carpenter	10.3%	2010
Chemical and pharmaceutical technologist EFZ	10.2%	2010
Two-wheel mechanic - small motorcycles	9.8%	2010
Two-wheel mechanic	9.3%	2010
Two-wheel mechanic - bicycles	9.1%	2010
Plastics technologist EFZ	8.5%	2010
Computer scientist EFZ	8.4%	2010
Business maintenance specialist EFZ	8.3%	2010
Electrical practitioner	7.6%	2010
Automatic fitter EFZ	7.4%	2010
Tiler	6.2%	2010
Glazier	6.1%	2010
Floor layer	5.8%	2010
Motorcycle mechanic	5.1%	2010
Telematics specialist EFZ	5.0%	2010
Micromechanic	4.8%	2010
Production mechanic EFZ	4.7%	2010
Ventilation system builder EFZ	4.3%	2010
Electronics technician	4.3%	2010
Electronics technician EFZ	3.9%	2010
Plasterer	3.7%	2010
Polymechanic	3.4%	2010
Multimedia electronics technician	3.4%	2010
Mecha practitioner	3.3%	2010
Automation technician	3.1%	2010
Polymechanic EFZ	3.1%	2010
Automotive specialist EFZ	2.8%	2010
Automotive mechatronics technician EFZ	2.8%	2010
Electrician	2.7%	2010
Spengler EFZ	2.3%	2010
Track builder EFZ	2.3%	2010
Electronics technician	2.3%	2010
Automation technician EFZ	2.1%	2010
Auto mechanic	1.9%	2010
Carrossier / in plumber EFZ	1.8%	2010
Metal worker EFZ	1.8%	2010
Network electrician	1.8%	2010
Polybauer / in EFZ	1.7%	2010
Electrician EFZ	1.6%	2010
Plant and apparatus builder	1.6%	2010
Auto mechanic - A light motor vehicle	1.5%	2010
Refrigeration technician	1.5%	2010
Carpenter	1.5%	2010
Forest warden EFZ	1.4%	2010
Road builder EFZ	1.3%	2010
Sanitary installer EFZ	1.3%	2010
Vehicle locksmith	1.1%	2010
Plasterer and painter	1.1%	2010
Heating installer EFZ	1.1%	2010
Assembly electrician EFZ	1.0%	2010
Plumbing fitter	0.8%	2010
Bricklayer	0.8%	2010
Agricultural machinery mechanic EFZ	0.6%	2010
Construction machinery mechanic EFZ	0.3%	2010
Motor equipment mechanic EFZ	0.0%	2010

Source: Federal Statistical Office

The Federal Certificate of Proficiency (EFZ) corresponds to the journeyman's certificate and the skilled worker certificate in Germany and Austria, or only in Germany to the IHK examination certificate .

Proportion of women in the judiciary

Germany

The figures for the courts and public prosecutor's offices are staff numbers in proportion to the workforce , not head counts. The proportion of women in headcount is likely to be higher due to the higher part-time quota.

institution	Proportion of women	was standing	Remarks
Social courts	49%	December 31, 2018
Public prosecutor	48%	December 31, 2018
Ordinary courts	46%	December 31, 2018
Labor courts	42%	December 31, 2018
Lawyers	35%	01/01/2019
Administrative courts	43%	December 31, 2018
Finance courts	36%	December 31, 2018
BVerfG First Senate	37.5%	2019	Susanne Baer , Gabriele Britz , Yvonne Ott
BVerfG Second Senate	50%	2019	Doris König , Monika Hermanns , Sibylle Kessal-Wulf , Christine Langenfeld
All in all	46%	December 31, 2018

See also : Federal Constitutional Court, section: Share of women in the Federal Constitutional Court since 1951

Austria

Judges

institution	Proportion of women	was standing	Remarks
Higher Regional Court Vienna	57%	2010
Higher Regional Court Graz	43%	2010
Higher Regional Court Linz	43%	2010
Higher Regional Court Innsbruck	36%	2010
Supreme Court	31%	2010
Federal Ministry of Justice	21%	2010
OLG as a whole	49%	2010
Other total	22%	2010

Source: Federal Ministry of Justice

Public prosecutors

institution	Proportion of women	was standing	Remarks
OStA Vienna	52%	2010
OStA Graz	45%	2010
OStA Linz	45%	2010
OStA Innsbruck	45%	2010
General Procuratorate	38%	2010
Federal Ministry of Justice	23%	2010
OStA total	48%	2010
Other total	16%	2010

1. ↑ Senior Public Prosecutor's Office

Source: Federal Ministry of Justice

United States

institution	Proportion of women	was standing	Remarks
United States Supreme Court	33.3%	2011
State Courts	26.0%	2009	corresponds roughly to the German regional court

Share of women in journalism

country	Proportion of women	was standing	Remarks
Germany	37%	2005
Austria	42%	2007

Management level in Germany

Leading print media 2017	Weighted proportion of women in management positions
The time	38%
image	36%
The mirror	31%
star	28%
The world	20%
Southgerman newspaper	20%
Focus	18%
Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung	14%

Share of female editors-in-chief of German regional newspapers in 2016: 5%

Share of women in education and science

Nobel Prizes

Marie Curie, Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 and Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911 (1920)

By 2010, a total of 773 Nobel Prizes had been awarded in the five classic categories, 710 of which went to men, 40 to women and 23 to organizations. The only multiple award winner is Marie Curie (1903 and 1911). The proportion of women among the award winners is 5.6% in the classic categories. Including the Alfred Nobel Memorial Prize for Economics , which was first awarded to a woman, the proportion is 5.3%.

category	Proportion of women	comment
literature	11.2%
peace	10.2%
medicine	5.1%
chemistry	2.6%
economy	1.5%	“In memory of Alfred Nobel”, awarded from 1969
physics	1.1%

National Science Academies

country	Science academy	Proportion of women	Remarks
Cuba	Academy of Sciences of Cuba	27%
Caribbean	Caribbean Academy of Sciences	26%	Based in St. Augustine , Trinidad and Tobago
Czech Republic	Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic	24%
South Africa	Academy of Sciences of South Africa	24%
Mexico	Mexican Academy of Sciences	23%
Nicaragua	Academy of Sciences of Nicaragua	23%
Peru	National Academy of Sciences of Peru	20%
Uruguay	National Academy of Sciences of Uruguay	19%
Sri Lanka	National Academy of Sciences of Sri Lanka	18%
Latvia	Latvian Academy of Sciences	18%
Honduras	Academy of Sciences of Honduras	17%
Finland	Finnish Academy of Sciences	17%
Japan	Japanese Science Council	17%
Switzerland	Swiss Academies of Arts and Sciences	17%
Canada	Royal Society of Canada	16%
Malaysia	Academy of Sciences of Malaysia	15%
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina	15%
Ireland	Royal Irish Academy	14%
Venezuela	Academy of Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences of Venezuela	14%
Costa Rica	National Academy of Sciences of Costa Rica	14%
Netherlands	Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences	14%
Colombia	Colombian Academy of Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences	14%
Austria	Austrian Academy of Sciences	13%
Dominican Republic	Academy of Sciences of the Dominican Republic	13%
Brazil	Brazilian Academy of Sciences	13%
Uganda	Academy of Sciences of Uganda	13%
Sweden	Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences	13%
United States	National Academy of Sciences of the United States	13%
Guatemala	Academy of Medical, Physical and Natural Sciences of Guatemala	12%
Chile	Chilean Academy of Sciences	12%
Argentina	National Academy of Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences	12%
Ghana	Academy of Arts and Sciences of Ghana	11%
Cameroon	Academy of Sciences of Cameroon	11%
Albania	Albanian Academy of Sciences	10%
Croatia	Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts	10%
Germany	German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina	10%
Morocco	Hassan II Academy of Science and Technology	10%
Australia	Australian Academy of Sciences	10%
Switzerland	Swiss Academy of Technical Sciences	10%
Serbia	Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts	9%
Montenegro	Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts	9%
Nigeria	Nigerian Academy of Sciences	9%
New Zealand	Royal Society of New Zealand	9%
Turkey	Turkish Academy of Sciences	9%
Bolivia	National Academy of Sciences of Bolivia	9%
Spain	Royal Academy of Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences	8th %
France	Academy of Sciences of the Institut de France	8th %
Pakistan	Pakistani Academy of Sciences	8th %
Georgia	Georgian National Academy of Sciences	8th %
Bangladesh	Academy of Sciences of Bangladesh	7%
Kenya	Academy of Sciences of Kenya	7%
Palestinian Territories	Palestinian Academy of Science and Technology	7%
United Kingdom	Royal Society	6%
Sudan	Sudanese National Academy of Sciences in Kenya	6%
India	Indian Academy of Sciences	6%
China	Chinese Academy of Sciences	6%
Italy	Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei	5%
Slovenia	Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts	5%
Hungary	Hungarian Academy of Sciences	5%
Ethiopia	Ethiopian Academy of Sciences	5%
Mongolia	Mongolian Academy of Sciences	5%
Poland	Polish Academy of Sciences	4%
Tanzania	Academy of Sciences of Tanzania	4%

Source: Ngila et al. (2017)

Professorships

country	Proportion of women	was standing	Remarks
Iran	20.0%	2009
Austria	19.0%	2009
Germany	18.3%	2009
Switzerland	16.4%	2009

Education

→ Main article : Women's studies

First phase of tertiary education . Programs that are theory-oriented / preparatory to research or offer access to professions with very high qualification requirements (first university degree of level 5 A).

country	Subject	Proportion of women	was standing	Remarks
Finland	pedagogy	92.0%	2009
Finland	Veterinary medicine	91.8%	2009
Finland	Social affairs	91.5%	2009
Austria	pedagogy	91.0%	2009
Switzerland	pedagogy	90.7%	2009
Finland	Health and social services	90.1%	2009
Finland	health	89.7%	2009
Denmark	Veterinary medicine	89.6%	2009
Sweden	Veterinary medicine	89.4%	2009
United States	Social affairs	89.4%	2009
Sweden	Social affairs	88.0%	2009
Denmark	pedagogy	87.9%	2009
Denmark	Manufacturing and processing	85.9%	2009
Germany	Veterinary medicine	85.9%	2009
Sweden	Security services	85.7%	2009
United States	Health and social services	85.7%	2009
Germany	Teaching and training	85.6%	2009
United States	health	85.2%	2009
Austria	Veterinary medicine	85.2%	2009
Denmark	Agricultural and Veterinary Science	85.1%	2009
Norway	Social affairs	84.7%	2009
Finland	environmental Protection	84.5%	2009
EU-27	Social affairs	83.7%	2009
Finland	Teacher training and education science	83.6%	2009
Norway	Health and social services	83.3%	2009
Finland	Personal services	83.3%	2009
Sweden	Health and social services	83.1%	2009
Norway	health	83.0%	2009
Denmark	health	82.8%	2009
Sweden	pedagogy	82.5%	2009
Sweden	health	81.9%	2009
Denmark	Health and social services	81.3%	2009
EU-27	pedagogy	81.2%	2009
Austria	Teacher training and education science	81.2%	2009
Finland	Teaching and training	81.2%	2009
Germany	Social affairs	80.4%	2009
EU-27	Teaching and training	79.6%	2009
Denmark	Social affairs	79.5%	2009
Norway	Teaching and training	79.5%	2009
Switzerland	Veterinary medicine	79.4%	2009
Finland	Services	79.4%	2009
Austria	Social affairs	79.3%	2009
United States	Teacher training and education science	79.2%	2009
EU-27	Teacher training and education science	79.1%	2009
Austria	Teaching and training	78.8%	2009
Sweden	Teacher training and education science	78.7%	2009
Sweden	Teaching and training	78.6%	2009
Finland	Humanities	78.1%	2009
Finland	Life sciences	77.9%	2009
Norway	Veterinary medicine	77.0%	2009
Finland	Journalism and information	76.9%	2009
Switzerland	Social affairs	75.8%	2009
Germany	Humanities	75.5%	2009
EU-27	Health and social services	75.0%	2009
Switzerland	Teacher training and education science	74.5%	2009
Switzerland	Health and social services	73.9%	2009
Germany	Humanities and arts	73.9%	2009
Finland	Humanities and arts	73.9%	2009
Norway	Teacher training and education science	73.8%	2009
Germany	Teacher training and education science	73.5%	2009
EU-27	Humanities	73.1%	2009
Switzerland	health	73.0%	2009
EU-27	health	72.9%	2009
United States	Law	72.9%	2009
Denmark	Teacher training and education science	72.6%	2009
Sweden	environmental Protection	72.4%	2009
Germany	Health and social services	72.2%	2009
Sweden	Journalism and information	72.2%	2009
Denmark	Teaching and training	72.1%	2009
Finland	Social and behavioral sciences	72.0%	2009
Switzerland	Teaching and training	71.8%	2009
Norway	Life sciences	71.6%	2009
Germany	Journalism and information	70.8%	2009
Sweden	Life sciences	70.5%	2009
Germany	pedagogy	70.4%	2009
Austria	Journalism and information	70.4%	2009
EU-27	Humanities and arts	70.2%	2009
EU-27	Veterinary medicine	70.2%	2009
Austria	Health and social services	70.0%	2009
Sweden	Social and behavioral sciences	69.5%	2009
Austria	Life sciences	69.2%	2009
Germany	Life sciences	69.2%	2009
Finland	Social, economic and legal sciences	69.1%	2009
Finland	Arts	69.1%	2009
Finland	economy & Administration and Management	68.6%	2009
Austria	Humanities	68.3%	2009
Austria	health	68.1%	2009
EU-27	Journalism and information	67.6%	2009
Norway	Agricultural and Veterinary Science	67.0%	2009
Denmark	Humanities	66.8%	2009
EU-27	Social and behavioral sciences	66.8%	2009
Austria	Humanities and arts	66.5%	2009
Germany	Arts	66.5%	2009
Denmark	Agriculture, forestry and fishing industries	66.1%	2009
Switzerland	Social and behavioral sciences	66.1%	2009
Switzerland	Humanities	66.1%	2009
Sweden	Law	66.0%	2009
Germany	health	65.4%	2009
Norway	Social and behavioral sciences	65.4%	2009
Sweden	All in all	65.1%	2009
Sweden	Personal services	65.0%	2009
Denmark	Humanities and arts	65.0%	2009
Finland	All in all	64.9%	2009
EU-27	Life sciences	64.4%	2009
Austria	Arts	64.3%	2009
Germany	Math and statistics	64.3%	2009
Austria	Social and behavioral sciences	64.0%	2009
EU-27	Arts	63.9%	2009
Sweden	Humanities	63.8%	2009
Switzerland	Journalism and information	63.5%	2009
Denmark	Life sciences	63.5%	2009
Austria	Agricultural and Veterinary Science	63.5%	2009
United States	Personal services	63.4%	2009
Sweden	Social, economic and legal sciences	63.3%	2009
Norway	All in all	63.1%	2009
Norway	pedagogy	63.1%	2009
Denmark	All in all	63.0%	2009
Sweden	Humanities and arts	62.9%	2009
Finland	Law	62.7%	2009
Sweden	Agricultural and Veterinary Science	62.6%	2009
United States	Journalism and information	62.5%	2009
United States	Social and behavioral sciences	62.4%	2009
Switzerland	Humanities and arts	62.4%	2009
Switzerland	Personal services	62.2%	2009
Germany	Social and behavioral sciences	62.0%	2009
Germany	Personal services	61.9%	2009
EU-27	Social, economic and legal sciences	61.2%	2009
Sweden	Arts	61.2%	2009
Denmark	Law	60.9%	2009
United States	Arts	60.7%	2009
Norway	Arts	60.5%	2009
Austria	Social, economic and legal sciences	60.3%	2009
EU-27	Law	60.2%	2009
United States	Humanities and arts	60.2%	2009
Sweden	Services	60.2%	2009
United States	Humanities	60.0%	2009
Norway	Law	59.9%	2009
EU-27	Personal services	59.4%	2009
United States	Life sciences	59.2%	2009
Norway	Agriculture, forestry and fishing industries	59.1%	2009
Norway	Personal services	59.1%	2009
EU-27	All in all	59.0%	2009
Switzerland	Agricultural and Veterinary Science	59.0%	2009
Switzerland	Arts	58.4%	2009
Norway	Humanities and arts	58.4%	2009
Austria	Law	57.9%	2009
Switzerland	Law	57.9%	2009
Norway	Social, economic and legal sciences	57.8%	2009
EU-27	economy & Administration and Management	57.8%	2009
Denmark	Journalism and information	57.7%	2009
Denmark	Social and behavioral sciences	57.5%	2009
Norway	Journalism and information	57.5%	2009
Denmark	Arts	57.4%	2009
United States	All in all	57.2%	2009
Austria	All in all	57.0%	2009
Norway	Humanities	56.8%	2009
Austria	economy & Administration and Management	56.7%	2009
Finland	Agricultural and Veterinary Science	56.4%	2009
Germany	All in all	56.3%	2009
Sweden	Exact science	56.0%	2009
United States	Social, economic and legal sciences	55.6%	2009
Germany	Services	55.5%	2009
United States	Services	55.4%	2009
Sweden	Agriculture, forestry and fishing industries	54.7%	2009
Sweden	economy & Administration and Management	54.6%	2009
EU-27	Math and statistics	54.5%	2009
EU-27	environmental Protection	53.7%	2009
Germany	Law	53.6%	2009
Austria	Agriculture, forestry and fishing industries	53.6%	2009
Finland	Agriculture, forestry and fishing industries	53.6%	2009
Switzerland	All in all	53.5%	2009
Norway	economy & Administration and Management	53.4%	2009
Germany	Social, economic and legal sciences	53.3%	2009
EU-27	Services	53.2%	2009
Denmark	Social, economic and legal sciences	53.2%	2009
Germany	Agricultural and Veterinary Science	52.3%	2009
EU-27	Manufacturing and processing	51.7%	2009
Finland	Exact science	51.5%	2009
Finland	Math and statistics	51.2%	2009
EU-27	Agricultural and Veterinary Science	51.0%	2009
Norway	environmental Protection	50.7%	2009
United States	environmental Protection	50.6%	2009
Norway	Manufacturing and processing	50.0%	2009
Switzerland	Social, economic and legal sciences	50.0%	2009
Sweden	Natural sciences, mathematics and computer science	49.7%	2009
United States	Security services	49.5%	2009
Switzerland	Life sciences	49.5%	2009
Finland	Manufacturing and processing	49.5%	2009
United States	economy & Administration and Management	49.0%	2009
Switzerland	Services	48.7%	2009
Switzerland	Manufacturing and processing	48.5%	2009
Denmark	Personal services	48.3%	2009
Germany	economy & Administration and Management	47.9%	2009
Norway	Math and statistics	47.9%	2009
EU-27	Exact science	47.6%	2009
Austria	environmental Protection	46.6%	2009
United States	Agricultural and Veterinary Science	46.3%	2009
United States	Agriculture, forestry and fishing industries	46.3%	2009
EU-27	Agriculture, forestry and fishing industries	46.1%	2009
Germany	Manufacturing and processing	45.5%	2009
Germany	Exact science	45.2%	2009
Germany	Natural sciences, mathematics and computer science	45.0%	2009
United States	Natural sciences, mathematics and computer science	45.0%	2009
Denmark	economy & Administration and Management	44.9%	2009
Norway	Exact science	44.8%	2009
Austria	Personal services	44.2%	2009
United States	Math and statistics	43.3%	2009
Finland	Natural sciences, mathematics and computer science	43.1%	2009
Germany	Architecture and construction	42.4%	2009
EU-27	Natural sciences, mathematics and computer science	42.1%	2009
Switzerland	environmental Protection	42.0%	2009
Norway	Services	41.6%	2009
Sweden	Architecture and construction	41.6%	2009
Germany	Agriculture, forestry and fishing industries	41.4%	2009
Denmark	Math and statistics	40.9%	2009
United States	Exact science	40.8%	2009
Denmark	Exact science	40.8%	2009
Sweden	Manufacturing and processing	40.4%	2009
Austria	Math and statistics	40.2%	2009
Sweden	Math and statistics	39.8%	2009
Austria	Architecture and construction	39.4%	2009
Germany	Security services	38.7%	2009
Switzerland	Agriculture, forestry and fishing industries	37.8%	2009
EU-27	Architecture and construction	37.4%	2009
Austria	Services	36.1%	2009
Germany	environmental Protection	35.8%	2009
Denmark	Natural sciences, mathematics and computer science	35.1%	2009
Switzerland	economy & Administration and Management	34.7%	2009
Austria	Natural sciences, mathematics and computer science	34.1%	2009
Switzerland	Architecture and construction	33.1%	2009
Switzerland	Exact science	32.7%	2009
Norway	Natural sciences, mathematics and computer science	32.1%	2009
Austria	Exact science	32.0%	2009
Norway	Architecture and construction	31.3%	2009
Switzerland	Natural sciences, mathematics and computer science	30.2%	2009
Denmark	Architecture and construction	30.1%	2009
EU-27	Security services	29.8%	2009
Denmark	Engineering, manufacturing and construction	28.8%	2009
Sweden	Engineering, manufacturing and construction	28.4%	2009
EU-27	Engineering, manufacturing and construction	28.1%	2009
United States	Architecture and construction	27.7%	2009
Finland	Computer science	26.4%	2009
Switzerland	Math and statistics	26.3%	2009
Austria	Engineering, manufacturing and construction	26.1%	2009
Denmark	Engineering and technical professions	25.5%	2009
Norway	Transport services	25.2%	2009
Germany	Transport services	25.1%	2009
Norway	Security services	25.0%	2009
Sweden	Engineering and technical professions	23.9%	2009
Norway	Engineering, manufacturing and construction	23.7%	2009
Sweden	Computer science	23.4%	2009
Germany	Engineering, manufacturing and construction	22.5%	2009
EU-27	Transport services	22.2%	2009
Finland	Engineering, manufacturing and construction	21.5%	2009
Denmark	Services	20.7%	2009
Finland	Architecture and construction	20.7%	2009
United States	Manufacturing and processing	20.7%	2009
Finland	Transport services	20.0%	2009
EU-27	Engineering and technical professions	19.7%	2009
Austria	Engineering and technical professions	19.6%	2009
Finland	Engineering and technical professions	19.5%	2009
United States	Engineering, manufacturing and construction	19.3%	2009
Austria	Manufacturing and processing	19.1%	2009
Sweden	Transport services	18.4%	2009
Austria	Computer science	18.2%	2009
Norway	Engineering and technical professions	17.9%	2009
United States	Computer science	17.8%	2009
Switzerland	Engineering, manufacturing and construction	17.8%	2009
Finland	Security services	17.7%	2009
EU-27	Computer science	16.7%	2009
United States	Engineering and technical professions	15.7%	2009
Germany	Computer science	15.3%	2009
Norway	Computer science	13.7%	2009
Denmark	Computer science	13.6%	2009
Germany	Engineering and technical professions	12.0%	2009
United States	Transport services	10.8%	2009
Switzerland	Engineering and technical professions	7.8%	2009
Switzerland	Computer science	5.8%	2009
Denmark	Security services	4.3%	2009
Austria	Security services	3.2%	2009
Denmark	Transport services	1.2%	2009
Switzerland	Security services	0.0%	2009

Source: Eurostat database

Share of women in the military

→ Main article : Share of women in the military worldwide

Israeli female soldier in a reconnaissance unit

See also

• Classification of occupations
• Career choice
• Male domain
• Women's domain
• Gender balance among students
• Share of women on supervisory boards
• List of women on the supervisory boards of DAX companies
• Controversies over election procedures and the proportion of women at the Bremen State Court in 2007
• Share of women in the Master of Business Administration course
• Gender distribution in management
• Employment structure in health and nursing

literature

• Doris Liebwald: Gender quotas , regulation in Austria and in the EU with a focus on Austria's universities. New Scientific Publishing House, Vienna / Graz 2011.

Parliaments, Germany:

• Raphael Magin: The lower half. Forms, developments and causes of the underrepresentation of women in German parliaments . Zugl. Konstanz, Univ., Diss., 2010. 1st edition. Lit Verlag , Berlin / Münster 2011, ISBN 978-3-643-10893-7 ( limited preview in Google book search).
• Mechtild Fülles: The woman in politics . Women in party and parliament. Publishing house for science and politics, Cologne 1969, p. 122 (membership numbers according to Mechtild Fülles).
• Rosemarie Nemitz: The woman in the German parliaments . In: Union monthly journal . Issue 4, No. 9 , 1958, pp. 242 .
• Gabriele Bremme: The political role of women in Germany. A study of the influence of women in elections and their participation in party and parliament . Göttingen 1956, p. 131 .
• Federal Ministry for Family, Seniors, Women and Youth (ed.): Atlas on equality between women and men in Germany . 3. Edition. Berlin December 2010 ( Online [PDF; 8.5 MB ; accessed on June 8, 2013] Key figures and map material on the distribution of political and academic offices, school and university degrees and gainful employment in a regional comparison in Germany).

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Ilse Lenz : The new women's movement in Germany. Farewell to the small difference. Selected sources . 2nd updated edition. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften , Wiesbaden 2010, ISBN 978-3-531-17436-5 , p. 34 f .
2. ^ Germany: Atlas on equality between women and men in Germany. Status: December 2010, 3rd edition. Retrieved June 3, 2011 (PDF; 8.5 MB)
3. ↑ Proportion of women in the state parliament. (No longer available online.) Statistical Office, Liechtenstein , 2011, archived from the original on November 13, 2010 ; Retrieved June 8, 2013 . 
4. ↑ Switzerland: Federal Statistical Office: Equal Opportunities Atlas. Gender equality index of the cantons. Retrieved June 3, 2011 ( Memento June 19, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
5. ↑ United Nations (UNDP) / Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM): Implementation of Agenda 21 - indicators on gender equality. Using the example of the city of Duisburg. ( Memento from December 22, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) Published by the Ministry for the Environment, Regional Planning and Agriculture of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, Düsseldorf 1999, p. 9. Accessed on June 3, 2011. (PDF; 445 kB).
6. ^ Gisela Helwig: Equality as a basic right . Ed .: bpb . Frankfurt a. M. 1990, p. 124 f . ( Online ( Memento of November 20, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) [accessed June 8, 2013]).
7. ↑ Ingrid Biermann: From difference to equality. Women's movement and politics of inclusion in the 19th and 20th centuries . Transcript , Bielefeld 2009, ISBN 978-3-8376-1224-0 , pp. 100-102 .
8. ↑ Section 91 Civil Code, Vienna 1811. In: General Civil Code for the entire German hereditary lands of the Austrian monarchy. I. Part. 1811, accessed on November 14, 2011 : “§. 91. The man is the head of the family. In this capacity he has the right to direct the household; but it is also up to him to provide the wife with decent maintenance according to his assets and to represent her in all incidents. " 
9. ↑ §141 ABGB, Vienna 1811. In: General civil code for the entire German hereditary countries of the Austrian monarchy. I. Part. 1811, accessed on November 14, 2011 : “§. 141. It is especially the father's duty to look after the children until they can support themselves. The care of her body and her health is mainly linked to the mother taking care of herself. " 
10. ^ German education server: Promotion of women. Retrieved June 3, 2011.
11. ↑ Citizens' program 2011. Election program of the FDP regional association Bremen for the 2011 citizenship election. P. 67. Accessed on June 3, 2011. ( Memento from July 24, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 443 kB)
12. ↑ For the numbers of boys in the education sector, cf. Atlas on equality between women and men in Germany. Status: December 2010, 3rd edition, pp. 21–30 , accessed on June 3, 2011 (PDF; 8.5 MB).
13. ↑ Handelsblatt: The fight for the women's quota divides the economy. February 4, 2011 , accessed June 3, 2011.
14. ↑ Financial Times Germany: France introduces quota for women on boardrooms. January 14, 2011 ( memento of January 17, 2011 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on June 3, 2011
15. ^ The slightly different statistics, at www.moneyhouse.ch, February 11, 2011. ( Memento from May 30, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
16. ↑ ^{a b} The women in the elections - federal level ( Memento from August 2, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), Federal Statistical Office, 2011.
17. ↑ Gender balance - European Parliament. Distribution by country. European Parliament, accessed November 8, 2016 . 
18. ↑ German Bundestag : German Bundestag: Members. In: bundestag.de. Retrieved September 21, 2019 . 
19. ↑ Raphael Magin: The lower half. Forms, developments and causes of the underrepresentation of women in German parliaments . Zugl. Konstanz, Univ., Diss., 2010. 1st edition. Lit Verlag , Berlin / Münster 2011, ISBN 978-3-643-10893-7 , p. 204 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
20. ↑ Jan Kercher: Second part. Everyone on board? A look at the proportion of women in German politics. Die Zeit , June 29, 2011, accessed on January 17, 2012 (The politics blog in Zeit online). 
21. ↑ Hannelore Mabry : Weeds in Parliament. The importance of female parliamentary work for the emancipation of women . 2nd Edition. Andreas Achenbach, Lollar / Giessen 1974.
22. ↑ ^{a b} Women in Parliament. (No longer available online.) Swiss Federal Assembly , October 23, 2011, archived from the original on January 21, 2012 ; Retrieved January 14, 2012 . 
23. ↑ Cantonal elections of March 16, 2008. (PDF; 75 kB) (No longer available online.) Www.sz.ch, March 17, 2008, p. 6 , archived from the original on September 25, 2013 ; Retrieved January 15, 2012 . 
24. ↑ Cantonal government elections: Development of the proportion of women by cantons T 17.2.4.3.4. (Excel file; 27 kB) (No longer available online.) Federal Statistical Office , December 18, 2011, archived from the original on February 2, 2014 ; Retrieved January 14, 2012 . 
25. ↑ IG Metall editorial team: IG Metall Youth - Girls in Motor Vehicle Professions. Retrieved July 28, 2017 . 
26. ↑ 2010 apprentices in the 20 most heavily occupied apprenticeships. (Excel; 3.3 MB) In: Education and Culture - Vocational Education. Federal Statistical Office , 2010, accessed on February 6, 2013 (Table: Tab_1_04_1). 
27. ^ Office hours assistant, Berufsordnung 856. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 21, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
28. ↑ Apothekenhelfer, Berufsordnung 685. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on January 22, 2017 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
29. ↑ Dieticians, pharmaceutical-technical assistants, professional regulations 855. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 3, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
30. ↑ Kindergarten teachers, child care workers, professional code 864. In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, accessed November 27, 2011 . 
31. ↑ Other body care providers, Berufsordnung 902. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on January 2, 2017 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
32. ↑ Stenographers, shorthand typists, typists, professional code 782. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on 15 November 2017 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
33. ↑ Laundry cutter, laundry sewing machine, professional code 353. In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, accessed November 27, 2011 . 
34. ^ Hauswirtschaftsverwalter, Berufsordnung 921. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 2, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
35. ↑ Hauswirtschaftliche Betreuer, Berufsordnung 923. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on May 22, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
36. ↑ florists, professional code 053. (Not available online.) In: Occupations as reflected by statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
37. ^ Outer clothing sewers, Berufsordnung 352. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 14, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
38. ^ Hairdressers, professional code 901. In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, accessed November 27, 2011 . 
39. ↑ Medical laboratory assistants, Berufsordnung 857. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on January 21, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
40. ↑ For more details, op. n. g., Berufsordnung 356. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on January 20, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
41. ↑ Cashier, Berufsordnung 773. In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, accessed November 27, 2011 . 
42. ↑ Raum-, Hausratreiniger, Berufsordnung 933. In: Profufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, accessed November 27, 2011 . 
43. ↑ Nurses, nurses, midwives, professional code 853. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 16, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
44. ↑ Datotypists, Berufsordnung 783. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on February 2, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
45. ^ Schneider, Berufsordnung 351. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on February 2, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
46. ^ Sticker, Berufsordnung 354. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 15, 2017 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
47. ↑ scrubber Plaetter, Professional Code 931. (Not available online.) In: Occupations as reflected by statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
48. ^ Drogisten, Berufsordnung 684. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 3, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
49. ↑ Apotheker, Berufsordnung 844. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on February 21, 2011 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
50. ↑ Massage therapists, physiotherapists and related professions, professional code 852. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 28, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
51. ^ Social worker, social worker, professional code 861. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 3, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
52. ↑ Tourism specialists, Berufsordnung 702. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 17, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
53. ↑ Real, elementary, special school teachers, Berufsordnung 873. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on January 15, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
54. ↑ Buchhalter, Berufsordnung 772. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 24, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
55. ↑ Sellers, Berufsordnung 682. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on August 31, 2014 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
56. ^ Office workers, professional code 784. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on February 21, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
57. ↑ Leather clothing manufacturers and other leather processors, Berufsordnung 376. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 15, 2017 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
58. ^ Librarians, archivists, museum specialists, professional code 823. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 29, 2014 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
59. ↑ Telefonisten, Berufsordnung 734. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 29, 2014 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
60. ↑ Heilpraktiker, Berufsordnung 851. In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, accessed November 27, 2011 . 
61. ^ Helpers in nursing, professional code 854. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 15, 2017 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
62. ^ Home manager, social pedagogues, professional code 862. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on February 26, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
63. ↑ Opticians, Berufsordnung 304. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 29, 2014 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
64. ^ Textile cleaners, dyers and dry cleaners, professional code 932. In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, accessed November 27, 2011 . 
65. ↑ Interpreters, Translators, Professional Code 822. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 29, 2014 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
66. ↑ Office specialists, Berufsordnung 781. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
67. ↑ Publishers, booksellers, professional code 683. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
68. ↑ Wirtschaftsprüfer, Steuerberater, Berufsordnung 753. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 3, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
69. ↑ Hut-, Mützenmacher, Berufsordnung 355. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on May 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
70. ↑ Waiters, stewards, stewardesses, professional regulations 912. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 29, 2014 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
71. ↑ Innkeepers, hoteliers, restaurant clerks, professional code 911. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 21, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
72. ↑ Löter, Berufsordnung 242. In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, accessed November 27, 2011 . 
73. ↑ Biological-technical specialists, Berufsordnung 631. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 15, 2017 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
74. ↑ Kerammaler, Glasmaler, Berufsordnung 514. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 29, 2014 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
75. ↑ Tierärzte, Berufsordnung 843. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 29, 2014 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
76. ↑ Other guest advisors, professional regulations 913. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 10, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
77. ↑ Fellverarbeiter, Berufsordnung 378. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 29, 2014 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
78. ↑ Arbeits-, Berufsberater, Berufsordnung 863. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 2, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
79. ↑ Posthalter, Berufsordnung 731. In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, accessed November 27, 2011 . 
80. ^ Zahnärzte, Berufsordnung 842. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on September 7, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
81. ↑ Handschuhmacher, Berufsordnung 377. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 3, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
82. ↑ Elektrogeräte-, Elektroteilemontierer, Berufsordnung 321. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 29, 2014 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
83. ↑ Other textile processors, Berufsordnung 357. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on February 2, 2017 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
84. ^ High school teacher, Berufsordnung 872. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 29, 2014 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
85. ↑ Space and show advertising design, professional regulations 836. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
86. ↑ Shoe manufacturer, Berufsordnung 373. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
87. ↑ Chemielaborwerker, Berufsordnung 142. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
88. ^ Pastoral care assistant, Berufsordnung 893. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 29, 2014 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
89. ↑ Bausparkasse specialists, Berufsordnung 692. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 29, 2014 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
90. ↑ Fine leather goods manufacturer, Berufsordnung 375. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 29, 2014 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
91. ↑ Edelmetallschmiede, Berufsordnung 302. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 29, 2014 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
92. ↑ Chemielaboranten, Berufsordnung 633. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 3, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
93. ↑ Holzwarenmacher, Berufsordnung 183. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 3, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
94. ↑ Postverteiler, Berufsordnung 732. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on 29 November 2014 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
95. ↑ Bank specialists, Berufsordnung 691. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 3, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
96. ↑ radio operators, professional code 733. (Not available online.) In: Occupations as reflected by statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on February 1, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
97. ^ Zahntechniker, Berufsordnung 303. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on February 20, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
98. ↑ Technical school, vocational school, factory teacher, professional code 874. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 29, 2014 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
99. ↑ Humanities professions, Berufsordnung 882. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 25, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
100. ^ Teacher for arts subjects, op. n. g., Berufsordnung 875. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 29, 2014 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
101. ↑ Kochs, Berufsordnung 411. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 15, 2017 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
102. ↑ Money collectors, payers, ticket sellers, ticket controllers, professional code 706. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 29, 2014 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
103. ↑ Fischverarbeiter, Berufsordnung 403. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on April 19, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
104. ^ Advertisers, professional code 703. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 5, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
105. ^ Spuler, Zwirner, Seiler, Berufsordnung 332. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 28, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
106. ↑ Economics and social science professions, statisticians, Berufsordnung 881. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
107. ↑ Sugar, confectionery, ice cream manufacturers, professional code 433. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 29, 2014 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
108. ↑ Technical draftsman, Berufsordnung 635. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 12, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
109. ↑ Visual artists, graphic artists, professional regulations 833. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on May 29, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
110. ↑ Glas-, Gebäudereiniger, Berufsordnung 934. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 29, 2014 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
111. ↑ Other teachers, Berufsordnung 877. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 15, 2017 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
112. ↑ Textilverflechter, Berufsordnung 346. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 15, 2017 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
113. ↑ Calculators, Calculators, Berufsordnung 771. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 29, 2014 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
114. ↑ health professionals (not Social Security), Professional Code 693. (Not available online.) In: Occupations as reflected by statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 29, 2014 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
115. ↑ Tankwarte, Berufsordnung 686. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 29, 2014 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
116. ↑ Animal keeper and related professions, Berufsordnung 044. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 21, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
117. ^ Fotographen, Berufsordnung 837. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on April 20, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
118. ↑ Performing artists, Berufsordnung 832. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 28, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
119. ↑ Life and property insurance specialists, professional regulations 694. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 15, 2017 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
120. ↑ Ready meals, fruit and vegetable preservers and preparers, professional code 412. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 30, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
121. ↑ Doctors (Human Medicine), Berufsordnung 841. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 11, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
122. ↑ Melker, Berufsordnung 042. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on May 26, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
123. ↑ Wholesalers and retailers, buyers, professional code 681. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 3, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
124. ↑ Consumer adviser, Berufsordnung 922. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 31, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
125. ^ Publizisten, Berufsordnung 821. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
126. ↑ Sports teacher, Berufsordnung 876. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on April 2, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
127. ↑ Brokers, property managers, professional code 704. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on January 12, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
128. ↑ Leading and administratively decisive administrative experts, Berufsordnung 762. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 21, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
129. ↑ Warenaufmacher, ready for dispatch, professional code 522. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 15, 2017 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
130. ↑ Web preparer, Berufsordnung 341. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 17, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
131. ↑ Legal representatives, legal advisors, professional code 813. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 3, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
132. ↑ Typesetter , Berufsordnung 171. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on February 26, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
133. ^ Tabakwarenmacher, Berufsordnung 424. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on January 8, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
134. ↑ Confectioners, Berufsordnung 392. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 2, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
135. ↑ Machine, container cleaners and related professions, professional code 937. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on January 3, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
136. ↑ University professors, lecturers at higher technical schools and academies, Berufsordnung 871. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 6, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
137. ^ Puppet makers, model builders, taxidermists, professional code 306. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on January 12, 2017 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
138. ↑ Tierzüchter, Berufsordnung 021. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on January 15, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
139. ↑ Buchbinderberufe, Berufsordnung 163. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 8, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
140. ↑ Natural science professions, Berufsordnung 883. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 16, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
141. ↑ Chemietechniker, Physikotechniker, Berufsordnung 626. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 3, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
142. ^ Weber, Berufsordnung 342. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 25, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
143. ^ Nieter, Berufsordnung 243. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
144. ↑ Maschenwarenfertiger, Berufsordnung 344. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 25, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
145. ↑ Printing block manufacturer, Berufsordnung 172. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 4, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
146. ↑ Landlords, brokers, auctioneers, professional code 705. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 15, 2017 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
147. ↑ Meat and sausage producers, professional code 402. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 3, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
148. ^ Gemstone workers, professional code 102. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on May 18, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
149. ↑ Decorations, sign painters, professional regulations 834. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 26, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
150. ^ Musicians, Berufsordnung 831. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
151. ↑ Wächter, Aufseher, Berufsordnung 792. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 25, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
152. ↑ Freight forwarding clerks, Berufsordnung 701. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on January 18, 2017 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
153. ↑ Groblederwarenmacher, Bandagisten, Berufsordnung 374. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 24, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
154. ↑ watchmaker Professional Code 286. (Not available online.) In: Occupations as reflected by statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on January 14, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
155. ^ Photo laboratory assistants, Berufsordnung 634. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
156. ↑ Gartenarchitekten, Gartenverwalter, Berufsordnung 052. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 25, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
157. ↑ Association managers , officials, professional code 763. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 2, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
158. ↑ Artistic a. Associated professions in the stage, image and sound technology, professional code 835. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
159. ↑ Tuftingwarenmacher (= manufacturer of certain carpets), Berufsordnung 343. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 3, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
160. ↑ Artists, professional athletes, artistic auxiliary professions, professional code 838. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 2, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
161. ↑ duplicator, Berufsordnung 176. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
162. ↑ Upholsterers, mattress manufacturers, professional regulations 492. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
163. ↑ Korb-, Brachtwarenmacher, Berufsordnung 184. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
164. ↑ Management consultants, organizers, professional code 752. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 15, 2017 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
165. ↑ Funk-, Tongerätemechaniker, Berufsordnung 315. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on May 21, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
166. ↑ Pastoral care workers (all religious communities), Berufsordnung 891. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on October 14, 2018 ; accessed on July 5, 2019 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
167. ↑ Packaging manufacturer, Berufsordnung 162. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 14, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
168. ^ Glass workers, glass refiners, Berufsordnung 135. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on June 7, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
169. ↑ Goods inspectors and sorters, a. n. g., Berufsordnung 521. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on April 1, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
170. ↑ Leather manufacturer, gut string maker, Berufsordnung 371. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 27, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
171. ↑ Keramiker, Berufsordnung 121. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 3, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
172. ↑ Special printer, screen printer, professional regulations 175. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on January 27, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
173. ^ Chemists, Chemical Engineers, Professional Code 611. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on February 2, 2017 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
174. ↑ Other Montierer, Berufsordnung 322. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 27, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
175. ^ Glassblower (in front of the lamp), Berufsordnung 134. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on January 10, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
176. ↑ Wood formers and related professions, professional code 182. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 9, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
177. ↑ Spinner, Spinnvorbereiter, Berufsordnung 331. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 3, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
178. ↑ Holzoberflächenveredler, Veneer, Berufsordnung 513. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 28, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
179. ↑ Engravers, chasers, professional code 232. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 3, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
180. ^ Architects, civil engineers, Berufsordnung 603. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 3, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
181. ↑ Surveyors, professional regulations 624. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 15, 2017 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
182. ↑ Baked goods manufacturer, Berufsordnung 391. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 18, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
183. ↑ rail operation control, -schaffner, Professional Code 712. (Not available online.) In: Occupations as reflected by statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
184. ↑ Druckerhelfer, Berufsordnung 177. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 6, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
185. ^ Plastics processing companies, Berufsordnung 151. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on June 2, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
186. ↑ Wire formers and processors, Berufsordnung 212. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 9, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
187. ↑ Health-ensuring professions, professional code 805. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on January 26, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
188. ↑ Weinbauern, Berufsordnung 012. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 3, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
189. ↑ Flour and nutrient manufacturers, Berufsordnung 432. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
190. ↑ Technical ship officers, ship machinists, professional code 722. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 5, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
191. ↑ agronomists, agricultural extension officers, professional code 032. (Not available online.) In: Occupations as reflected by statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 29, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
192. ↑ Manager, managing director, division manager, Berufsordnung 751. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on September 7, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
193. ↑ Metal glue and other metal connectors, Berufsordnung 244. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on January 6, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
194. ↑ Security controllers , Berufsordnung 803. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 16, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
195. ↑ Farmers, Berufsordnung 011. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
196. ↑ Schuhmacher, Berufsordnung 372. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on February 26, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
197. ↑ Administrator, consultant in agriculture and animal breeding, Berufsordnung 031. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on September 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
198. ^ Textile outfitters, Berufsordnung 362. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 3, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
199. ↑ Other paper processors, Berufsordnung 164. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 15, 2017 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
200. ↑ Specialized specialists in physics and mathematics and technology, Berufsordnung 632. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 28, 2016 ; accessed on July 5, 2019 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
201. ^ Aviation professions, professional code 726. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
202. ^ Warehouse and transport workers, professional code 744. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
203. ^ House and trade servants, professional code 794. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 15, 2017 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
204. ↑ Gardeners, gardeners, professional code 051. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on January 8, 2016 ; accessed on July 5, 2019 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
205. ↑ Commercial agents, travelers, professional code 687. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on May 9, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
206. ↑ country labor, professional code 041. (Not available online.) In: Occupations as reflected by statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 3, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
207. ↑ Other production technicians, Berufsordnung 627. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on January 24, 2017 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
208. ↑ Milch-, Fettverarbeiter, Berufsordnung 431. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 27, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
209. ↑ Vermessungsingenieure, Berufsordnung 604. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on January 14, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
210. ↑ Metallarbeiter onA, Berufsordnung 323. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
211. ^ Plant security people, detectives, professional code 791. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
212. ↑ Metallfeinbauer, op. n. g., Berufsordnung 301. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
213. ^ Data processing specialists, Berufsordnung 774. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
214. ^ Electric motor and transformer builders, professional code 313. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on September 8, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
215. ↑ Fischer, Professional Code 022. (Not available online.) In: Occupations as reflected by statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
216. ↑ Musikinstrumentenbauer, Berufsordnung 305. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 3, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
217. ↑ Vehicle cleaners, carers, professional code 936. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on May 19, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
218. ↑ Lagerverwalter, Magaziner, Berufsordnung 741. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; accessed on July 6, 2019 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
219. ^ Metallpolierer, Berufsordnung 231. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on February 25, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
220. ↑ Physicists, physics engineers, mathematicians, Berufsordnung 612. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on January 7, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
221. ↑ Other driving controller, conductor, professional code 713. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 28, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
222. ^ Rubber manufacturers, processors, professional code 143. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 9, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
223. ↑ Chemiebetriebswerker, Berufsordnung 141. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
224. ↑ Blechpresser, -zieher, -stanzeer, Berufsordnung 211. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on May 16, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
225. ^ Weinküfer, Berufsordnung 421. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on January 18, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
226. ↑ Other beverage manufacturers, Koster, Berufsordnung 423. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on February 3, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
227. ↑ Filzmacher, Hutstumpmacher, Berufsordnung 345. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on January 27, 2017 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
228. ↑ Raumausstatter, Berufsordnung 491. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 15, 2017 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
229. ^ Stone workers, Berufsordnung 101. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 12, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
230. ↑ Other technicians, Berufsordnung 628. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on January 15, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
231. ↑ Textilfärber, Berufsordnung 361. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 15, 2017 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
232. ↑ Forest administrators, foresters, hunters, professional regulations 061. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on May 3, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
233. ↑ Flachglasmacher, Berufsordnung 133. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
234. ↑ Galvaniseure, Metallfärber, Berufsordnung 234. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
235. ↑ Brandy manufacturers, Berufsordnung 111. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on February 1, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
236. ↑ Other engineers, Berufsordnung 607. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 10, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
237. ^ Kutscher, Berufsordnung 715. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 25, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
238. ↑ Feinmechaniker, Berufsordnung 284. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 4, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
239. ^ Other manufacturing engineers, professional code 606. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on January 23, 2017 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
240. ↑ Elektrogerätebauer, Berufsordnung 314. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 3, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
241. ↑ Porter, caretaker, professional code 793. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on June 8, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
242. ↑ Other metal formers (non-cutting deformation), Berufsordnung 213. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
243. ↑ Hohlglasmacher, Berufsordnung 132. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 15, 2017 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
244. ↑ Sprengmeister (except Schießhauer), Berufsordnung 464. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on April 28, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
245. ^ Bautechniker, Berufsordnung 623. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on April 17, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
246. ^ Fleischer, Berufsordnung 401. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on January 10, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
247. ↑ Holzaufbereiter, Berufsordnung 181. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on April 27, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
248. ^ Binnenschiffer, Berufsordnung 724. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on September 3, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
249. ↑ Buchdrucker (letterpress), Berufsordnung 173. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 15, 2017 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
250. ↑ Rail vehicle driver , Berufsordnung 711. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
251. ^ Nautiker, Berufsordnung 721. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 3, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
252. ^ Earthmoving workers, Berufsordnung 471. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 4, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
253. ^ Mining, metallurgy, foundry engineers, professional code 605. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on January 23, 2017 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
254. ↑ Other water transport professions, Berufsordnung 725. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
255. ^ Stellmacher, Böttcher, Berufsordnung 503. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on February 3, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
256. ↑ Enamellers, hot-dip galvanizers, etc. a. Metalloberflächenvered., Berufsordnung 235. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 30, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
257. ^ Other machinists, Berufsordnung 543. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 3, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
258. ↑ Industriemeister, Werkmeister, Berufsordnung 629. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on January 5, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
259. ^ Paper and pulp manufacturers, Berufsordnung 161. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on May 22, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
260. ↑ Engineers in mechanical engineering and vehicle construction, professional code 601. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
261. ↑ Goods Painters, -lackierer, Professional Code 512. (Not available online.) In: Occupations as reflected by statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on February 21, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
262. ^ Mechanical engineering technician, Berufsordnung 621. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
263. ↑ Transportgeräteführer, Berufsordnung 742. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 16, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
264. ↑ Other wood, sports equipment manufacturers, professional code 504. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 3, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
265. ↑ Techniker des Elektrofach, Berufsordnung 622. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 3, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
266. ↑ Elektroingenieure, Berufsordnung 602. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on February 2, 2017 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
267. ↑ Forest workers, forest users, professional code 062. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 15, 2017 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
268. ↑ Brauer, Mälzer, Berufsordnung 422. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
269. ↑ Schornsteinfeger, Berufsordnung 804. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 16, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
270. ↑ Other cutting professions, professional code 226. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 15, 2017 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
271. ^ Glass mass manufacturer, Berufsordnung 131. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 15, 2017 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
272. ↑ Telecommunication technicians, tradesmen, professional code 312. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 21, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
273. ↑ Model carpenter, Berufsordnung 502. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
274. ↑ Hobler, Berufsordnung 223. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 3, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
275. ↑ Semi-finished product cleaner and other molding foundry professions, professional code 203. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on January 30, 2017 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
276. ↑ Mineralaufbereiter, Mineralbrenner, Berufsordnung 091. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 3, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
277. ↑ Energy machinists, Berufsordnung 541. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
278. ↑ Flach-, Gravdrucker, Berufsordnung 174. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 15, 2017 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
279. ↑ Steinbrecher, Berufsordnung 081. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on May 3, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
280. ↑ Other mechanics, Berufsordnung 285. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
281. ↑ Mining, metallurgy, foundry technician, professional code 625. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 15, 2017 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
282. ^ Former, Kernmacher, Berufsordnung 201. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on May 6, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
283. ↑ Bohrer, Berufsordnung 224. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
284. ↑ Metallschleifer, Berufsordnung 225. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 15, 2017 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
285. ↑ Motor vehicle driver, Berufsordnung 714. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on May 14, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
286. ↑ Maschineneinrichter, onA, Berufsordnung 549. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 22, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
287. ↑ earthworks, gravel, sand winning, professional code 082. (Not available online.) In: Occupations as reflected by statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 23, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
288. ^ Machine attendant , machinist helper, professional code 547. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
289. ^ Heizer, Berufsordnung 548. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 3, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
290. ^ Förder-, Seilbahnmaschinisten, Berufsordnung 542. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on May 11, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
291. ^ Stauer, Möbelpacker, Berufsordnung 743. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on January 18, 2017 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
292. ↑ Stucco workers, plasterers, plasterers, professional code 481. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 3, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
293. ^ Painter, varnishers (expansion), professional code 511. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on April 5, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
294. ↑ Schlosser, onA, Berufsordnung 270. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2001, archived from the original on January 8, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
295. ^ Glaser, Berufsordnung 485. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
296. ↑ Decksmen in der Seeschiffahrt, Berufsordnung 723. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on February 3, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
297. ^ Tischler, Berufsordnung 501. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 23, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
298. ↑ Street cleaner, waste disposal, professional code 935. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 9, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
299. ↑ Aircraft mechanic, Berufsordnung 283. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on April 15, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
300. ↑ Stahlschmiede, Berufsordnung 251. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 3, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
301. ↑ Electrical installers, fitters, professional code 311. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on January 14, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
302. ^ Metallzieher, Berufsordnung 193. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 15, 2017 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
303. ^ Metallvergüter, Berufsordnung 233. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 19, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
304. ↑ Furnace setter, air heating builder, professional code 484. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on September 2, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
305. ^ Isolierer, Abdichter, Berufsordnung 482. In: Profufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, accessed November 27, 2011 . 
306. ^ Dreher, Berufsordnung 221. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on May 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
307. ↑ petroleum, natural gas winners, Professional Code 083. (Not available online.) In: Occupations as reflected by statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 29, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
308. ↑ Vulkaniseure, Berufsordnung 144. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 16, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
309. ↑ Eisen-, Metallzeuger, Schmelzer, Berufsordnung 191. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
310. ^ Container builders, coppersmiths and related professions, professional code 252. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 5, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
311. ↑ Formgießer, Berufsordnung 202. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 7, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
312. ^ Fräser, Berufsordnung 222. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 21, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
313. ↑ Other construction workers, construction workers, a. n. g., Berufsordnung 472. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 29, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
314. ↑ Professional fire fighters, professional code 802. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
315. ^ Bauschlosser, Berufsordnung 271. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on January 9, 2017 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
316. ↑ Werkzeugmacher, Berufsordnung 291. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 15, 2017 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
317. ↑ Kranführer, Berufsordnung 544. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
318. ↑ Road maintenance service, Berufsordnung 716. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 7, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
319. ↑ Feinblechner, Berufsordnung 261. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
320. ^ Zimmerer, Berufsordnung 451. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on February 28, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
321. ↑ Kultur-, Wasserbauwerker, Berufsordnung 465. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 3, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
322. ↑ Walzer, Berufsordnung 192. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
323. ↑ Sheet metal, plastic locksmiths, Berufsordnung 272. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 18, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
324. ↑ Motor vehicle repairers , Berufsordnung 281. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 3, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
325. ↑ Formstein-, Betonmacher, Berufsordnung 112. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 28, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
326. ^ Machine fitter , Berufsordnung 273. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 7, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
327. ^ Pflasterer, Steinsetzer, Berufsordnung 461. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
328. ↑ Estrich-, Terrazzoleger, Berufsordnung 486. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
329. ^ Welders, flame cutter, professional code 241. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on December 4, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
330. ↑ Machine, electrical, shooting, professional code 072. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
331. ^ Works fitters , repair fitters, professional code 274. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 3, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
332. ↑ Stahlbauschlosser, Eisenschiffbauer, Berufsordnung 275. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 30, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
333. ^ Agricultural machinery repairers, Berufsordnung 282. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on May 20, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
334. ↑ miners, Professional Code 071. (Not available online.) In: Occupations as reflected by statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
335. ↑ Pipe installers, Berufsordnung 262. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
336. ^ Scaffold builders, Berufsordnung 453. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on May 8, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
337. ^ Road builders, Berufsordnung 462. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
338. ^ Tiler, Berufsordnung 483. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
339. ↑ Maurer, Berufsordnung 441. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 16, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
340. ↑ Betonbauer, Berufsordnung 442. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on November 2, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
341. ^ Roofers, Berufsordnung 452. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on January 20, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
342. ^ Gleisbauer, Berufsordnung 463. (No longer available online.) In: Berufe im Spiegel der Statistik. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
343. ↑ Pipe network builder, pipe fitter, Berufsordnung 263. (No longer available online.) In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. IAB , 2010, archived from the original on February 23, 2016 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 . 
344. ↑ Other civil engineering, professional order 466. In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. Institute for Employment Research (IAB), 2019, accessed on December 17, 2019 . 
345. ↑ Professional code 545: Earthmoving machine operators, also: excavator operators; Federal territory total. In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. Institute for Employment Research (IAB), 2019, accessed on December 17, 2019 . 
346. ↑ Professional code 546: Construction machinery operators. In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. Institute for Employment Research (IAB), 2019, accessed on December 17, 2019 . 
347. ^ Beautician. Public Employment Service , 2010, accessed on November 16, 2011 : "The figures given also include the number of apprentices for the previous apprenticeship" Beauty care worker (beautician) "!" 
348. ↑ Podiatrist. Public Employment Service , 2010, accessed November 16, 2011 . 
349. ↑ Druggist. Public Employment Service , 2010, accessed November 16, 2011 . 
350. ↑ Flower arranger and dealer (florist). (No longer available online.) Public Employment Service , 2010, archived from the original on September 21, 2013 ; Retrieved November 16, 2011 . 
351. ↑ Pharmaceutical-commercial assistant. Public Employment Service , 2010, accessed November 16, 2011 . 
352. ↑ Legal office assistant. Public Employment Service , 2010, accessed November 16, 2011 . 
353. ↑ Hairdresser and wig maker (stylist). Public Employment Service , 2010, accessed November 13, 2011 . 
354. ↑ ^{a b c} The 10 most common apprenticeships for girls in 2010. (PDF) Austrian Chamber of Commerce , 2010, accessed on November 13, 2011 (The three most popular apprenticeships): “Girls still prefer typical“ women's jobs ”. Almost half of all female apprentices attend training in the retail trade, followed by office clerks and hairdressers. " 
355. ↑ Yearbook of Health Statistics 2008 (PDF; 6.2MB) Statistics Austria , 2009, p. 70 , accessed on December 23, 2015 . 
356. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa} Heavy Labor Ordinance, Federal Law Gazette II No. 104/2006. RIS , January 1, 2007, accessed November 16, 2011 . 
357. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa} hard work complete list. (Flipbook) Austrian Social Insurance , November 2014, accessed on December 4, 2015 . 
358. ↑ Travel agent assistant. Public Employment Service , 2010, accessed November 16, 2011 . 
359. ↑ Office clerk. Public Employment Service , 2010, accessed November 13, 2011 . 
360. ↑ Administrative assistant. Public Employment Service , 2010, accessed November 16, 2011 . 
361. ↑ Accountant. (No longer available online.) Public Employment Service , 2010, archived from the original on January 17, 2013 ; Retrieved November 16, 2011 . 
362. ↑ Industrial clerk. Public Employment Service , 2010, accessed November 16, 2011 . 
363. ↑ Professional photographer. Public Employment Service , 2010, accessed on November 24, 2011 : "The figures quoted also include the number of apprentices for the previous apprenticeship as" photographer "!" 
364. ↑ Retail salesman. (No longer available online.) Public Employment Service , 2010, archived from the original on June 26, 2015 ; Retrieved on November 13, 2011 : "The values ​​listed also include the apprenticeship numbers for the previous apprenticeships" retail salesman "," retail salesman - specialization in meat trade "," garden center salesman "and" sporting goods fitter "!" Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
365. ↑ Optician. Public Employment Service , 2010, accessed on November 24, 2011 : "The figures quoted also include the number of apprentices for the previous apprenticeship" optician "!" 
366. ↑ Confectioner (confectioner). Public Employment Service , 2010, accessed November 16, 2011 . 
367. ↑ Restaurant specialist. Public Employment Service , 2010, accessed November 16, 2011 . 
368. ↑ Real estate agent. Public Employment Service , 2010, accessed November 16, 2011 . 
369. ↑ System catering specialist. Public Employment Service , 2010, accessed November 16, 2011 . 
370. ↑ Bank clerk. Public Employment Service , 2010, accessed November 16, 2011 . 
371. ↑ Gastronomy specialist. Public Employment Service , 2010, accessed November 16, 2011 . 
372. ↑ Insurance salesman. Public Employment Service , 2010, accessed November 16, 2011 . 
373. ↑ Wholesale merchant. Public Employment Service , 2010, accessed November 16, 2011 . 
374. ↑ Cook. Public Employment Service , 2010, accessed November 16, 2011 . 
375. ↑ Baker. Public Employment Service , 2010, accessed November 16, 2011 . 
376. ↑ Monument, facade and building cleaner. (No longer available online.) Public Employment Service , 2010, archived from the original on September 22, 2013 ; Retrieved November 16, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
377. ↑ Garden and green space designer. Public Employment Service , 2010, accessed November 16, 2011 . 
378. ↑ IT clerk. Public Employment Service , 2010, accessed November 16, 2011 . 
379. ↑ Overview: painter and house painter. (No longer available online.) Public Employment Service , 2010, archived from the original on November 25, 2014 ; accessed on December 17, 2019 . 
380. ↑ Chimney sweeper. Public Employment Service , 2010, accessed November 13, 2011 . 
381. ↑ Electronics technician (with MODULES). Public Employment Service , 2010, accessed on November 13, 2011 : "The figures listed also include the number of apprentices for the 6 previous apprenticeships" Electronics technician "(formerly" Electromechanical engineer for low current ")," Electronics technician - focus on applied electronics "," Electronics technician - focus on microelectronics "(formerly" microtechnician ")," communications engineer - audio and video electronics "," communications engineer - IT and telecommunications "and" communications engineer - communications electronics "included!" 
382. ↑ Production technician . (No longer available online.) Public Employment Service , 2010, archived from the original on January 19, 2013 ; Retrieved November 16, 2011 . 
383. ↑ Glass construction technician. Public Employment Service , 2010, accessed on November 24, 2011 : "The figures listed also include the number of apprentices for the previous apprenticeship" glazier "!" 
384. ↑ Informationstechnolog (e) in - Informatik. Public Employment Service , 2010, accessed on November 16, 2011 : "The figures given also include the number of apprentices for the previous apprenticeship as" IT specialist "!" 
385. ↑ Carpenter. Public Employment Service , 2010, accessed November 16, 2011 . 
386. ↑ Mechatronics technician. (No longer available online.) Public Employment Service , archived from the original on September 22, 2013 ; Retrieved November 16, 2011 . 
387. ↑ Electrical machine technician . (No longer available online.) Public Employment Service , 2010, archived from the original on January 17, 2013 ; Retrieved on November 16, 2011 : "The values ​​listed also include the number of apprentices for the previous apprenticeship as" electrical mechanic and machine builder "!" Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
388. ↑ Metal technician (with MODULES). Public Employment Service , 2010, accessed November 16, 2011 . 
389. ↑ Meat processor. Public Employment Service , 2010, accessed on November 16, 2011 : "The figures listed also include the number of apprentices for the previous apprenticeship" butcher "!" 
390. ↑ IT system technician. (No longer available online.) Public Employment Service , 2010, archived from the original on April 13, 2012 ; Retrieved November 16, 2011 . 
391. ↑ HafnerIn. Public Employment Service , 2010, accessed November 24, 2011 . 
392. ↑ Electrical engineer (with MODULES). Public Employment Service , 2010, accessed on November 13, 2011 : "The figures given also include the number of apprentices for the previous apprenticeships" plant electrician "," electrical plant technician "," electrical plant technician "," electrical energy technician "," electrical installation technician "and" process control technician "." 
393. ↑ ^{a b c} The 10 most popular apprenticeships among boys 2010. (PDF; 709 kB) Austrian Chamber of Commerce , 2010, accessed on November 13, 2011 (The three most popular apprenticeships): “The three most popular apprenticeships among boys are electrical engineering with 9,062 followed by Automotive technology with 7,813 and installation and building technology with 5,215 male apprentices. " 
394. ↑ Body construction technician . Public Employment Service , 2010, accessed on November 16, 2011 : "The figures quoted also include the number of apprentices for the previous apprenticeship" body coach "!" 
395. ↑ Automotive technician (with MODULES). Public Employment Service , 2010, accessed on November 13, 2011 : "The values ​​listed also include the number of apprentices for the previous apprenticeships" automotive technician "(old form without modules) and" automotive mechanic "and" automotive electrician "!" 
396. ↑ Paving and tiler. Public Employment Service , 2010, accessed November 16, 2011 . 
397. ↑ Prefabricated house builder. Public Employment Service , 2010, accessed November 24, 2011 . 
398. ↑ Installation and building technician (with MODULES). Arbeitsmarktservice , 2010, accessed on November 13, 2011 : "The figures given include the apprenticeship numbers for the previous apprenticeships" plumbing and air conditioning technician - gas and water installation "," plumbing and air conditioning technician - heating installation "and" plumbing and air conditioning technician - Ventilation installation "NOT included!" 
399. ↑ Civil engineer. Public Employment Service , 2010, accessed November 16, 2011 . 
400. ↑ Plumber. Public Employment Service , 2010, accessed November 13, 2011 . 
401. ↑ Refrigeration system technician. Public Employment Service , 2010, accessed November 16, 2011 . 
402. ↑ Roofer. Public Employment Service , 2010, accessed November 16, 2011 . 
403. ↑ Carpenter. Public Employment Service , 2010, accessed November 16, 2011 . 
404. ↑ Road maintenance specialist. Public Employment Service , 2010, accessed November 16, 2011 . 
405. ↑ Mason. Public Employment Service , 2010, accessed November 13, 2011 . 
406. ↑ Formwork builder. Arbeitsmarktservice , 2010, accessed on November 16, 2011 : "Older job title (s): BetonbauerIn" 
407. ↑ Plasterer . Public Employment Service , 2010, accessed November 16, 2011 . 
408. ↑ Table 1c - Final exams and apprenticeship contracts according to training field and occupation. (Excel file; 500 kB) (No longer available online.) In: Statistics of basic vocational training 2010. Federal Statistical Office , 2010, formerly in the original ; Retrieved January 26, 2012 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.    
409. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Number of judges, public prosecutors, public prosecutors and representatives of the public interest in the administration of justice in the Federal Republic of Germany on December 31, 2018. (PDF) Federal Office of Justice , October 2019, p. 1 , accessed on November 21, 2019 . 
410. ↑ Proportion of female lawyers since 1970, on 1.1. of the year. (PDF) Federal Bar Association , January 2019, p. 1 , accessed on September 18, 2019 . 
411. ↑ ^{a b} Dr. Birgit Tschütscher: List 18: Evaluation according to gender and occupational group. (PDF) In: Further training for judges and public prosecutors in Austria. BMJ , September 2011, p. 37 , accessed on November 28, 2011 . 
412. ↑ 2009 Representation of United States State Court Women Judges. National Association of Women Judges, 2009, accessed February 3, 2019 . 
413. ^ Weischenberg, Scholl, Malik: Central results of the representative study "Journalism in Germany II". (PDF; 140kB) (No longer available online.) Universität Hamburg , 2005, p. 2 , archived from the original on July 3, 2012 ; Retrieved December 13, 2011 . 
414. ↑ Andy Kaltenbrunner, Matthias Karmasin, Daniela Kraus, Astrid Zimmermann: Austria's media and their makers. An empirical survey . In: The Journalists Report . Part I. Facultas Verlags- und Buchhandels AG, Vienna 2007, ISBN 978-3-7089-0106-0 , p. 115 ( PDF; 457 kB [accessed June 1, 2013]).
415. ↑ Per quota shares of female power in leading German media
416. ↑ Regional newspapers per quota
417. ↑ Dorothy Ngila, Nelius Boshoff, Frances Henry, Roseanne Diab, Shirley Malcom, Jennifer Thomson: Women's representation in national science academies: An unsettling narrative . In: South African Journal of Science . Volume 113, No. 7/8, 2017 (English). doi: 10.17159 / sajs.2017 / 20170050
418. ↑ Der Bund: What Iran has ahead of the University of Bern.
419. ↑ Femtech: Equal Opportunities in R&D - Current Data at a Glance ( Memento of January 11, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 127 kB)
420. ↑ Federal Statistical Office: Press release No. 235 from July 6, 2010: The proportion of women in professorships continues to rise to over 18%
421. ↑ Scenarios for the education system - analysis of scenarios 2011-2020 for universities - teaching staff: most important results ( memento of January 11, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), Federal Statistical Office
422. ↑ ^{a b} Eurostat database. Eurostat , October 1, 2011, accessed on March 28, 2012 (desired "Select data" and select "Update" → "View table" → "Download", data will then be displayed in full in an export table).