Pavers
Pflasterer , Swiss Pflästerer also Steinsetzer , plaster coasters or stone Leger is a training occupation of the building industry or the garden and landscape construction , the laying of the pavement in technically or industrially make Construction comprises or companies in the gardening and landscaping. In Switzerland today, the job is mostly intended as basic vocational training .
The profession is a classic male domain . In 2010, the proportion of women in training and professional practice in the DACH countries was no more than 1.4%.
job profile
The paver produces paving for all types of traffic areas . These include, for example, streets and paths as well as squares . Furthermore, he builds edgings such as shelves and gutters. To do this, he uses paving stones and tiles made of natural and artificial stones . In addition to the laying work itself (level and according to plan, sanding / grouting, final cleaning), the work also includes transferring the laying plan to the paving plan and creating the base layer (concrete substrates, frost protection gravel, laying sand, laying drainage and soil compaction). Stone stairs and troughs are also moved by the paver and, like embankment pavement and wild pavement in the river construction , and repair and maintenance work is carried out. Setting up and securing the construction site is also his area of responsibility.
In addition to knowledge of the use of stone , concrete and aggregate , the production of mortar and the use of basic hand tools in the building trade: shovel , hoe / staple , small and large stone hammer, straightening hammer ( boss hammer , a special hammer for carving the stones), chisel , trowel , cement mixer , but also measuring devices such as visor cross , spirit level , measuring tape , folding rule , a guideline , as well as the special tool of the paver, the Pflastererhammer (offset hammer, a mallet), and the patch pliers . In addition, numerous special machines like today come tandem vibratory rollers , pneumatic drills , Verlegmaschinen , shock tools , vibration plate , sponge Shine , concrete cutting machines , road roller and backhoe used to their operation mostly professional development is possible. But also knowledge in the tradition of the stone laying trade, and the variety of installation methods and the numerous installation patterns characterize the qualification.
Like many construction jobs, this job is physically demanding and exposed to weather conditions and mostly seasonal work . Despite the effort, the job also requires patience and accuracy, care with often high-quality stone material as well as the ability to work in a team and caution when working with colleagues and other skilled and auxiliary workers of the construction team. The occupational field includes jobs in commercial enterprises (construction companies, civil engineering companies), road construction companies with paving authorization and motorway and road maintenance services . The work usually takes place in specialized small businesses and in metropolitan areas, where the public space is more diverse . Self- employment is also possible.
Job prospects for pavers are relatively favorable due to the maintenance work that is always necessary (e.g. in the renovation of the old town ) and the areas of application that are still irreplaceable for the structuring of the traffic area; Qualified skilled workers who enjoy creative work are particularly in great demand. The profession is practiced almost exclusively by men.
history
Pavements are archaeologically excellent, because they are designed to be stable on site and defy the weather, and are therefore among the most durable human structures. The earliest evidence can be found in Stone Age cult sites , the early masterpieces include boulevards and temple sites of all high cultures, as well as highways such as the Roman roads , historical high mountain crossings or the Inca trails .
Since the development of traffic by car, the demands on the pavement have been high: it must be able to withstand high loads over the long term and still be plan enough not to endanger pedestrians or horses. This is why the pavers craft developed into an independent profession at an early stage. In ancient Greece he is called λιθοστρατής lithostrates or λιθοστρωτής lithostrotes "stone layer ", still as a collective term for pavers and tilers , and relocates the stylobate of the Greek temple. Until the Middle Ages, Latin stood for lapidator (as opposed to lapicida Steinhauer , or lapidārius " stonemason "), as well as silicārius (for silex " pebble , hard stone", compare silicon ), and early on also viārius specifically for " road builder ".
Until the invention of road asphalt ( experiments with rubber were carried out in the 1840s ), for millennia, the pavement was the only way to keep traffic routes free of dust. So the pavementer is French paveur , English paver ( plasterer is a false friend , and not the paver , but the plasterer , compare plastic , plastic ), and pavement , literally "the paved", is now called sidewalk , because it was originally the next to the dusty street was paved pedestrian area from the 19th century. In addition, hydraulic engineering has always been a field of activity, in the areas where dams and dykes were primarily stone-paved against floods and surf, the name dam setter can be found .
The methods of laying pavement were already mature in antiquity, have not changed significantly since then, and their craft tradition has hardly been interrupted. There were minor innovations
- through the use of concrete shaped stones instead of terracotta (Italian distinguishes between lastricare "paving with natural stone" and ammattonare " paving with brick "),
- through cement-bound mortar instead of hydraulic lime (route, pozzolana ),
- through the use of silicones and acrylics instead of bituminous grout and
- through the use of new machines, e.g. B. have replaced the hand ram (also: Jungfer, Pfaffenmütze) and manual pincer.
Otherwise, however, the work methodology is the same today, and plastering is irreplaceable as manual work.
Another (now little used) plaster is the Stöckelboden , a wooden plaster.
In addition to the traffic and hydraulic engineering aspects, paving also includes arts and crafts aspects. These are now increasingly coming back to work in aesthetic design in the upscale construction sector and also in restoration via the common root of the floor mosaic .
Vocational training
In the ISCO 88 (COM) system, the occupation is assigned to the occupation category 7122 bricklayer , building block mason (subgroup building construction and related professions of the main group mineral extraction and construction professions ).
Germany: road builders, gardeners and landscapers
In Germany , the term is historical and is now integrated into the training occupation of road builder or gardener specializing in gardening and landscaping. The paver works as a road builder either in a craft that requires approval or as a construction worker in a company in the construction industry. The paver as a horticulturist and landscaper is not allowed to work in the artisanal road construction because he is not registered in the craft register. The training regulations of the three professions can hardly be distinguished with regard to the paving work, although the training courses are supervised by the Chamber of Crafts or the Chamber of Commerce and Industry or the Chamber of Agriculture and consequently mostly three different state ministries.
Since the collective wages of the artisanal road builder are higher than those of the horticultural and landscaping, the chambers of skilled trades are very careful that horticulturists and landscapers are not active in road construction, which would be an administrative offense threatened with fines as undeclared work .
One specialization in Germany is the job of paving pavers .
Austria: paver
The craft of paving is a teaching profession . The apprenticeship period is three years and takes place in the dual system through vocational schools and relevant companies or road construction companies. The apprentice concludes the training with the final apprenticeship examination as a paver . Career opportunities exist in education as a foreman (section leader), foremen , masters and site manager .
The prerequisite is a completed training at a secondary school and / or a polytechnic school . Vocational schools for pavers are located in Vienna ( vocational school for building trade Wagramer Straße) and Graz ( state vocational school 5 ). Paving workers can acquire a higher educational qualification or higher qualification at the foremen's school for professionals in the field of construction (two years, evening classes) or at higher technical institutes (HTL).
The following apprenticeships are related road maintenance specialist , paving and tiling , civil engineering . The job of construction technician (HTL) is just as similar .
Switzerland: Plasterer EFZ
In Switzerland , EFZ plasterer is a basic occupation and after three years it concludes with the federal certificate of proficiency. A primary school qualification is required . The training takes place at the vocational school Verkehrswegbauer in Sursee (block courses a total of 22 weeks, plus 5 weeks of training in paving in Alpnach ).
Related professions are track construction EFZ, foundation construction EFZ, industrial and sub- floor construction EFZ and road construction EFZ.
literature
- Horst Mentlein: Pavement Atlas . Müller, Cologne 2007, ISBN 978-3-481-02347-8 .
- Jörg Katz, Uli Kreh: Pavement: Art that you trample on . Müller, Cologne 1984, ISBN 978-3-481-14431-9 .
- Entry 2nd plaster . In: JG Krünitz (Ed.): Economic Encyclopedia . 1773-1858. ( online )
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ ISCO 88 (COM) - Occupational Sub-Group 7: Crafts and related occupations. In: warwick.ac.uk. Warwick Institute for Employment Research , accessed November 14, 2017 .
- ↑ Appendix A to Section 1, Paragraph 2 of the Crafts Code: No. 5 - Road builders
- ↑ Nathalie Schlehe: Differentiation from handicrafts - gardening and landscaping or road construction? Leaflet. In: ihk-muenchen.de. IHK for Munich and Upper Bavaria, January 2012, accessed on March 15, 2019 .
- ↑ paver in Berufenet the Federal Employment Agency
- ↑ Plasterer, plasterer. (No longer available online.) In: Berufslexikon. AMS , archived from the original on September 3, 2014 ; Retrieved February 20, 2009 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Plasterer . In: Apprentice Service : Apprenticeships in Austria. BMWFJ , archived from the original on May 17, 2009 ; accessed on February 20, 2009 (left on training regulation II274 / 02 II177 / 05 and examination regulations II274 / 02 (pdf)).
- ↑ Job description plasterer (apprenticeship). In: BIC- BerufsInformationsComputer . WKO Chamber of Commerce Austria , IBW Institute for Economic Research in Business , accessed on February 20, 2009 .
- ↑ Occupation: plasterer EFZ. In: berufsberatung.ch. SDBB , June 1, 2018, accessed September 4, 2019 .
