Building site

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Construction site in building construction

A construction site (in technical literature it is also referred to as a “ work place ”) is a place where a structure is erected, converted or demolished . It consists of the areas for the structure and the areas of the construction site equipment used during the construction period , together called the construction field . In addition, there are the measures for bypassing construction sites for all driving road users and for bypassing construction sites for pedestrians.

Since buildings are usually real estate, they are usually not (like movable objects ) produced in a factory and then transported to the intended location, but rather built (or at least assembled) on site and this location for the duration of the construction Called construction site, d. H. the construction site is at the location of the later building or the renovation or demolition measure. In terms of construction management , the construction site is therefore a temporary production site specifically specified by the client , on which a construction project is carried out with the help of production factors such as workers, machines and building materials. Depending on the construction method, machine technology and manual craftsmanship are used to varying degrees. Construction sites hold particular dangers for the people working there, so that special precautions must be taken with regard to safety and health protection. In addition, all road users are particularly at risk if the construction site facilities are not carried out properly.

Construction sites with large spatial dimensions, so-called large construction sites , can be divided into several construction phases or construction lots . Construction sites are also differentiated according to the type of construction as construction sites z. As in road construction and Restoration and the high and civil engineering .

Workplaces on roads

Construction site in road construction
Construction site in 1856 ( Cologne Cathedral )
Major construction site Palais Quartier
Construction site renovation private house

A distinction is made between fixed (localized) jobs and movable (location-independent) work stations, also work sites are called, and the duration between jobs shorter duration ( days sites ) and jobs longer duration ( duration construction sites ). Short-term jobs that are vacated during the construction-free period include: B.

  • Night construction sites, if the construction activity takes place during the night (generally from evening to morning rush hour traffic),
  • moving jobs, e.g. B. Road maintenance, mowing or tree maintenance work.

Long-term jobs (permanent construction sites) differ according to the daily working hours:

  • At a “Baustelle24” work is carried out around the clock, which among other things requires investments in sufficient lighting.
  • On a daylight construction site, work is carried out throughout the day when natural sunlight illuminates the construction site sufficiently. This is intended to shorten the construction time to completion for road construction projects compared to construction sites with static working time.
  • Construction sites where work is only carried out in one shift during the day.

Construction sites or workplaces that take place in the area of ​​roads require a so-called traffic law order by the responsible authorities according to § 45 of the StVO. The traffic law order is usually to be applied for in connection with a traffic sign plan. Work in the area of ​​validity of the StVO without an order is not permitted (exceptions are emergencies in which immediate protection is necessary in the course of emergency law to prevent damage); The offense of an administrative offense according to the Road Traffic Regulations may exist and thus a fine and / or "points" may be imposed in Flensburg (since May 1, 2014 no points). Deviating from the traffic regulations or verifiable failure to monitor construction site security (regulated, among other things, in ZTV SA) can lead to criminal proceedings, especially in the event of an accident (especially in the case of personal injury).

Railway construction site

A railway construction site is often connected to a speed limit stop on which the speed limit of the train is displayed on a triangular sign pointing with the tip pointing down, to which kilometers per hour (in decadic representation) is limited. It is limited by the construction site symbol A for the beginning and E for the end (for the locomotive or the power car) and usually ends well behind the actual construction site.

Rail construction sites are often carried out using poles of earthed overhead lines when work has to be carried out on or in the vicinity of the overhead lines (e.g. during bridge work). During the night break (01:00 am – 04:00 am), grinding or welding work is often carried out as a night construction site. At least floodlights are required for other work . Work to replace ballast or to replace the railway sleepers is often daylight construction sites.

Line construction site

Special conditions exist when construction work is being carried out on power lines or if such work is being erected because the work can extend over large areas that cannot be fenced off. In order not to interrupt road or rail traffic because of such work as far as possible, grinding frames (mostly made of wood) are erected along the traffic routes over which such work is carried out. Line construction sites often take place in the vicinity of live parts, which requires special care, also because of induced currents. For example, when re-roping overhead line pylons, the cable pulling machine must be set up insulated and secured. There are also line construction sites with live work.

Traffic safety in the road area

Construction site protection in the street area

A construction site must be secured in such a way that there is no danger, damage or unreasonable nuisance for individuals or the general public. This includes demarcation and adequate lighting. If there is a risk of falling materials for pedestrians, the walkway must be roofed. A site fence is not mandatory for small construction sites, but it can be required. On large construction sites, complex security is required due to the required construction site logistics and access control , which also includes the protection of the construction site itself against theft of material and equipment as well as vandalism. Occasionally, it is also accompanied by a relocation of the footpath to the other side of the street and full closure of the own footpath, but then safety routes such as traffic lights or pedestrian crossings must be set up.

At railway construction sites (especially at night construction sites ) a gang warning system is prescribed in the Railway Traffic Regulations (EVO), for daylight construction sites security guards are sufficient if there is a security vehicle, which warn the gang of approaching trains with a pneumatic horn.

Construction sites are to be secured with barriers and bottleneck signaling and adequate lighting even when they are not being used in order to avoid a traffic accident in advance.

Legal regulations

Basically, the civil code (BGB) applies to the traffic safety obligation : "Anyone who [...] negligently injures the life, body, health, freedom [...] of another person is obliged to compensate the other person for the resulting damage." There is also no criminal law freedom in responsibility for traffic safety in connection with construction site facilities. With the entry into force of the Vienna Road Traffic Convention, the Federal Republic of Germany committed itself to a. "To forbid that no devices or devices are installed on sidewalks and hard shoulder that unnecessarily impair pedestrian traffic, especially elderly and disabled people."

As legal ordinances introduced by the Federal Ministry of Transport, the Road Traffic Regulations (Germany) and the General Administrative Regulations for Road Traffic Regulations (VwV-StVO) contain not only general traffic regulations but also requirements that must be applied to building site safety . According to this, “restrictions and bans on flowing traffic only” are allowed under very specific criteria. This regulation affects all modes of transport . "The road safety of all road users has priority over the flow of traffic."

According to the guidelines for the safety of workplaces on roads (RSA), pedestrian traffic must be “given special care.” For example, “the safety of pedestrians and cyclists in the area of ​​workplaces must not be impaired. On the visually impaired (blind), wheelchairs and children special consideration is to be taken. Footpaths and cycle paths are to be continued if possible, possibly via emergency routes [...]. If this is not possible, the installation of crossing aids (e.g. pedestrian crossings ) must be checked and, if necessary, arranged. "

In addition, the Equal Opportunities for People with Disabilities Act (BGG) came into force in spring 2002 , which also regulates the creation of barrier-free accessibility in the construction and transport sectors. In 2008 the Federal Republic of Germany ratified the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities with the same objective. Due to this legal situation, barrier-free mobility must also be ensured in construction site areas.

The construction site facilities often do not meet these requirements in practice, and the implementation regulations have not yet been adapted to the current quality standards for all requirements.

Ensure traffic safety

Sign 123: "Construction site"; Traffic signs of the road traffic order in Germany; in the version introduced in 1956

Most building regulations stipulate that the construction site is to be marked in accordance with the signage plan with a construction site sign , traffic cones and other advance warning devices . It shows that the building project has been approved .

Large-scale construction measures along federal trunk roads are announced with the help of the "construction site information sign". The sign provides information about the construction project, the construction period and the authorities involved and who are the most important parties involved in the construction (architect including subcontractors and building contractors ).

The requirements for proper and roadworthy construction site equipment, which are mainly formulated in the guidelines for securing workplaces on roads (RSA), are very diverse and can only be presented here as examples: The information on the necessary width of sidewalks is currently particularly problematic because the requirements the accessibility of at least 2.00 meters in practice can hardly be observed. The construction site guidelines are currently still beyond the "state of the art" and even allow a common footpath and cycle path (without oncoming traffic) of 0.80 meters. Restrictions on areas for moving traffic, e.g. B. by speed reductions are not yet provided. Side protection is essential for road safety. So are z. B. Simple beacons for guiding motorized traffic, but not permitted on sidewalks, and mobile fall protection devices may only be used here “for workplaces of shorter duration in the area of ​​shafts or similarly small openings”. The height of the barrier panels depends on the excavation depth of the adjacent work site and, for the visually impaired, additional tactile strips are usually to be attached.

Responsibilities for proper protection

"Every - even small - job in the public traffic area requires a traffic law order before it can be set up ." In particular, the "traffic safety measures for jobs of shorter duration [...] particularly critical and sensitive" must be assessed.

The road traffic authority is always entitled to order the corresponding measures for all workplaces that are used to maintain roads or to prevent extraordinary damage in public road space, as well as for securing public or private construction sites that affect the handling of road traffic . However, you must hear the police before making a decision.

A review of the correct implementation of the measure before the commissioning of a construction site by the ordering authority is necessary for construction site bypasses, but not for construction site bypasses, but always when setting up a traffic light system , when diverting a priority road or changing the right of way.

Citizens should contact the road traffic authority if they suspect or know of non-compliance with the regulations of the guidelines for securing workplaces on roads (RSA). These are the so-called "lower administrative authorities" or the authorities to which the task of the road traffic authority has been assigned according to state law. In the event of “ imminent danger ”, the police must be informed and, if necessary, made aware of their responsibility. "In the police force, every police officer is authorized to take provisional measures in place of the competent authority in accordance with Section 44 (2) sentence 2 of the StVO."

Vernacular

The actual implementation of a work is also referred to as a construction site; In a figurative sense, construction site refers to an unfinished state in which one has not yet achieved a satisfactory result despite (strong) efforts (“My life is a construction site”). Similarly, empty are Internet domains or - Pages from the side holders like marked as "construction site" to the intention to emphasize to provide something soon on its side. In this sense, the permanent construction site also exists .

Norms and standards

The following laws, ordinances and technical rules may have to be observed:

See also

literature

  • The obligation to order emergency construction measures. In: Traffic Service. 7/99 ( sicherestrassen.de ).
  • DIN VDE 0100-704 (VDE 0100-704): 2007-10 Erection of low-voltage systems - Part 7-704: Requirements for production sites, rooms and special types of systems - construction sites (IEC 60364-7-704: 2005, modified); German takeover HD 60364-7-704: 2007 + Cor. 1: 2007. VDE publishing house, Berlin.
  • Ewald Weichenmeier: Electric current at construction and assembly sites - dangers, protective measures. In: Civil engineering. 1/2007, pp. 30–41, knowledge portal of the TU Dresden ( baumaschine.de PDF).
  • Bernd Herzog-Schlagk: bypassing construction sites, handout for securing footpaths and crossings in the area of ​​workplaces. FUSS eV, Berlin 2013.

Web links

Commons : Construction sites  - collection of images
Wiktionary: construction site  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Wormuth Schneider: Building encyclopedia . Bauwerk Verlag, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-89932-159-3 , p. 31 .
  2. ↑ Ramsauer calls for more daylight construction sites . Retrieved December 2, 2010.
  3. ↑ stbawm.bayern.de ( Memento from September 11, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  4. ↑ German Civil Code BGB, § 823.
  5. ^ Vienna Road Traffic Convention or Vienna Convention on Road Traffic, resolution November 8, 1968, amendment status September 3, 1993, Art. 4 traffic signs, paragraph d) iii
  6. ↑ Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development (Ed.): Road Traffic Regulations StVO, in the version of March 6, 2013, § 45, (9), 2nd sentence
  7. ↑ Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development (Ed.): General administrative regulation for road traffic regulations (VwV-StVO) in the version of July 17, 2009 to §§ 39 to 43 General information on traffic signs and traffic facilities, item I., number 2. (Paragraph 4).
  8. ↑ Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Housing BMVBS: Guidelines for Securing Workplaces on Roads RSA, 1995/2009 edition (4th revised edition 2001 with additional editorial information on the StVO and VwV-StVO from September 2009). Bonn 2009, part B., point 2.2, paragraph 5
  9. ↑ Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Housing BMVBS: Guidelines for Securing Workplaces on Roads RSA, 1995/2009 edition (4th revised edition 2001 with additional editorial information on the StVO and VwV-StVO from September 2009). Bonn 2009, part B., point 2.4.0 paragraph 1.
  10. ↑ § 8 of the Disability Equality Act
  11. ↑ UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Act on the United Nations Convention of December 13, 2006 on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and on the Optional Protocol of December 13, 2006 on the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities ( BGBl. 2008 II P. 1419 ).
  12. ↑ Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Housing BMVBS: Guidelines for Securing Workplaces on Roads RSA, 1995/2009 edition (4th revised edition 2001 with additional editorial information on the StVO and VwV-StVO from September 2009). Bonn 2009.
  13. ↑ Herzog-Schlagk, Bernd: Construction site bypasses, handout for securing footpaths and crossings in the area of ​​workplaces, paragraph 6: Adapt construction site regulations to the current state of the art, p. 24 f. FUSS eV (Ed.), Berlin 2013.
  14. ↑ Research Society for Roads and Transport, Road Design Working Group (Ed.): Instructions for barrier-free traffic systems HBVA (W1), 2011 edition, Cologne 2011, 3.3.1, Figure 28.
  15. ↑ Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Housing BMVBS: Guidelines for Securing Workplaces on Roads RSA, 1995/2009 edition (4th revised edition 2001 with additional editorial information on the StVO and VwV-StVO from September 2009). Bonn 2009, part B., point 2.4.1. Paragraph 1.
  16. ↑ Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Housing BMVBS: Guidelines for Securing Workplaces on Roads RSA, 1995/2009 edition (4th revised edition 2001 with additional editorial information on the StVO and VwV-StVO from September 2009). Bonn 2009, part B., point 2.4.0. Paragraph 6.
  17. ↑ Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Housing BMVBS: Guidelines for Securing Workplaces on Roads RSA, 1995/2009 edition (4th revised edition 2001 with additional editorial information on the StVO and VwV-StVO from September 2009). Bonn 2009, part B., point 3.2, paragraph 2.
  18. ↑ Wolfgang Schulte: More safety and quality at workplaces ..., in: Straßenverkehrstechnik 8.2013, p. 527.
  19. ↑ Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development (Ed.): Road Traffic Regulations StVO, in the version of March 6, 2013, § 45 (2).
  20. ↑ Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development (Ed.): Road Traffic Regulations StVO, in the version of March 6, 2013, § 45 (1), sentences 1 and 2, No. 1.
  21. ↑ Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development (Ed.): General administrative regulation for road traffic regulations (VwV-StVO) in the version of July 17, 2009, to § 45 (1) to (1f), No. I.
  22. ↑ Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Housing BMVBS: Guidelines for Securing Workplaces on Roads RSA, 1995/2009 edition (4th revised edition 2001 with additional editorial information on the StVO and VwV-StVO from September 2009). Bonn 2009, part A., point 1.6.1, paragraphs 1 and 2.
  23. ↑ Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development (Ed.): Road Traffic Regulations StVO, in the version of March 6, 2013, § 45 (1), No. 1.
  24. ↑ Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Housing BMVBS: Guidelines for Securing Workplaces on Roads RSA, 1995/2009 edition (4th revised edition 2001 with additional editorial information on the StVO and VwV-StVO from September 2009). Bonn 2009, part A., point 1.6.2, paragraph 6.