Louis Blanc
Jean-Joseph-Charles-Louis Blanc (born October 29, 1811 in Madrid , † December 6, 1882 in Cannes ) was a French utopian socialist and founder of social democracy .
He sought to mitigate the effects of capitalism (such as unemployment ) by reforming the economy based on the political hegemony of the working class . His main work Organization of Work (L'organization du travail), published in 1839, is still of importance today when it first pronounced a right to work as a civil or human right.
Life
Blanc's father was an official in the Spanish Ministry of Finance at the time of King Joseph Bonaparte of Spain . After the fall of Napoleon I, the family became impoverished.
Blanc received his school education from 1821 to 1830 at the grammar school in Rodez . He then moved to Paris to work as a journalist. After this attempt failed, however, he initially took a position as a tutor with a large industrialist based in Arras. From 1834 he worked again in Paris as a journalist and writer. From 1839 to 1842 Blanc was editor-in-chief and publisher of the Revue du Progrès politique, social et litteraire . In the same functions he worked from 1841 to 1848 at the Revue indépendente and from 1843 also worked for La Réforme .
During the February Revolution of 1848 he became Chairman of the Workers' Parliament and Minister of Labor; but his attempts at reform (buying up mines and railways, centralizing the insurance industry, founding cooperatives , abolishing market-regulated prices, so-called national workshops for employing the unemployed) were largely unsuccessful. The price control for certain staple foods , which is still partly common in France today, goes back to his ideas on price maintenance . After the revolution of 1848 was put down, he had to go into exile until 1870, first in Belgium and later in England. He spent his last years partly as a member of the National Assembly , in which he belonged to the far left , but spoke out against the Paris Commune . During this time he was considered a political mentor for the then young MPs Jean Jaurès and Georges Clemenceau .
Works
- Organization du travail (1839), Bureau de la Société de l'Industrie Fraternelle, Paris, 1847, 5th edition
- Histoire de dix ans, 1830–1840 , Pagnerre, Paris, 1842, 2nd edition, Google Book
- Histoire de la révolution française , Lacroix, Paris, 1878, 2nd edition, 15 volumes
- with Jacques Crétineau-Joly: La contre-révolution, partisans, vendéens, chouans, émigrés 1794–1800
- Lettres sur l'Angleterre (1866–1867)
- Dix années de l'Histoire de l'Angleterre (1879–1881)
- Questions d'aujourd'hui et de demain (1873-1884) .
literature
- Arno Münster: The subject of revolt in the work of Jules Vallès . A contribution to the sociology of commune literature (= Freiburg writings on Romance philology , Volume 25). Fink, Munich 1974, pp. 38-40, DNB 750134119
- Johannes Glasneck : Louis Blanc . In: Heinz Tillmann u. a. (Ed.) Biographies on world history . Dictionary. VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin 1989, ISBN 3-326-00218-1 ; Federal German license edition: Pahl-Rugenstein, Cologne 1989, ISBN 3-7609-1185-4 , p. 87.
- Blanc, 2) Jean Joseph Louis . In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 4th edition. Volume 2, Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1885–1892, p. 1001.
- Blanc, Louis . In: Encyclopædia Britannica . 11th edition. tape 4 : Bishārīn - Calgary . London 1910, p. 39 (English, full text [ Wikisource ]).
Web links
- Literature by and about Louis Blanc in the catalog of the German National Library
- Works by and about Louis Blanc in the German Digital Library
- Biography of Louis Blanc on Encyclopedia of 1848 Revolutions (English)
- Treatise on Louis Blanc on Internet Modern History Sourcebook (English)
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Blanc, Louis |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Blanc, Jean-Joseph-Charles-Louis (full name) |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French socialist |
DATE OF BIRTH | October 29, 1811 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Madrid |
DATE OF DEATH | December 6, 1882 |
Place of death | Cannes |