Building surveying

Measuring chain and angle cross : After Carolus Stephanus and Johannes Liebhaltus, Strasbourg 1579.

The tasks of construction surveying are the responsibility of a consulted or employed geodesist for large construction sites , and a civil engineer or the site manager or site manager for smaller construction projects . Smaller stakeout usually takes the polishing before.

The construction survey usually includes work in the following order:

• Creation of a surveying network around the construction site
• Construction site equipment: v..a. Mark the building lines and the height reference
• Staking out the basement and important building corners, batter boards
• Construction inspection and final measurement.

Creation of the surveying network

• For large projects (motorway, long bridges, power plants, etc.), a preliminary basic survey if the accuracy of the state usage coordinates (a few centimeters over a large area) is insufficient
• For smaller projects, geodetic connection to the surveying network of the state or federal state - with the help of official fixed points and standard orientation procedures
• Surveying work on construction site equipment , especially
  • the local marking of the building line
  • the establishment of the prescribed height level through local height control points .

Setting out the structure

Staking out is the transfer of important lines and heights of the building plan into the terrain or on the property. These points are marketed with paint, measuring mark, nail or peg . The usual order is:

• the staking out of the important building corners
• determining the height of the foundation
• staking out the position and height of other building elements such as sewers , pipelines, garage exit , etc.

Accompanying and concluding work

• Control of the height and the corners of the building by the foreman , e.g. B. by means of building level and locking dimensions
• Measurements for the accompanying construction inspection (generally only for larger projects in civil engineering )
• any control measurements in the event of inquiries from building authorities or neighbors
• Marking out the fence
• Final measurement ( inventory ) for residential complexes or larger projects.

The work in the land register (e.g. a plot of land division or boundary determination) is sometimes required before the application for a building permit and must be carried out by an authorized surveyor - e. B. a civil engineer - are made.

See also

• Construction planning , construction drawing
• Construction site , measurement , measurement line
• As-built plan , line cadastre
• Building theodolite , building level
• geotechn. Settlement measurement

literature

• Heribert Kahmen , surveyor . 18./20. Edition, De Gruyter-Verlag Berlin 1993 and 2005
• Franz Ackerl , Geodesy and Photogrammetry Volume I: Instruments and Methods of Measurement, G.Fromme-Verlag, Vienna 1950.