Malala Yousafzai

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Malala Yousafzai (2013)

Malala Yousafzai [ məˈlala jusəfˈzə͡i ] ( Pashtun ملاله یوسفزۍ, Urdu ملالہ یوسف زئی; * July 12, 1997 ) is a child rights activist from the Swat Valley in Pakistan . On October 10, 2014, she and Kailash Satyarthi were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. She is the youngest recipient in the history of the Nobel Prize and by far the youngest in the history of the Nobel Peace Prize. Yousafzai has been the UN Ambassador for Peace since April 10, 2017 .

family

Malala Yousafzai's parents are Toor Pekai Yousafzai and Ziauddin Yousafzai , a Pakistani education activist who advocates for girls' educational rights, especially for Pakistani girls. He is currently a co-founder and board member of the Malala Fund and author of Let Her Fly . When his daughter Malala was old enough to understand that girls of a certain age were not allowed to go to school, he inspired them to stand up and speak.

Ziauddin Yousafzai's father was the speaker Rohul Amin Yousafzai. He was a theology teacher at a state high school and an imam at the local mosque.

Malala Yousafzai has two brothers.

Surname

Malala Yousafzai was named after the poet and folk heroine Malalai von Maiwand , who led the rebellious Pashtuns against the British troops in the Battle of Maiwand in 1880. The name means something like "sorrowful" or "suffering". Her surname Yousafzai is common in the Swat Valley and indicates that she belongs to the Yousaf tribe . This tribal name is a pronunciation variant from Pashto and Urdu on the border between Afghanistan and Pakistan for the Arabic name Yusuf ( Josef ). The ending -zai is typical for the individual Pashtun clans in both Afghanistan and Pakistan.

Internet diary

Since January 3, 2009, when she was eleven years old, Yousafzai reported about hers in a blog diary in Urdu on a BBC website under the pseudonym "Gul Makai" (name of the heroine of a Pashtun fairy tale, means "cornflower") Feelings and fears due to the violence in the Swat Valley, as well as their everyday life under the rule of the Pakistani Taliban . This terrorist organization had gained influence in the Swat Valley since 2004 and in 2007 began destroying schools for girls and murdering opposing Pakistani people. The girls were forbidden from attending school, listening to music, dancing, and entering public spaces without a veil. In December 2008, Hai Kakar, a reporter for the BBC and a friend of Yousafzai's father, got the idea to let an affected student report and approached his friend, who was the head of a private school, who eventually suggested his daughter Malala. She was inspired by the diary of Anne Frank, which Kakar told her about. Her blog quickly gained prominence in Pakistan and was eventually translated into English. In 2011, her pseudonym was revealed when she was nominated for the International Children's Peace Prize. She did not receive the award at the time, whereupon the government of Pakistan founded an annual National Youth Peace Prize , which was awarded to her and named after her in December 2011.

attack

On October 9, 2012, some Taliban stopped their school bus on the way home and asked for Yousafzai. A Taliban shot them at close range with a Colt 45. She was seriously injured by gunfire in the head and neck. The assassins also injured some of their classmates. Yousafzai had to undergo surgery in a military hospital in Peshawar .

According to a letter of confession from the Taliban, the attack was caused by the girl's commitment to educating the female population. In order to arrest the perpetrators with the help of the population, the Pakistani government offered a premium of 10 million rupees (about 74,000 euros). On April 30, 2015, the shooter and nine other accused of complicity who were caught in September 2014 were sentenced to life imprisonment in Pakistan. However, on June 5, 2015, it became known that 8 of the 10 Taliban arrested for the assassination attempt had not been convicted and are no longer in custody for lack of evidence. Only two of the attackers, including the shooter, had been sentenced to 25 years in prison, which according to Pakistani law amounts to life imprisonment.

Medical treatment

Three days after the attack, Yousafzai was relocated from the provincial capital Peshawar to Rawalpindi in the metropolitan area of the state capital Islamabad . His life was still in danger . Another three days later she was flown to Great Britain and transferred to Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Birmingham , where otherwise wounded British soldiers are treated, to a unit that had only recently opened and specialized in gun injuries and head wounds.

Because of a tracheotomy , Malala Yousafzai was initially only able to communicate in writing with the hospital staff. The projectile that injured her in the attack had penetrated above her left eye and destroyed parts of the temporal bone and the upper jaw in the area of ​​the lower temple surface and the upper jaw stool and parts of the lower jaw in the area of ​​the inclined line , as a hospital spokesman explained. The bullet (already removed in Pakistan) emerged in the area of ​​the so-called “ masseter roughness” and then entered the left shoulder above the shoulder blade . At the beginning of January 2013, Yousafzai left the hospital for the time being, but in the following weeks he underwent operations to reconstruct the skull and face plastic , during which the part of the facial nerve required for hearing was restored.

Further commitment

Yousafzai (2014)

After living in England for a long time, partly without her family, they moved to Great Britain for at least three years in 2013. Her father was posted to the Pakistani Consulate in Birmingham as an Education Attaché . Yousafzai completed a degree in philosophy, politics and economics at Oxford in 2020.

Former British Prime Minister Gordon Brown , now the UN Special Representative on Global Education, launched a petition in Yousafzai's name "in support of what Malala has fought for". In December 2012, the Malala Fund was founded in cooperation with UNESCO to enforce the right of children to education worldwide. Various initiatives called for Yousafzai to be nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize. Time magazine named her the second most important person of 2012 after Barack Obama . Euronews users voted her “People of the Year” 2012, while CNN users voted her “Most Fascinating Personality of the Year” 2012 after Obama.

On February 7, 2013, Yousafzai was able to leave the hospital in Birmingham. On February 8, it was announced that she had been officially nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize in Oslo. From March 20, she attended Edgbaston High School for Girls in Birmingham. She expressed her wish that all girls in the world should have the opportunity to go to school. She received a contract for her biography with the British publisher Weidenfeld & Nicolson in the amount of two million pounds (around 2.3 million euros).

On July 12, 2013, her 16th birthday, she addressed the UN Youth Assembly. It was her first public speech since the attack. She handed the present UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon the petition for the education of all children with four million signatures. The UN wanted to achieve this goal by the end of 2015. He announced that the UN will celebrate November 10th as "Malala Day".

On September 3, 2013, Yousafzai inaugurated the new Library of Birmingham . On October 10, she was awarded the European Parliament's Sakharov Prize .

Yousafzai during a meeting with US President Barack Obama , Michelle Obama and their daughter Malia in the Oval Office on October 11, 2013

In October 2013 she toured the United States to publish her biography and to promote the Malala Fund. On October 11, she was a guest of US President Barack Obama and his family in the White House . On the one hand, she thanked him for the US aid to Pakistan and the education of girls, but on the other hand criticized Obama's continuation of the drone war : “I also expressed my concern that drone strikes promote terrorism. These acts kill innocent victims and this creates disgust among the people of Pakistan. If we focus our efforts on education again, it will have a big impact. "

The presentation of the biography I am Malala , scheduled for the end of January 2014 in her home country Pakistan, was canceled at short notice by the authorities. The reason given was "safety concerns".

Yousafzai at the 2018 World Economic Forum 48th Annual Meeting

In February 2014, Yousafzai visited the Zaatari camp for Syrian refugees in Jordan and warned of the conditions of a “lost generation” of Syrian children.

Yousafzai was the youngest candidate to date for the Nobel Peace Prize in 2013. The following year she was awarded this jointly with the Indian Kailash Satyarthi .

In response to the decree signed by US President Donald Trump on January 27, 2017 (entitled: "Protecting the Nation from the Entry of Foreign Terrorists into the United States", in which the admission of refugees is suspended for 120 days and after all citizens of the seven Muslim countries Iraq , Iran , Libya , Somalia , Sudan , Syria and Yemen are no longer allowed to enter the USA for at least 90 days ) Malala Yousafzai said that Trump's decree broke her heart. "America turns its back on its proud history."

Celebrity Cruises, an American cruise line, made Yousafzai the godmother of Celebrity Edge, the shipping company's new cruise ship. Celebrity Cruises is known for using strong women as godmothers for their cruise ships.

Awards, honors, prizes

2011

  • National Malala Peace Prize, Pakistan

2012

2013

2014

2015

2017

2018

  • Godmother of the Celebrity Edge cruise ship from Celebrity Cruises

reception

The director Davis Guggenheim made the documentary Malala - Your Right to Education (Original title: He named me Malala ), which was released in 2015. The director asks several times about the role of Yousafzai's father, "whose ambitions for his daughter are evident". Guggenheim's lack of distance from Yousafzai was criticized. Little is learned about the teenager Malala, the girl speaks with a "certain pathos that can be inherent in a young person who has had a traumatic near-death experience - but which is also part of the rhetorical repertoire of political professionals." Films noticed that the girl Malala has become a brand since one of the largest advertising agencies in the world, Edelman , took care of Yousafzai pro bono and assigned five employees.

literature

  • Lara Fritzsche: The curse of good deed. A year ago, Malala Yousafzai received the Nobel Peace Prize - at 17. Now she no longer has just a mission, but also a market value. , in: Süddeutsche Zeitung Magazin , number 40, October 1, 2015, pp. 29–33.
  • Malala Yousafzai, Patricia McCormick: Malala. My story . Fischer KJB, Frankfurt am Main 2014, ISBN 978-3-596-85660-2 .
  • Malala Yousafzai, Christina Lamb: I am Malala: the girl the Taliban wanted to shoot because she is fighting for the right to an education . Droemer Knaur, Munich 2013, ISBN 978-3-426-27629-7 .
  • Malala Yousafzai: I am Malala: The Girl Who Stood Up for Education and Was Shot by the Taliban . Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London 2013, ISBN 978-0-297-87091-3 .
  • Rebecca Rowell: Malala Yousafzai: Education Activist (=  Essential Lives ). Essential Library, 2013, ISBN 978-1-61783-897-2 .

Quotes

Nobel Prize Speech

  • “Although I only appear as a girl, a person who is 1.70 m, if you include my high heels, I am not a lonely voice, I am many. [...] I am these 66 million girls who have been denied education. "
  • “I had two options, one of which was to remain silent and wait to be killed. And the second was to raise your voice and then be killed. I decided on the second. "
  • “Why is it so easy to give weapons but so difficult to give books? Why is it so easy to build tanks but so difficult to build schools? "
  • "Let's build a better future right here, right now."
  • “I am very proud to be the first Pashtun , the first Pakistani and the youngest person to receive this award. [...] I am pretty sure that I will also be the first Nobel Prize winner to fight with her younger brothers. "

Others

Web links

Commons : Malala Yousafzai  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Mairead Corrigan (awarded 1976) and Tawakkol Karman (2011) were each 32 years old
  2. ↑ A Look at the Top 10 Youngest Nobel Laureates , New York Times Online, October 10, 2014 (English).
  3. ↑ Malala Yousafzai is the youngest UN peace ambassador. Spiegel Online, April 11, 2017, accessed on the same day.
  4. ↑ Malala Yousafzai, with Christina Lamb: I am Malala . Droemer, Munich 2013, ISBN 978-3-426-27629-7 , pp. 28 .
  5. ↑ Silke Mülherr: Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Malala: Nobody can stop me . In: The world . October 21, 2015 ( welt.de [accessed May 14, 2020]).
  6. ↑ Malalai or Malala
  7. ↑ Malala Yousafzai, with Christina Lamb: I am Malala . Droemer, Munich 2013, ISBN 978-3-426-27629-7 , pp. 21 .
  8. ↑ Malala Yousafzai Exclusive Interview 10 October 2012. www.pakdiscussion.com, archived from the original on December 12, 2012 ; Retrieved October 20, 2012 (Pashto).
  9. ↑ a b Malala Yousafzai, with Christina Lamb: I am Malala . Droemer, Munich 2013, ISBN 978-3-426-27629-7 , pp. 182 .
  10. ↑ Malala Yousafzai Full Diary For BBC (Gul Makai)
  11. ↑ Malala Yousafzai, with Christina Lamb: I am Malala . Droemer, Munich 2013, ISBN 978-3-426-27629-7 , pp. 181 .
  12. ↑ The Wind Beneath Her Wings: A Look At The Family Behind Malala. Radio Free Europe , November 5, 2013, accessed November 18, 2014 .
  13. ^ National peace prize named after Malala Yousafzai . In: The Express Tribune . Karachi December 21, 2011 ( Online [accessed November 18, 2014]).
  14. ↑ frontpage mag: Taliban Solution to Bad Press: Kill Journalists /
  15. ↑ 14-year-old human rights activist shot down on her way to school. In: Süddeutsche.de. October 9, 2012, accessed October 10, 2012 .
  16. ↑ Taliban attack: 14-year-old remains in intensive care. In: diepresse.com. October 12, 2012, accessed October 12, 2012 .
  17. ↑ Seriously injured Pakistani woman is transferred. In: derstandard.at. October 11, 2012, accessed October 12, 2012 .
  18. ↑ Life imprisonment for Taliban in Pakistan. In: tagesspiegel.de. April 30, 2015, accessed April 30, 2015 .
  19. ↑ Eight out of 10 Malala suspects 'secretly acquitted'. BBC News, June 5, 2015, accessed June 5, 2015 .
  20. ↑ Taliban victim Malala Yousafzai arrived in England. In: orf.at. October 15, 2012, accessed October 15, 2012 .
  21. ↑ a b Malala Yousafzai, schoolgirl shot by Taliban, now in UK. In: bbc.co.uk. October 15, 2012, accessed October 15, 2012 .
  22. ↑ Malala Yousafzai awake, has stood up, doctors say. In: cbsnews.com. October 20, 2012, accessed October 20, 2012 .
  23. ↑ Taliban gun victim Malala recovering after 'successful' five-hour operations to fit skull with titanium plate and have an ear implant. In: Daily Mail . February 4, 2013, accessed October 29, 2014 .
  24. ↑ Father of Taliban victim Malala becomes ambassador
  25. ↑ "Can hardly put my joy and gratitude into words" spiegel.de of June 19, 2020
  26. ^ Petition for nomination
  27. ↑ TIME Person of the Year 2012: US President Barack Obama ( Memento from March 23, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  28. ↑ “People of the Year”: euronews users vote for Malala from Pakistan
  29. ↑ CNN fans name Obama "Most Fascinating Personality of the Year"
  30. ↑ Die Welt, March 20, 2013: Taliban victim Malala is back to school
  31. ↑ http://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/malala-yousafzai-taliban-opfer-erhaelt-millionenschweren-buchvertrag-a-891416.html
  32. ↑ Malala Yousafzai, Christina Lamb: I am Malala: The girl who the Taliban wanted to shoot because she fights for the right to education. Droemer, 2013, pp. 378–384
  33. ↑ Press TV, July 2013: Education can change the world: Malala ( Memento from October 17, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  34. ↑ http://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/malala-yousafzai-taliban-opfer-erhaelt-millionenschweren-buchvertrag-a-891416.html
  35. ↑ Taliban victims open library in Birmingham / Malala (16) had campaigned for girls to get an education . Northwest Newspaper . September 4, 2013. Retrieved September 13, 2013.
  36. ↑ European Parliament: Sakharov Prize: Pakistani activist Malala Yousafzai receives Human Rights Prize 2013 , October 10, 2013; European Parliament: Sakharov Human Rights Prize: Snowden, Yousafzai and Belarusian political prisoners Finalists 2013 , October 1, 2013
  37. ^ Philip Rucker: Malala Yousafzai meets with the Obamas in the Oval Office. In: The Washington Post , October 11, 2013.
  38. ↑ Hasnain Kazim : Malala's book may not appear in her homeland. In: Spiegel Online . January 28, 2014, accessed February 20, 2014 .
  39. ↑ Carol Kuruvilla: Malala Yousafzai meets with Syrian children at Jordan refugee camp. nydailynews.com, February 19, 2014, accessed February 20, 2014 .
  40. ↑ Mick Krever: Malala tells CNN: World risks losing generation of Syrian children. cnn.com, February 18, 2014, accessed February 20, 2014 .
  41. ↑ “Tears roll from the cheeks of the Statue of Liberty” , in: Spiegel Online from January 28, 2017, accessed on January 28, 2017
  42. ↑ “Celebrity Edge Christening by Malala Yousafzai in Fort Lauderdale” , in: Ships and Cruises, December 9, 2018, accessed December 9, 2018
  43. ↑ Malala Yousafzai receives the "Memminger Freiheitspreis 1525" In: memmingen.de , March 14, 2013.
  44. ^ Memming Freedom Prize presented to Malala Yousafzai. In: all-in.de , December 8, 2013.
  45. ↑ Malala receives international peace prize. In: Deutsche Welle , August 27, 2013.
  46. ↑ Prize blessing for Malala continues. In: Deutsche Welle , October 5, 2013.
  47. ^ Congratulations to Malala Yousafzai and Kailash Satyarthi - winners of the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize. In: rawinwar.org (English).
  48. ↑ Child rights activist Malala receives Politkovskaya Prize. In: Swiss Radio and Television , October 5, 2013.
  49. ↑ Pakistani child rights activist Malala received the Politkovskaya Prize. In: Tiroler Tageszeitung , October 5, 2013.
  50. ↑ Friederike Böge: Celebrated by the world, hostile at home. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , October 10, 2013.
  51. ↑ Katharina Peters: Peace activist Malala receives Sakharov Prize. In: Spiegel Online , October 10, 2013.
  52. ↑ Malala Yousafzai is an Honorary Citizen of Canada , Courier , April 13, 2017. The official appointment by Justin Trudeau took place on March 28, 2018. March 29, 2019 , Mitteldeutsche Zeitung
  53. ↑ a b c Andreas Busche: Critique of Malala - Your right to education. , epd-film.de, September 18, 2015, accessed on October 1, 2015.
  54. ↑ Lara Fritzsche: The curse of the good deed. A year ago, Malala Yousafzai received the Nobel Peace Prize - at 17. Now she no longer has just a mission, but also a market value. , in: Süddeutsche Zeitung Magazin , number 40, October 1, 2015, pp. 30–31.
  55. ↑ a b c d Yousafzais Nobel Speech on nobelprize.org
  56. ↑ Malala Yousafzai Nobel Peace Prize Speech on YouTube , December 11, 2014
  57. ↑ Nobel Peace Prize: Malala moves with courageous speech
  58. ↑ Malala: "A child, a teacher, a pen and a book can change the world."
personal data
SURNAME Yousafzai, Malala
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Pakistani blogger and child rights activist
DATE OF BIRTH July 12, 1997
PLACE OF BIRTH Pakistan