Adam Johann von Krusenstern

Adam Johann Baron von Krusenstern (1770–1846)

Adam Johann von Krusenstern ( Russian Иван Фёдорович Крузенштерн: , Scientific. Transliteration Ivan Fedorovic Kruzenstern * 8; ^jul. / 19th November  1770 ^greg. In Haggud at Rappel , Estonia ; † 12 ^jul. / 24. August  1846 ^greg. On Ass Castle near Gilsenhof , Estonia Governorate ) was a German-Baltic admiral of the Russian fleet and carried out the first Russian circumnavigation of the world .

Life

Adam Johann von Krusenstern (around 1808)

Krusenstern was trained in the naval cadet corps in Kronstadt and took part in the war against Sweden between 1787 and 1790 . He served in the British fleet in North America , Africa and Asia from 1793 to 1799 .

From 1803 to 1806 he was head of the Russian circumnavigation expedition . The aim of the expedition was to investigate the areas on the northwest coast of America that were then part of Russia and to establish trade connections with Japan . Krusenstern sailed as captain of the ship Nadezhda on August 7, 1803 from Kronstadt and returned there on August 19, 1806. This first Russian circumnavigation of the world was one of the most fruitful voyages of the 19th century thanks to new discoveries and the precise recording and exploration of previously little-known countries and seas. The expedition explored the Strait of Sangar (today: Tsugaru Strait ), the west coast of the island of Jesso (today: Hokkaidō ), the La Pérouse Strait , the coast of the Sakhalin Island , the Kuriles , the east coast of Kamchatka and the Aleutian Islands . The expedition was accompanied by physician and natural scientist Baron Georg Heinrich von Langsdorff , Otto von Kotzebue and Wilhelm Gottlieb Tilesius von Tilenau (1769–1857), who devoted himself to the study of fish , molluscs and sea ​​birds (after the painter Kurljandzew left, he took over his duties as an expedition draftsman).

Another participant in the circumnavigation was Yuri Fjodorowitsch Lisjanski .

In 1806 Krusenstern was appointed admiral , head of the sea ​​cadet corps in St. Petersburg and an honorary member of the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg . In 1810 he became a corresponding member of the Académie des Sciences in Paris. In 1815 he was elected a foreign member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences . In 1820 he became a member ( Fellow ) of the Royal Society of Edinburgh . From 1827 to 1842 he was director of the naval cadet corps and was appointed general admiral in 1841 . In 1827 he was accepted as a corresponding member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences . On May 31, 1842 he was awarded the Prussian order Pour le Mérite for science and the arts.

Krusenstern's cousins, Christine Gertrude von Krusenstern and Wilhelmine Friederike von Krusenstern, were the second and third wives of the German writer August von Kotzebue .

Krusenstern died on August 12, 1846 at his country estate Ass in Estonia and was buried in the cathedral church in Reval . A memorial was erected to him in front of the Naval Cadet House in Saint Petersburg in 1876.

Krusenstern was married to Julie von Taube . His son Paul Theodor von Krusenstern was known as a polar explorer. His son Otto (1802–1881) was lieutenant general, governor and senator in Saint Petersburg and Julius (1807–1888) was a senator and head of civil administration in the Kingdom of Poland . His eldest daughter married the historian Theodor von Bernhardi and was the mother of Friedrich von Bernhardi .

Krusenstern as namesake

• see Krusenstern

Publications

• Journey around the world 1803-06 . 3 vols., Petersburg 1810–1812, with atlas ( digitized version )
• Contributions to the hydrography of the greater oceans , Leipzig 1819 ( digitized version )
• Atlas de l'océan Pacifique . 2 vol., Petersburg 1824-1827

literature

• Ewert von Krusenstjern: circumnavigator and scientist. Adam Johann von Krusenstern 1770–1846 , Casimir Katz Verlag Gernsbach 1991
• Friedrich Ratzel:  Krusenstern, Adam Johann von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 17, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1883, pp. 270-274.
• Genealogical handbook of the Baltic knighthoods , Estonia, Görlitz 1930 ( digitized version )
• Carola L. Gottzmann , Petra Hörner: Lexicon of the German-language literature of the Baltic States and St. Petersburg . De Gruyter, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-11-019338-1 , p. 772-774 .
• Andreas W. Daum : German Naturalists in the Pacific around 1800. Entanglement, Autonomy, and a Transnational Culture of Expertise . In: Hartmut Berghoff, Frank Biess, Ulrike Strasser (ed.): Exploration and entanglements: Germans in Pacific Worlds from the Early Modern Period to World War I . Berghahn Books, New York 2019, pp. 79-102 (English).
• "Journey around the world" - Adam Johann von Krusenstern on the occasion of his 250th birthday, catalog for the cabinet exhibition, publisher Ostpreußisches Landesmuseum with Baltic German department, 2020

Exhibitions on person

• "Journey around the world" - Adam Johann von Krusenstern on the occasion of his 250th birthday, East Prussian State Museum , Lüneburg September 26, 2020 - January 31, 2021

Web links

Commons : Ivan Fedorovich Kruzenshtern  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Literature by and about Adam Johann von Krusenstern in the catalog of the German National Library
• Heinz Walter:  Krusenstern, Adam Johann von. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 13, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1982, ISBN 3-428-00194-X , p. 151 f. ( Digitized version ).
• Good Haggud (Hagudi)
• Gut Schloss Ass (Kiltsi)
• Article Iwan Fjodorowitsch Krusenstern in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)http: //vorlage_gse.test/1%3D066682~2a%3DIwan%20Fjodorowitsch%20Krusenstern~2b%3DIwan%20Fyodorowitsch%20Krusenstern
• Baltic Historical Commission (ed.): Entry on Adam Johann von Krusenstern. In: BBLD - Baltic Biographical Lexicon digital

Individual evidence

1. ^ Andreas W. Daum: German Naturalists in the Pacific around 1800. Entanglement, Autonomy, and a Transnational Culture of Expertise . In: Hartmut Berghoff , Frank Biess , Ulrike Strasser (Eds.): Explorations and Entanglements: Germans in Pacific Worlds from the Early Modern Period to World War I. New York 2019, p. 85-87, 94 .
2. ^ List of members since 1666: Letter K. Académie des sciences, accessed on January 6, 2020 (French). 
3. ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 140.
4. ^ Fellows Directory. Biographical Index: Former RSE Fellows 1783–2002. (PDF file) Royal Society of Edinburgh, accessed December 28, 2019 . 
5. ↑ Members of the predecessor academies. Ivan Fyodorowitsch von Krusenstern. Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences , accessed on April 18, 2015 . 
6. ↑ The Order Pour le Mérite for Science and the Arts: The Members of the Order , Volume I (1842–1881), page 56, Gebr. Mann-Verlag, Berlin, 1975
7. ↑ Janina Stengel: “Journey around the world”: Adam Johann von Krusenstern exhibition in the East Prussian State Museum. In: Blog Ostpreußisches Landesmuseum. Ostpreußisches Landesmuseum, November 19, 2020, accessed on November 24, 2020 . 
8. ^ East Prussian State Museum: "Journey around the world" - Adam Johann von Krusenstern on his 250th birthday September 26, 2020 - January 31, 2021. In: East Prussian State Museum. East Prussian State Museum, September 24, 2020, accessed on November 24, 2020 .