Novocherkassk

city Novocherkassk Новочеркасск flag coat of arms Federal district Southern Russia Oblast Rostov Urban district Novocherkassk mayor Yuri Lysenko Founded 1805 City since 1805 surface 117  km² population 168,746 inhabitants (as of Oct. 14, 2010) Population density 1442 inhabitants / km² Height of the center 80  m Time zone UTC + 3 Telephone code (+7) 86352 Post Code 346400-346429 License Plate 61, 161 OKATO 60 427 Website www.novochgrad.ru Geographical location Coordinates 47 ° 26 '  N , 40 ° 5'  E Coordinates: 47 ° 26 '0 "  N , 40 ° 5' 0"  E

Location in the western part of Russia

Location in Rostov Oblast

List of cities in Russia

Novocherkassk ( Russian: Новочерка́сск ) is a southern Russian industrial city, about 1000 km south of Moscow and 30 km northeast of Rostov-on-Don on a hill around which the Aksai and Tuslow flow on three sides . Novocherkassk is located on the Moscow – Rostov-on-Don – Sochi railway and on the M 4 highway from Moscow to Novorossiysk . It has 168,746 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010).

history

The city was founded in 1805 and was the capital of the Don Army territory until its dissolution in 1920 . The previous capital of the Don Cossacks , Cherkassk (now known as Starocherkassk , "Old Cherkassk") was often a victim of floods; therefore, the Cossack leader Matwei Platov decided to found a new capital as "New Cherkassk".

Monument to Ataman Yermak in Novocherkassk

In 1882 there were 37,091 inhabitants in the city. It had eleven churches, a boys 'and a girls' grammar school, a theater, insane hospitals, orphanages, foundlings and hospitals, an armory, a memorial to its founder, the ataman (see also Hetman ) Matwei Ivanovich Platov.

Novocherkassk had two important fairs and was a trading center, especially for grain, wine, wood and drugstore goods. The industry, which was previously limited to the manufacture of bricks, flour, ironwork and wine, developed towards the end of the 19th century.

The city was the seat of the freely elected Nakasnoi Ataman , the head of all Don Cossacks , the central government and the highest judicial authority of the Don Cossacks .

Noteworthy are the large anthracite stores on the Grushevka, 30 km to the north and connected to Novocherkassk by rail .

On June 1 and 2, 1962, the Novocherkassk uprising broke out , the most important workers' uprising in the Soviet Union, with 26 dead. This was followed by executions and a large number of long-term prison sentences.

Population development

year	Residents
1882	37.091
1897	51,963
1939	75,917
1959	95,453
1970	162,365
1979	183,055
1989	187.973
2002	170,822
2010	168,746

Note: from 1897 census data

Town twinning

Novotscherkassk has been twin town of Iserlohn in Germany since 1990 and of Simferopol in Crimea since 2008 .

Attractions

The Novocherkassk Cathedral

One of the two triumphal arches in Novocherkassk

At the highest point of the city is the Resurrection Cathedral , built between 1890 and 1905 by the architect Yashchenko. It is the first large reinforced concrete structure in the southern part of Russia. It is currently the third largest church in Russia after the Cathedral of the Savior in Moscow (10,000 people) and St. Isaac's Cathedral in Saint Petersburg (7,000 people) and has a capacity of around 5,000 people. In the square in front of the cathedral is the monument of Ataman Yermak , who opened up Siberia on behalf of Tsar Ivan the Terrible . He fell in the war against the Tatars in 1581. The Drama and Comedy Theater WF Komissarshevskaya is located in Novocherkassk .

In addition, Novocherkassk was the residence of the atamans, as is still evident today in the historicist style of the city palace.

In honor of the Cossacks who returned victorious from the Battle of Leipzig , the mayor of the then newly founded city had two identical triumphal arches built.

Industry

The most important industrial company is the Novocherkassk electric locomotive factory (abbreviated: NEVZ, Russian: НЭВЗ), which employs 10,666 (August 16, 2013) people and in 2012 produced 206 electric locomotives of different series . Another important industrial company produces graphite electrodes . In addition, Novocherkassk has a refinery , various furniture manufacturers, a paint factory and several food companies such as a large dairy , a vodka distillery and a brewery .

traffic

Novocherkassk is connected to the Russian capital Moscow by the M4 Don highway .

Research and Teaching

Novocherkassk is also known as the City of Science because of its numerous universities and institutes. To be emphasized are:

• the South Russian State Technical University ,
• the Academy for Improvement ,
• the military college for telecommunications,
• the research center for space simulator construction and
• a research institute for viticulture.

POW camp

In Novocherkassk there was a POW camp 430 for German POWs from World War II . Seriously ill people were treated in the POW Hospital 5351 . About 1,000 soldiers are buried in the hospital cemetery.

sons and daughters of the town

• Nikolai Dubowskoi (1859–1918), landscape painter
• Vissarion Alexejew (1866–1943), mathematician
• Michail Bachirew (1868–1920), naval officer and admiral
• Alexandre Vlasov (1880–1961), shipowner
• Dmitri Orlow (1883–1946), graphic artist
• Arseni Avraamow (1886–1944), composer and music theorist of the avant-garde
• Wassili Fessenkow (1889–1972), astronomer, astrophysicist and university professor
• Walerian Sorin (1902–1986), diplomat
• Gavriil Popow (1904–1972), composer
• Boris Prijmak (1909–1996), architect
• Walentina Telegina (1913–1979), film and theater actress
• Anatoly Mereschko (1921–2018), Colonel General and Deputy Chief of Staff of the Warsaw Pact (1969–1983)
• Ivan Kisimow (1928–2019), dressage rider
• Alexei Maslennikow (1929-2016), opera singer
• Alexander Lebed (1950–2002), general and politician, governor of the Krasnoyarsk Territory (1998–2002)
• Jurij Sedych (* 1955), Soviet-Ukrainian athlete
• Lyudmila Andonova (* 1960), Bulgarian high jumper
• Pawel Melnikow (* 1969), rower
• Julia Guschtschina (* 1983), sprinter
• Darja Kleschtschowa (* 1998), rhythmic gymnast
• Andrei Jessipenko (* 2002), chess master

Web links

Commons : Novocherkassk  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• City Council website (Russian)
• Novocherkassk on mojgorod.ru (Russian)
• Brief description on the website of the municipality of Badenweiler

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
2. ↑ http://www.novochgrad.ru/administration/activities/id/26.html Город-друг…
3. ↑ Новочеркасский электровозостроительный завод. (No longer available online.) Transmashholding , archived from the original on May 2, 2014 ; Retrieved August 16, 2013 (Russian). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
4. ↑ Maschke, Erich (ed.): On the history of the German prisoners of war of the Second World War. Verlag Ernst and Werner Gieseking, Bielefeld 1962–1977.