Matwei Ivanovich Platov

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Count Matvei Ivanovich Platov ( Russian Матвей Иванович Платов , scientific. Transliteration Matvej Ivanovich Platov ; * 8 / 19th August 1753 in the area of the Don Cossacks ; † 3/ 15 January 1818 ) was a general of the Russian army and Ataman of the Don Cossacks .

Life

Matwei Ivanovich Platov

Platow, who came from a simple, Cossack background, joined the Don Cossack army in 1764 and fought in the Russo-Turkish War against the Ottoman Empire in 1771 . From 1782 to 1783 he served under Suworow on the Kuban and in the Crimea , distinguished himself in 1788, in the Russo-Austrian Turkish War , with the capture of Ochakov , in 1789 before Akkerman and Bender . For his courage in storming Ismajil (1790), he was decorated with the Order of St. George .

In 1801, he was by Tsar Alexander I to Lieutenant General and Ataman of the Don Cossacks appointed.

As such, he initiated the construction of the Novocherkassk fortress , which was also the seat of the new regional administration.

Platow then fought in the Napoleonic Wars, first from 1805 to 1807 against the French. In the subsequent campaign against Turkey in 1809 he took the city of Hirsowa and had a large share in the victories at Rassewat and Kalipetri .

In the campaign of 1812, after the destruction of Moscow , he commanded 15  Don Cossack regiments , 2 hunter regiments and 2 mounted batteries, which always formed the vanguard and rear of the Russians, and pursued the retreating enemy with his Cossacks.

During the wars of liberation 1813-1814, Platow and his Cossacks gained great popularity in Europe. After crossing the border he liberated the Prussian cities of Marienwerder, Marienburg, Dirschau and Elbing, defeated General Lefèbvre-Desnouttes on September 28, 1813 near Altenburg and after the battle of Leipzig pursued the enemy as far as the Rhine . In France itself he was victorious at Laon , took Nemours in the assault, occupied Arcis and Versailles and finally advanced with the Allies in Paris .

On October 10, 1812, Platow was raised to the rank of count . He was buried in Novocherkassk , where a memorial was erected for him in 1853.

reception

The performances of the Don Kosaken Choir Serge Jaroff in the 1920s and 1930s made Platov's name well known in Germany, especially in the Bündische Jugend , and there again in the dj.1.11 . The song Platoff We Praise the Heroes became a hymn of the youngsters . Although Jaroff's choir was allowed to perform several times in Germany during the National Socialist era , singing the song was considered culturally Bolshevik and could lead to arrests, especially when Bündische in Kluft came to the concerts and demanded "Platoff".

literature

Web links

Commons : Matwei Iwanowitsch Platow  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Margarita Martirosova: К вопросу о дате рождения Матвея Ивановича Платова ( ru ) 2016.
  2. ↑ a b c Platow, Matwej Iwanowitsch . In: Brockhaus Konversations-Lexikon 1894–1896, Volume 13, p. 190.
  3. ↑ See for example [1] and [2] as well as Wilhelm Schepping: Deutsche Jugendbünde in the first half of the 20th century as a collector and mediator of Russian-Slavic songs in the political context of the Nazi era. In: Heike Müns (Ed.): Music and Migration in East Central Europe. Oldenbourg, Munich 2005, pp. 183-241, here: pp. 196f.
personal data
SURNAME Platow, Matwei Ivanovich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Платов, Матвей Иванович (Russian); Platov, Matvej Ivanovič (scientific transliteration); Platow, Matvey Ivanovich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian general and ataman of the Don Cossacks
DATE OF BIRTH August 19, 1753
PLACE OF BIRTH on Don
DATE OF DEATH January 15, 1818
Place of death on Don