Simferopol

The title of this article is ambiguous. Further meanings are listed under Simferopol (disambiguation) .

Simferopol
Сімферополь
	Simferopol
Basic data
Oblast :	Autonomous Republic of Crimea
Rajon :	District-free city
Height :	350 m
Area :	101 km²
Residents :	337,285 (2013)
Population density :	3,339 inhabitants per km²
Postcodes :	295000
Area code :	+380 652 current code +7 3652
Geographic location :	44 ° 57 '  N , 34 ° 6'  E Coordinates: 44 ° 56 '59 "  N , 34 ° 6' 0"  E
KOATUU :	110100000
Administrative structure :	3 Rajons , 4 SsT , 1 settlement
Mayor :	Gennady Bacharev
Address:	ул. Горького, д. 15 295000 м. Сімферополь
Statistical information
Simferopol

Simferopol ( Ukrainian Сімферополь , Russian Симферополь , Crimean Tatar Aqmescit ) is the capital of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea . The city has 337,285 inhabitants and is the center of the Simferopol Rajons of the same name , but not part of it itself.

Since the internationally unrecognized annexation of the Crimean peninsula to Russia in March 2014, Simferopol has been the de facto capital of the Federal Republic of Crimea of the Russian Federation. De jure, according to the administrative-territorial division of Ukraine , Simferopol remains the capital of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea , which is one of the territories occupied by Russia.

geography

The city is located on the largest river in Crimea, the Salhyr , on the northern slopes of the Crimean Mountains .

population

year	population
1839	007,000
1864	017,000
1887	038,000
1897	049,078
1914	091,000
1926	086,145
1939	142,634
1959	187,623
1970	249.053
1989	343,565
2001	343,644
2009	337.139
2012	335,582

	number	numbers in percent
Russians	238.938	66.7
Ukrainians	076,147	21.3
Crimean Tatars	025.209	07.0
Belarusians	004.102	01.1
Armenians	002.130	00.6
Tatars	001,339	00.4
Azerbaijanis	001.014	00.3
Poland	000.717	00.2
Greeks	000.619	00.2
Moldovans	000.561	00.1

City structure

The city is divided into three Stadtrajone Rajon Salisnyzja , Rajon Kiev and Rajon Central , the four "villages urban-type" (SST) Ahrarne (Аграрне) Aeroflotskyj (Аерофлотський) Hressiwskyj (Гресівський) and Komsomolske (Комсомольське) and the settlement Bitumne (Бітумне).

history

Historical map of the Crimean peninsula (around 1888)

Raid by German military officers and soldiers (January 1942)

In the area of ​​today's city Simferopol once stood in the 2nd century BC. Scythian capital Neapolis founded by King Skiluros . Their Scythian name is not known. Known under the Greek name Neapolis Scythica , the city still existed in the times of the Bosphoran Empire ( Regnum Bospori ) that was dependent on Rome . It was destroyed by the Goths in the 3rd century AD .

At the beginning of the 16th century there was a Tatar settlement called Aqmescit (also Ak-Metschet ). It was temporarily the residence of the governor of the Crimean Khanate, which was dependent on the Ottomans . After the Russian conquest of Crimea in the Russo-Turkish War from 1768 to 1774, the city of Simferopol was founded by a decree of Catherine the Great in February 1784 and belonged to the Taurian Governorate , which existed until October 1921. After the October Revolution , it was part of the ASSR of Crimea within the Russian SFSR . In 1914 the Simferopol tram was put into operation, but it was discontinued at the end of 1970.

On November 1, 1941, Simferopol was captured by the 11th Army of the Wehrmacht under their Commander-in-Chief General Erich von Manstein , whereupon in December 1941 almost 14,000 Jews were murdered within a few days by SS men and members of the field gendarmerie division 683 in the infamous Simferopol massacre were. Hitler planned to rename the city Gotenburg , the capital of a Crimea annexed as Gotengau .

In the city there was a prisoner of war camp 299 for German prisoners of war of the Second World War .

By resolution of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on the occasion of the 300th anniversary of the Treaty of Pereyaslav , Simferopol and the Crimea Oblast were annexed to the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic on April 26, 1954 . From 1991 to 2014 Simferopol was part of independent Ukraine.

On September 25, 1992 Simferopol became the capital of the "Republic of Crimea", since 1995 it has been the capital of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea .

Since the internationally unrecognized annexation of the Crimean peninsula to Russia in March 2014, Simferopol has de facto belonged to the federal subject of southern Russia of the Russian Federation. De jure, according to the administrative-territorial division of Ukraine, Simferopol is part of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea , which is one of the territories occupied by Russia.

Lenin monument in Simferopol (2003)

Twin cities

Heidelberg (Germany) has been Simferopol's twin town since 1991. In the Ukrainian city there has been the Heidelberg House since 2000, which was built with donations from a Heidelberg foundation. It is located in the center of the city and offers a cultural program all year round. Former forced laborers who were exploited during World War II are also looked after there.

A total of eleven twin cities are listed for Simferopol :

city	country	since
Bursa	Marmara Region, Turkey
Chernivtsi	Ukraine
Donetsk	Ukraine	2017
Eskişehir	Central Anatolia, Turkey	2007
Heidelberg	Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany	1991
Irkutsk	Siberia, Russia	2008
Kecskemét	Southern Great Plain, Hungary	2006
Kerch	/ Autonomous Republic of Crimea
Nizhny Novgorod	Volga, Russia	2016
Novocherkassk	Southern District, Russia	2008
Omsk	Siberia, Russia	2008
Padua	Veneto, Italy	2016
Russian	Bulgaria	2008
Salem	Oregon, United States	1986
Southwest County	Moscow, Russia	2008
Ulan-Ude	Far East, Russia

Puppet theater in Simferopol

Culture

Art museum in Simferopol

The Simferopol puppet theater is internationally known .

In 2008 it became known that there are 87 paintings from the Suermondt-Ludwig-Museum in Aachen in the city's art museum , which had come here as looted art after being relocated during the Second World War .

As the capital of Crimea, Simferopol is also the center of Crimean Tatar- dominated Islam in Ukraine .

The Salhyr in Simferopol

The station square in Simferopol

Trolleybus station

economy

In addition to traditional craft and small-scale industrial structures, modern industries have also been establishing themselves since the turn of the millennium. In addition to local technology providers, several international software companies have settled in Simferopol.

science

On the occasion of its 200th anniversary, the asteroid (2141) Simferopol, discovered on August 30, 1970, was named after the city in 1984 .

traffic

Simferopol train station is the starting point for the longest trolleybus route in the world. It is operated by the Krymskyj trolejbus company and runs between Simferopol, Alushta and Yalta on the Black Sea . In Simferopol there is also an urban trolleybus network, it is also operated by Krymskyj trolejbus and comprises a total of fifteen lines (1, 3 to 13, 13A, 14 and 15). The Simferopol tram existed from 1914 to 1970.

Sevastopol and the tourist attraction Bakhchysarai (route to Sevastopol) and the spa town of Evpatoria can be reached by train from Simferopol . In addition, until 2013 there was a daily through car between Simferopol and Berlin . The travel time was 41 to 49 hours.

In Simferopol there is the Simferopol Airport ( ICAO : UKFF, IATA : SIP) with connections to Russia.

Soccer

The RSC Lokomotiv Stadium , which holds 19,978 spectators, was the venue of the former Tawrija Simferopol football club until 2014 .

sons and daughters of the town

→ Main article : List of personalities of the city of Simferopol

Climate table

Simferopol
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.     42   3 -4     33   4th -4     37   8th -1     33   16 4th     44   21st 9     53   25th 13     55   28 16     41   28 15th     37   23 11     32   17th 6th     44   11 2     54   6th -1 Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm Source: wetterkontor.de

Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Simferopol Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 3.1 3.8 8.2 15.7 21.2 25.2 28.1 27.8 23.1 17.2 11.1 6.0 O 15.9 Min. Temperature (° C) −4.4 −4.1 −1.1 4.2 9.4 13.3 15.6 15.1 10.8 6.4 2.4 −1.4 O 5.6 Precipitation ( mm ) 42 33 37 33 44 53 55 41 37 32 44 54 Σ 505 Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 2.8 3.6 5.3 7.0 9.1 10.4 11.0 10.2 8.7 6.6 3.8 2.4 O 6.8 Rainy days ( d ) 8th 7th 7th 6th 6th 6th 5 4th 5 5 8th 9 Σ 76 Humidity ( % ) 84 81 77 70 69 67 65 64 69 75 81 85 O 73.9 Source: wetterkontor.de

Web links

Commons : Simferopol  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Freundeskreis-Heidelberg-Simferopol
• Airport (english)
• Info portal Simferopol City

literature

• Думнов Д. Ф. Симферополь: Справочник. - Simferopol: Таврия, 1989. - 144 с. (rus.)
• Байцар А. Л. Крим. Нариси історичної, природничої і суспільної географії: Навчальний посібник / А. Л. Байцар; Львівський національний університет ім. І. Франка. - Львів: Видавничий центр ЛНУ ім. Івана Франка, 2007. - 224 с. (Ukr.)
• Енциклопедія українознавства. У 10-х томах. / Головний редактор Володимир Кубійович. - Париж; Нью-Йорк: Молоде життя, 1954—1989. (Ukr.)

swell

1. ↑ http://database.ukrcensus.gov.ua/PXWEB2007/ukr/publ_new1/index.asp
2. ↑ Annexation of the Crimea. Putin violates Russian constitution
3. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from April 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
4. ↑ Chronology of the Holocaust ( Memento of February 24, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
5. ↑ Erich Maschke (ed.): On the history of the German prisoners of war of the Second World War. Verlag Ernst and Werner Gieseking, Bielefeld 1962–1977.
6. ↑ The Transfer of the Crimea to the Ukraine (English)
7. ↑ Федеральный закон Российской Федерации от 21 марта 2014 года № 6-ФКЗ "О принятии в Российскую Федерацию Республики Крым и образовании в составе Российской Федерации новых субъектов - Республики Крым и города федерального значения Севастополя"
8. ↑ Annexation of the Crimea. Putin violates Russian constitution
9. ^ Project Simferopol / Heidelberg House ( Memento from June 18, 2013 in the Internet Archive ); Article on the Heidelberg House on the Manfred Lautenschläger Foundation website , accessed on June 12, 2013
10. ↑ Crimean authorities, Italian delegation to sign agreement on sister city relations - Russian Politics & Diplomacy - TASS. Retrieved June 18, 2019 . 
11. ↑ Lost looted art: dispute over paintings in the Ukraine ; Article on Spiegel-Online from November 7, 2008
12. ^ Andreas Rossmann : Looted Art: Give up property, keep property ; FAZ.net , February 1, 2009
13. ↑ Minor Planet Circ. 8911