Kecskemét
| Kecskemét | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
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| State : | Hungary | ||||
| Region : | Southern Great Plain | ||||
| County : | Bács-Kiskun | ||||
| Small area until December 31, 2012 : | Kecskemét | ||||
| District since 1.1.2013 : | Kecskemét | ||||
| Coordinates : | 46 ° 54 ' N , 19 ° 42' E | ||||
| Height : | 122 m | ||||
| Area : | 32.136 km² | ||||
| Residents : | 113,275 (Jan. 1, 2011) | ||||
| Population density : | 3,525 inhabitants per km² | ||||
| Telephone code : | (+36) 76 | ||||
| Postal code : | 6000 | ||||
| KSH kódja: | 26684 | ||||
| Structure and administration (status: 2014) | |||||
| Community type : | city | ||||
| Mayoress : | Klaudia Szemereyné Pataki (Fidesz-KDNP) | ||||
| Postal address : | Kossuth tér 1 6000 Kecskemét |
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| Website : | |||||
| (Source: A Magyar Köztársaság helységnévkönyve 2011. január 1st at Központi statisztikai hivatal ) | |||||
Kecskemét [ ˈkɛʧkɛmeːt ] ( German Ketschkemet ) is a town with county law in the Great Hungarian Plain . It is the county seat of the county Bács-Kiskun . The name means something like "goat walk".
The city is 122 m above sea level. d. M., extends over 3213.60 hectares and with around 110,000 inhabitants (2007 estimate) is eighth of the cities in Hungary . Kecskemét is located a little southeast of the geographic center of the country, southeast of the capital Budapest and northwest of the third largest Hungarian city Szeged , approx. 85 km away from both, and approx. 95 km north of the border with Serbia (near Röszke ).
history
Kecskemét was already around 3000 BC. Settled. During excavations, archaeologists found an urn field from the Bronze Age , and Avar graves were also discovered during the construction of a Piarist high school .
The municipality is first mentioned as a city in 1368.
The city also flourished during the Turkish occupation and enjoyed the privilege of self-government. The basis of prosperity was cattle breeding and, based on this, the cattle trade, furrier and blacksmith trade.
In 1710 Kecskemét fell to Austria and remained under the rule of Vienna until 1867. From 1867, Hungary received equality in the state and formally the rule over part of the Habsburg Empire ( Hungarian half of the empire ), which was now called Austria-Hungary .
In 1834 the city freed itself from the dependency of the landlords with their feudal obligations. They began to divide the large estates located on communal land into plots and many permanently inhabited individual farms (tanyas) were built in the Puszta . To bind the fallow sandy soil, millions of fruit trees were planted in the first half of the 19th century. By 1900 half of the city's population was already living in such individual farmsteads.
The flourishing agriculture and the boom in industry that began with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 gave rise to a large bourgeoisie that enriched the city center with many Art Nouveau buildings at the turn of the century .
On July 8, 1911, Kecskemét was shaken by a severe earthquake that caused great damage.
From 1918 and 1920 respectively, Kecskemét was part of the Kingdom of Hungary , which was now independent from Austria , from 1946 to 1989 the People's Republic of Hungary , since 1989 the Republic of Hungary , which became a member of the EU in 2004 .
In 1950 the city gained administrative importance: It became the county seat of the largest county in terms of area (Hungarian megye ) Bács-Kiskun. She asserted this role in the post-communist system after the opening of the border and the end of the Cold War in 1988/89.
coat of arms
Description: In red, an upright silver billy goat on a green mountain in the shield base . The crown of St. Stephen rests on the shield .
meaning
Kecskemét is the cultural and economic center of the region between the Danube and Tisza . The city, which lies exactly between the capital Budapest and the third largest Hungarian city Szeged (it is 85 km away from both), has the Kecskemét University , a technical college with three faculties, as well as a Scientific Institute for the Great Hungarian Plain ( Alföldi Tudományos Intézet ) and the Music Education Institute “Zoltán Kodály” ( Kodály Zoltán Zenepedagógiai Intézet ).
Kecskemét is an important center for modern ceramics, which defines itself as contemporary art . In 1973, the Nemzetközi Kerámia Stúdió artists' colony , the International Ceramic Studio , was founded in the middle of the city in a group of historic houses . In the institution, which has been operating all year round since 1976, master classes are held with worldwide participation. The studio also has its own art collection, which has been shown several times in the Hungarian Museum of Applied Arts . In 1986, on the initiative of the studio in the city, a now privatized company for ceramic supplies was founded.
Kecskemét is still located in the middle of an intensely agricultural area (mainly fruit, vegetable and wine growing), the income of which is processed in Kecskemét. That is why the food industry is the most important branch of industry in the city. It is the home of the famous Hungarian apricot brandy Barackpálinka . Mercedes-Benz has decided to build a new plant here for 800 million euros and to manufacture the successor models for the B-Class at this location, thus generating almost 3,000 new jobs in the region.
From a military point of view, Kecskemét is one of the most important cities in Hungary, alongside Szolnok and Veszprém , primarily because the Kecskemét air force base is in the northeast of the city. There were NATO Exercises such as Dragon Nest in 2004 and 2005, and the Ample Train 2003 performed. International air shows take place at the airport every year.
traffic
Kecskemét is on the railway line from Budapest to Szeged. From Budapest West Railway Station ( Budapest Nyugati pályaudvar ) it takes 77 minutes with an InterCity train, from Szeged 61 minutes to Kecskemét. In addition, the city is located on the large north-south motorway, the M5 , which was completed in 2006 (which runs south of the border with Serbia as Autoput A1 in the direction of Novi Sad and Belgrade ), on which Budapest or Szeged can be reached in about 70 minutes ( Novi Sad (approx. 210 km away) in approx. 2:15, Belgrade (approx. 295 km) in 2:45 to three hours). Via Budapest (almost 90 km, approx. 1:10 h) you can reach Austrian territory , at the border towns of Hegyeshalom / Nickelsdorf (approx. 250 km), in 2:20 to three hours, the city of Vienna (approx. 325 km) the Austrian West Autobahn (A 1), which continues from the border, takes 3:15 to four hours.
economy
In June 2008, the German Daimler AG announced that its Mercedes-Benz Cars division plans to open a new automobile plant in the Kecskemét region by 2012. Construction started in October 2009. The investments amounted to 800 million euros. 100,000 cars were to be assembled there every year and around 2,500 new jobs were to be created. The Kecskemét region, which was actually economically weak and characterized by agriculture , prevailed against competing locations in Poland and Romania despite (slightly) higher wages due to lower logistics costs, an existing supplier network and a continuous motorway connection to the Mercedes parent plants in Baden-Württemberg . The plant opened in 2012 . The CLA has also been manufactured in Kecskemét since 2013 . In 2015 the plant had 4,000 employees. In May 2018, production of the B-Class was replaced by the fourth-generation A-Class, and in June 2018 the foundation stone was laid for a new, fully flexible plant.
Attractions
Kecskemét shows the building structure typical of the Great Hungarian Plain with an extensive periphery of individual farmsteads, then village housing estates, socialist satellite towns and a relatively small, urban-looking center.
The Kecskemét Reformed Church dates from the Baroque period . Due to the slow urban development and several major fires in the center, most of the sights date from the Art Nouveau era . The most famous Hungarian architect of this era, Ödön Lechner , created the town hall (1893–1896) , which was the style for the whole of Hungary . The Palais Cifra ("Cifrapalota") deserves special mention from the series of representative citizen palaces . Various exhibitions find a temporary home in the latter.
30 km southwest of Kecskemét is the Bugac-Puszta , the touristic part of the Kiskunság National Park , which shows the landscape as it existed before the reclamation with individual farms in the 19th century ( see section: History ). This region was opened up by a narrow-gauge railway that started in Kecskemét.
Demographics
Kecskemét has 107,267 inhabitants (2001). The population is homogeneous with a large Hungarian majority. A few thousand members of the Roma minority live in the city; they have been forming its independent minority government since 1994. The population is distributed among the various ethnic groups or mother tongues as follows: 95% Hungarian , 0.8% Roma, 0.4% German ; 0.2% Slovak ; 4.8% others. The city had a thriving Jewish community before World War II , when these were also represented by its large synagogue. Most of the Jews were deported by the Nazis to concentration camps during the German occupation of Hungary in 1944 , where they were killed.
Townships
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sons and daughters of the town
- József Katona (1791–1830), playwright
- Emánuel Moór (1863–1931), pianist, composer and inventor
- Adolf Fényes (1867–1945), painter
- Zoltán Kodály (1882–1967), composer
- Ladislaus Bus-Fekete (1896–1971), Hungarian-American playwright and film writer
- Nándor Orbán (1910–1981), modern pentathlon
- Nicolas Abraham (1919–1975), French psychoanalyst
- Josef von Ferenczy (1919–2011), German-Hungarian media manager, publisher and film producer
- Moshe Sanbar (1926–2012), Israeli economist
- Péter Balázs (* 1941), politician and EU commissioner
- István Busa (* 1961), fencer
- Károly Balzsay (* 1979), boxer
- Dorina Korsós (* 1995), handball player
Town twinning
There are city partnerships with 24 domestic and foreign cities, including:
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supporting documents
- ^ Nemzetközi Kerámia Stúdió (NKS). Retrieved May 18, 2019 (Hungarian / English).
- ^ Mathias Brüggmann, Carsten Herz: The miracle of Kecskemét. In: handelsblatt.com . June 23, 2008, accessed February 13, 2015 .
- ↑ http://www.budapester-archiv.bzt.hu/2015/06/01/ein-solides-familienauto/
- ↑ Start of production in Kecskemét: First Mercedes-Benz A-Class from Hungary
- ↑ Laying of the foundation stone for the first full-flex plant: Mercedes-Benz Cars is investing one billion euros in the car plant in Hungary
