Taurian Governorate

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Coat of arms of the governorate
Map from 1822 (Russian-French)

The government Taurien ( Russian Таврическая губерния / Tavricheskaya Gubernija , Ukrainian Таврійська губернія / Tawrijska hubernija , Crimean Tavrida guberniyası ) was an administrative unit in the southern Russian Empire . Today the area belongs to Ukraine , the Crimean peninsula de facto (not recognized under international law) to Russia . The governorate comprised the Crimean peninsula and the steppe areas immediately north of it to the Dnieper (Ukrainian Dnipro ). It bordered the Black and Azov Seas, as well as the Kherson and Yekaterinoslav Governments . The area was 63,553.5 km². The capital was Simferopol . The governorate had eight counties :

In addition, there were two city capitals, Kerch and Sevastopol .

history

1783 was Crimean Khanate of Catherine II. Annexed, it was considered part of the colonization area New Russia a oblast Taurien established. The ancient name Tauria was revived, the Crimea was known to the Greeks as the Taurian Peninsula . As a name for the Crimea, however, Tauria did not establish itself outside of official documents. Dissolved by Tsar Paul I in 1796 , it was rebuilt as a governorate by Alexander I in 1802 . It existed in this form until October 1921.

In the wake of the October Revolution , there was a short-lived Tauride Soviet Socialist Republic before the area came under the control of the Central Powers in 1918 . After the Soviet power regained control of the area during the civil war , it was divided up: the areas on the mainland became part of the Ukrainian SSR , while the Crimea formed an ASSR ( ASSR of Crimea ) within the Russian SFSR .

statistics

In 1897 Tauria had 1,447,790 inhabitants (23 on 1 km²), of which 611,121 were Ukrainians , 404,463 Russians , 196,854 Crimean Tatars , 78,305 Germans , 55,418 Jews and 10,112 Poles. According to their creed, 74% were Orthodox, 13% Islamic, 4.8% Protestant, 4.6% Jewish and 2% Roman Catholic. In the north mainly Ukrainians and Russians lived, on the peninsula mainly Crimean Tatars, with the exception of the port cities which were only founded in the late 18th century and which were mostly populated by Russians. There were also smaller groups of Greeks, Bulgarians and Armenians.

The most important branch of the economy in the north was cattle breeding, salt production and a little agriculture. Horticulture and viticulture were important in the mountains of the south . In 1887 the harvest was 2.6 million hectoliters of wheat, 1.4 million hectoliters of barley, 750,000 hectoliters of rye and smaller quantities of other types of grain and potatoes. The breeding of merino sheep was important , there was also cattle and horse breeding. The industry was relatively insignificant. The ports of Crimea (Sevastopol, Feodosia) and Berdyansk on the mainland were much more important for trade than the land route.

There were 669 schools with 40,186 students, including 21 middle schools and 13 special schools (e.g. for navigation).

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