Tauria
Tauria ( Russian Таврия ) is the former name of the Crimean peninsula .
history
Antiquity
Long before the 8th century BC Chr. , When the Cimmerians settled on the territory of the Crimea, had taken in the mountains and on the southern coast of Crimea Taurer established a warlike people, from which the island got its ancient name "Tauris". In the 5th century BC In the first records of the Crimea , Herodotus , the father of Greek historiography, referred to this Tauria, for which the name Tauris is also used in Greek mythology .
Modern times
The area was finally ruled by the Crimean Tatars from the Mongol attack (mid-13th century) until 1774 ; see Islam in Ukraine .
In 1783 the khanate of Crimea was annexed by the Russian Empire and converted into the colonization area of New Russia . The peninsula became part of the newly established area of Tauria, which after a brief abolition in 1802 became the governorate of Tauria . The term Crimea disappeared from official usage. Since Crimea stood for the Crimean Tatar Khanate , this designation was no longer desired. The area, which was run as a governorate until 1917, was also settled by Siegerland colonists around 1805 .
20th century
In the course of the October Revolution of 1917, the existence of the Taurian Governorate was temporarily interrupted. The area gained relative autonomy within the new Ukrainian state in 1917/1918 under the leadership of the Crimean Tatars who remained on the island. The Soviet power was established in January 1918th
On October 18, 1921, the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Crimea was proclaimed part of the Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic (RSFSR). The constitution, which was passed shortly thereafter, emphasized the equality of all nationalities and declared both Russian and Crimean Tatar to be official languages.
Stalin put an end to this development in the late 1920s . In 1929 he reduced the importance of the Crimean Tatar language and limited the territorial autonomy of the region. About 40,000 Crimean Tatar families were arrested or deported to Siberia. In 1941, Stalin had the roughly 50,000 Crimean Germans expelled mainly to Kazakhstan .
During the Second World War , the historical name came back to life under the occupation of the German Wehrmacht . As the general district of Crimea (sub-district Tauria), the area was under the control of the Reichskommissariat Ukraine from September 1, 1942 to October 23, 1943 . On October 23, Melitopol , the district's capital, was retaken by the Red Army . Hitler planned to connect the peninsula as "Gotenland" with the Reich via the Reichsautobahn and to settle "Volksdeutsche" from South Tyrol there (see option in South Tyrol ). In 1944, the entire peninsula was liberated from German occupation, which meant that the name "Taurien", which had appeared again in the meantime, disappeared again.